The Role of Leaping Water and Soil in Hometown

The composition is a bit complicated, I hope you can sit through it!

Good luck!

1. "Hometown" is a reflection of China people's spirit. From the innocence and vitality of children to the numbness and dullness of adults, it shows how the life and vitality of ordinary people in China are stifled. Take leap soil as an example:

Juvenile leap soil:

Appearance: eleven or twelve years old, with a purple round face, wearing a small felt hat, a silver collar around his neck and red and round hands.

Action: lively and vigorous, crisp and neat, blurted out, simple and vivid; Wisdom, courage, enthusiasm and innocence.

Attitude towards "I": "I'm just not afraid of me", give me shells and bird feathers and tell me many strange things. Be friendly and enthusiastic about "I" and establish a pure friendship with "I".

Life attitude: naive and lively, carefree.

Middle-aged leap soil:

Appearance: I have doubled my figure, my face is grayish yellow, my wrinkles are deep, my eyes are red and swollen, I am wearing a worn felt hat and only a thin cotton-padded coat. I carry a paper bag and a long pipe, and my hands are thick, stupid and cracked, like pine bark.

Action: speak hesitatingly, intermittently, humbly, vaguely, and appear dull and numb.

Attitude towards "I": address "I" as the main person, and there is a thick barrier between me and "I".

Attitude towards life: sadness, pain, life makes him breathless. He pinned his hopes for happiness on God.

The article also mentions the reasons for this change: many children, famine, exorbitant taxes, soldiers, bandits, officials and gentry all make him look like a puppet, which is the superficial reason. The underlying reason is that we need to think deeply about why China society was in such a miserable situation at that time. By understanding such a theme, we can deeply explore the reasons for evolution: past → present (inferring the reasons for change).

2. It shows the cycle of ignorance, backwardness and poverty in China society. From the leap soil father and son and sister-in-law Yang Er, we can see the shadow of this reincarnation:

Jump the soil: teenager → middle age →?

Aquatic: Juvenile "was a leap soil 20 years ago" → Middle-aged (now a leap soil)? →?

Sister-in-law Yang Er: Young → Middle →

Perhaps their descendants will follow in their footsteps and struggle in such a cycle. Due to the long feudal period in China, the general public came from generation to generation, as if there was no end in sight in the dark tunnel (countless peasant uprisings overthrew the feudal dynasty, and then a new feudal dynasty was established, and then peasant uprisings broke out, and then ... history went on and on, and so did the people's suffering).

3. The relationship between people who long for innocence. Back home, "I" and Runtu, sister-in-law Yang Er and others have had a deep spiritual barrier. Runtu is called "I" and "Master", while Mrs. Yang Er thinks "I" and "Let go of the platform". The sincere and friendly relationship as a child has completely disappeared. I am eager to break the pecking order in feudal society and establish a new interpersonal relationship that transcends vulgar material relations.

Second, the characters

This novel successfully portrays typical characters.

Runoff soil:

Teenagers "have endless strange things" when they watch melons and thorns on a moonlit night and pretend to catch birds. They are the heroes I admired and yearned for when I was a child. Twenty years later, the hard life made him dull and numb. His "purple round face has turned to grayish yellow" and his "red and round hands" have become "thick and stupid". What is even more frightening is the change of his thoughts. He met a long-lost "I" and called it "the master". Facing the reality of suffering, I only hope to pray to God and worship Buddha. He is the representative of the working people in China who are struggling under the heavy pressure of life.

Sister-in-law Yang Er:

Yang Er's sister-in-law was young and beautiful 20 years ago, so the tofu shop is very good, and she is called "tofu beauty"; Twenty years later, she became a "thin-footed compass" with prominent cheekbones and thin lips. She became selfish, sharp, greedy, snobbish, gossiping and trying to get something from my actions. Sister-in-law Yang Er is a typical vulgar ordinary citizen.

"I":

The "I" in the novel has the shadow of the author, but it can never be equated with the author. "I" have been wandering outside, always with good memories of my hometown. I am deeply saddened and disappointed to see the reality that my hometown is declining and indifferent, but deep down, I still have a vision for the bright future of my hometown. "I" have deep feelings for the leap soil, show sympathy and love for the working people, and deny the concept of hierarchy. "I" is an image of an intellectual who pursues a new life and is full of hope.

About practice

First, "hometown" has changed from a childhood paradise to a cold and sad reality. What do you want to show by writing such a huge contrast? Try to analyze three different people and their three different spiritual relationships from Yang Er's sister-in-law Runtu and me.

This topic mainly inspires students to think about themes and characters.

This contrast shows the reality of people's miserable life, and the spiritual bondage of working people and the indifference and separation between people under the influence of traditional concepts in feudal society. It truly expresses the author's strong dissatisfaction with reality and eager feelings for a new life.

