Sugarcane is a special kind of fruit. What should be done to achieve high and stable yield in sugarcane planting?

Sugarcane is a special kind of fruit. What should be done to achieve high and stable yield in sugarcane planting? Sugarcane is a kind of herbaceous plants, native to tropical areas, and it is a kind of crop that likes heat and light. Sugarcane is sold in most areas of our country, with a large planting area. China, Chongzuo, Guangxi, planted a lot of sugar cane. Sugarcane juice is rich, with high sugar content and sweet and crisp taste. It is often used as a cane for making sugar. So how to grow high-yield and high-quality sugarcane?

1 Deep ploughing and soil preparation is the beginning of sugarcane cultivation and the necessary condition for stable and high yield of sugarcane. Because sugarcane itself is tall, has a long growth cycle and uses a lot of water and fertilizer, thick and fertile soil layer is selected as the cultivation soil layer of sugarcane to meet the requirements of high yield.

First, deep ploughing and soil preparation are carried out. After the previous crop is obtained, it is directly ploughed in the field for 30-50 cm. After ploughing, the soil layer is cured by sun exposure to ensure that the foundation pit is broken before planting ditches. After the above practical operation, the soil layer planted with sugarcane can be basically ensured to be deep, soft and delicate. Secondly, the planting ditch should be excavated horizontally according to the contour line, with a depth of 35 ~ 40 cm, a total width of 25 ~ 35~40cm, and a sugarcane planting row spacing of100 ~10 cm.

2 Seedling management of sugarcane The seedling management stage of sugarcane is an important link to win high yield and high sugar. Therefore, it is necessary to select sugarcane seedlings effectively, and handle the technical links such as seed cutting and drying, seed soaking and tooth urging.

2. 1 Old sugarcane varieties planted all the year round may have low yield and sugar content, so Taitang -2 1 and Taitang -22 with high quality and good sugar content should be introduced. Compared with traditional Taiwanese sugar-16, these two new varieties of Taiwanese sugar have stronger tillering ability, reasonable enterprise area, more stalks, maturity, high yield and high sugar content. The cultivation and planting of this variety can increase the yield by about 30.2%, and the sugar content of sugarcane is also increased by about 12.0%. In addition to the above improved varieties, new sugarcane varieties such as Yuetang 93 and Yuetang 236 can also be selected for good seedling selection.

2.2 Seed Cutting Select the sugarcane plants with strong growth, and cut the seeds to ensure that each seedling has 2 ~ 3 buds. In the whole process of seed cutting, we should pay attention to mastering the method, and the cross section should be smooth. We should not use mechanical equipment to destroy the seed stem and sugarcane bud, but it is best to leave a section (about 2/3 of the section) below the sugarcane bud.

For 2 ~ 3 days, the seeds should be exposed for 2 ~ 3 days, soaked in 5% lime slurry 18 ~ 24 hours, then mixed with 50% triadimefon 1000 times of bubble seeds 10 minute, and then planted and cultivated.

2.4 Sugarcane plants are high and should be planted first. For example, it should be planted after the rainy season when the soil layer is richer in nutrition and water, which is beneficial to field management and reaches the basic standard of high yield in sugarcane fields. In fact, sugarcane can be planted evenly all year round, but generally speaking, sugarcane is planted in southern provinces and cities of China from the end of winter to the following spring (165438+ 10 to April). Because autumn planting sugarcane has the main characteristics of high and stable yield, combined with cool climate, the initial sugar content of sugarcane can be improved.

At the same time, it can also be beneficial to separate farming. It is usually best to plant sugarcane in autumn from August to 10. In addition, when selecting the relative density of the next seed, the number of buds in the field should be 3 ~ 4 pairs /m and 8000 ~ 12000 buds /667m2. Generally, ditch floor soil is selected to cooperate with multiple rows of topping to sow in the air, so as to ensure that sugarcane stems and seedlings can be laid flat on the wet and cold floor soil of the ditch floor. Generally, the planting room of sugarcane buds should face both sides, and it is best to ensure that the spacing between two rows is about 10cm.

2.5 Fertilization should be covered with fertilizer after the next planting. Under normal circumstances, the amount of fertilizer is about 100kg/667 m2, 40kg/667m2 of compound fertilizer, 20kg/667m2 of urea solution, 0/00 kg/667m2 of organic fertilizer and 5kg/667m2 of Mi Le. After the fertilizer is fully mixed, it can be evenly covered on the seedlings, and the thickness of the covering soil is generally 5 ~ 7 cm.

In order to determine the most suitable fertilization amount for sugarcane planting, basic fertilizer and compound fertilizer were specially applied to sugarcane, and the fertilization amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was about N∶P∶K=6∶ 12∶ 10, and ammonium sulfate was added about 50kg/667m2. The concentration of topdressing is 30kg/667m2 of 56% urea solution and 50% ammonium sulfate 10kg/667m2 from July to August every year.

During fertilization, intercropping cultivation techniques, agricultural plastic film mulching cultivation techniques and formula fertilization techniques should be coordinated. Effective fertilization combined with appropriate cultivation techniques can ensure that the per capita yield of sugarcane exceeds 7t/667m2, increase production and income, improve quality and increase efficiency by about 15.2%, and basically control the yield by about1:1.58.

3 Field management of sugarcane extension period Extension period is a unique management stage of sugarcane cultivation and planting, the most vigorous stage of sugarcane growth and development, and the key period for sugarcane to achieve stable and high yield. During this period, sugarcane cultivation should be fertilized, watered and loosened, and cultivation management should be optimized. In the early stage of the extension period, loosen the soil for 1 time, that is, fertilize and thresh the stem fertilizer, and ensure that the deep layer of loosen soil is 20 ~ 30cm. At this stage, urea solution 10 ~ 15 kg/667 m2 and compound fertilizer 20 ~ 30 kg/667 m2 should be applied again, so as to reasonably improve the stem formation rate of sugarcane.

The core content of fertilization is to loosen the soil and compound fertilizer during the vigorous extension period of sugarcane. The soil should be looser than 30cm, and the urea solution should be 20 ~ 30kg/667m2. At the same time, the compound fertilizer should be above 40kg/667m2, combined with 40kg/667m2 of calcium superphosphate and 500 ~ 1000kg/667m2 of organic fertilizer to promote the long leaves of sugarcane.

Strong tail fertilizer should be applied in the middle and late elongation stage, and the average urea consumption is 7 ~ 12 kg/667 m2, so as to promote the total sugar content of sugarcane and ensure high yield and harvest of sugarcane. In addition, in order to maximize the economic benefits of sugarcane planting, we should also make full use of sugarcane intercropping technology, vigorously expand demonstration fields, and plant cucumber, soybean, corn, potato, peanut kernel and other food crops among sugarcane.

Control of sugarcane diseases and insect pests The control of sugarcane diseases and insect pests needs to be integrated into the whole process of its growth and development. As shown in the following figure, 7 days after the seeds germinate, the soil layer is wet and cold, and atrazine chemical herbicides of 250g/667m2 and 50kg/667m2 are applied and sprayed evenly in the field, especially in the sugarcane ditch, to prevent weeds from harming the growth and development of sugarcane. 50kg/667m2 was treated with Yufeng 250g/667m2 in the middle and late stage of extension.

For the pest control management of Xintai Sugar -22, loosening soil after fertilization should be the main method, and the relative height of loosening soil should be at least 20cm, which can effectively promote the whole development process of sugarcane and prevent the occurrence of sugarcane seedling loss. At the same time, 40% dimethoate EC can be mixed with 250mL/hm2 or 50% carbendazim to control cotton bud pests, or 300 ~ 450 g/hm2 wettable powder can be sprayed with 500kg/hm2 water every morning and evening.

To sum up, in order to achieve high and stable yield of sugarcane cultivation, we must grasp every link of cultivation management and comprehensively implement optimized and innovative management techniques from various aspects to ensure high sugar, high yield and high quality of sugarcane.