The novel mainly reflects the estrangement and miserable life between people through the relationship between Runtu, Yang Er's sister-in-law and "I". My childhood friend, honest farmer Runtu, used to be very close to me, but now he respectfully calls me "grandpa", which makes me feel "very sad". Yang Er's wife, who used to be so beautiful, said with a strange accent "I", "I let go of the platform", "I have a three-bedroom aunt" and "eight-bedroom sedan chair", which left me speechless. Yang Er's sister-in-law, Runtu and "I" and their three different spiritual relationships not only reflect the great contrast between reality and the past, but also profoundly reveal the deep meaning under this contrast.

Second, novels often use details to describe characters and express themes. Try to find out the details about Yang Er's sister-in-law moistening soil and water, and make an oral analysis. What role do these details play in expressing the theme (for example, water and water were the soil that was moistened twenty years ago).

This topic mainly guides students to analyze characters and then understand the theme. It should be completed on the basis of personal understanding of the topic.

Jump over the soil: See "Text Description".

Sister-in-law Yang Er: Twenty years ago, she was called "Tofu Beauty". "Because of Iraq, the business of this tofu shop is very good." After 20 years, she became aggressive and presumptuous. In order to get something from "my" family, I sometimes flatter hypocritically, sometimes sarcastically, and sometimes slander and steal vegetables.

Aquatic: It was a leap soil 20 years ago, but it was yellow and thinner; Honger invited him to play, and he "relaxed and went out with him" (Runtu respectfully called me "Master").

Such a detailed description can be explained by personal understanding of the subject. For example, the contrast between aquatic and leap soil can show how the vitality of the people in China was stifled by the feudal society, and it can also show the cycle of suffering in the feudal society in China. Wait a minute.

Thirdly, the novel takes "I" as the narrator, and the narrative contains strong emotional color.

This topic is mainly to let students understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author.

1. Try to outline the mood changes of "me".

Emotional changes of "I":

Recalling the hometown of childhood: innocent childhood makes me feel extremely happy;

In my hometown: my indifferent hometown and distant human feelings make me feel extremely sad.

Leave my hometown: "I" thought my hometown would be good, but I always felt that the bright future was slim.

2. Tell me about your understanding of the following passage:

I thought: Hope is nothing, nothing. It's like a road on the ground. In fact, there is no road on the ground. If there are more people walking, it will become a road.

The author compares hope to the road on the ground, which means that if there is hope without struggle and pursuit, hope will be "indifferent"; With hope, unremitting struggle and practice, hope is nothing. People struggle with hope and they will usher in a new life.

Four. Discussion:

Have the following understanding of the theme of this novel:

1. People's life and vitality are stifled;

2. Innocent human nature is distorted;

3. The cycle of ignorance, backwardness and poverty;

4. Desire for ideal interpersonal relationship.

Which view do you agree with, or do you have another view?

This topic mainly guides students to play the initiative of autonomous learning and think deeply about the theme. The answer is short.

Teaching suggestion

First, the understanding of literary works varies from person to person. We should advocate the diversity of understanding, give full play to students' enthusiasm for autonomous learning, and cultivate students' personality. To understand the theme of this novel, students should be encouraged to explore deeply and get their own opinions.

Secondly, this novel profoundly reflects the social life in China at that time. When we analyze it, we might as well give some explanations and guidance from the aspects of history and social evolution.

Thirdly, when analyzing characters, we should focus on the word "change" and investigate the development of characters' personality and the external and internal reasons, so as to deepen our understanding of the theme.

Fourth, it can enrich the learning content, let students expand their horizons to their hometown, and analyze the development of their hometown through the changes of people and things in their hometown.

related data

First, the loss of the spiritual "hometown" —— Appreciation of Lu Xun's "Hometown" (Wang Furen)

Lu Xun wrote three "hometowns" in Hometown: one in memory, one in reality and one in ideal. The first is the past tense, the second is the present tense and the third is the future tense. The novel highlights the hometown of reality.

"Hometown" in Memory

The hometown in memory is a beautiful hometown with magical colors.

Its "beauty", we can at least feel it from the following aspects:

1. This is a colorful world: there is a "deep blue" sky, a "golden" full moon and a "green" watermelon. Young Runtu has a purple round face, a bright and silvery white collar around his neck, and colorful seashells by the sea.

It is a quiet and vibrant world: when I think of my childhood hometown, the first thing I think of is the dark blue sky, the golden full moon and the green watermelon on the beach. The whole nature is so quiet and serene, but in this quiet world, there is a fresh life. This lively life brings a sense of movement to this quiet world. "A boy of eleven or twelve, with a silver ring around his neck and a steel fork in his hand, stabbed a horse with all his strength. The man twisted and ran away from his crotch." "The moon is underground, you listen, la la ring, yan is biting melon. You are holding a fork and walking gently ... "This is a quiet world, but also a lively world. It is quiet but not dull, lively and not messy. There is movement in stillness, stillness in movement, harmony and nature, which is a refreshing world.

This is a vast and vivid world: what a vast world my hometown is! There are high blue sky, endless sea and vast beaches. But between this vast world, there are all kinds of people and things, such as lively teenagers, Yan, badger pig, hedgehog, rice chicken, horn chicken, herring, blue back, colorful shells, golden full moon, green watermelon ... The world is vast and fresh, not narrow at all.

We can see that the "hometown" in my memory is not only a real world, but also an imaginary world, which is a beautiful picture I imagined in my contact and emotional exchange with teenagers. It is also a reflection of the mental state of the "I" teenager. This soul is pure, natural, lively and sensitive, and at the same time it is full of beautiful fantasy and rich imagination. It is not bound by "the sky at the four corners of the high wall in the yard", but spreads its wings of imagination in the emotional communication with the young leap soil, opening up a vast and beautiful world for itself.

So, how does this vast and beautiful world of young "me" unfold? Because of the natural fusion of two childlike innocence. The teenager's "I" is pure and natural, and so is the teenager's leap soil. The relationship between them is not organized by feudal ethics, but linked by the natural needs of two hearts. Young Runtu does not regard me as a "master" who is nobler than himself, nor as a "poor boy" who is lower than himself. They don't know the inequality between people. The emotional communication between them is unimpeded, without any scruples and hesitation. We can reread the dialogue between them, and feel that they have spoken their own thoughts and spoken their own thoughts. They said these things not to please each other, nor to hurt each other, but to say something of common interest. The hearts of two people are fused together in this unrestrained dialogue, and each of them becomes rich in this fusion. When the boy came to this city, he "saw many things he had never seen before"; Through talking with the teenager Runtu, the teenager "I" seems to have seen a world I have never seen before.

In a word, the "hometown" in my memory is a beautiful world, which is actually the reflection of the beautiful mind of the young "me" and the product of the harmonious spiritual relationship between the young "me" and the young. However, this mentality is not fixed, and this spiritual relationship cannot last long. Social life makes people's hearts heavier and the relationship between people more complicated. When "I" returned to "my hometown after more than 20 years", the "hometown" in this memory was gone forever. At this time, he saw a "realistic hometown" composed of adults.

Second, the real "hometown"

What is the real "hometown" like? We can use this sentence to summarize our specific feelings about this "hometown": it is a "hometown" that has lost its spiritual vitality under the pressure of real social life.

The "hometown" at this time is composed of three different people and their three different spiritual relationships.

1. Tofu beauty is sister-in-law Yang Er.

Sister-in-law Yang Er is a ridiculous, exasperating, hateful and pitiful figure.

Why is she pitiful? Because she's alone. A person needs the guarantee of material life. When a person can't get his minimum material security through normal efforts, in order to save his life, he must get this security through some abnormal and despised means. In this sense, she is worthy of sympathy. She used to run a tofu shop. In order to earn more money, she smeared white powder and sat all day. In fact, she used her young beauty to attract customers. "Because of Iraq, the business of this tofu shop is very good." Beauty is no longer a spiritual need, but a means to obtain material benefits. Material interests became the only purpose of her life. For this purpose, she can sacrifice her moral reputation. When her youth and beauty are gone, she takes everything as a means to obtain material benefits. Her life has completely turned into a material life, a narrow and selfish life. Such people are only close to material interests and have no ability to feel the feelings of others. In this kind of person's feelings, "profit" is "affection" and "affection" is "profit". There is no "feeling" except "benefit", and there is nothing more than a word "benefit" between heaven and earth. She can't feel the sincere feelings of others, and she can't have such feelings for others. "Emotion" has only become a means to gain benefits. In her eyes, there are only "things", only "profits", only "money", but no "people", no people with feelings, morality and spiritual needs. In this world, she can fish, cheat, steal and rob. However, human society exists and develops in interrelation. In order to live and develop together, human beings need spiritual communication, emotional connection, moral cultivation and spiritual quality beautification. A person who has no sense of morality, like Sister Yang Er, a tofu beauty, is always doing things that harm others and benefit themselves, which cannot but arouse people's disgust and even hatred. Therefore, as far as her own tragic fate is concerned, she is pitiful, and as far as her attitude towards others is concerned, she is hateful. What makes her laugh is that long-term narrow selfishness has made her lose her normal feeling about herself. She regards hypocrisy as emotional expression and petty theft as cleverness. She belongs to the so-called "articulate", "quick", "neat" and "not stupid" woman in secular society. But in the eyes of normal people, her cleverness and tricks can't fool people, nor can they fool people. Therefore, people think that her words and deeds are ridiculous. People can't respect her, love her or even really help her. She is a contemptible person.

If the overall characteristics of all the words and deeds of the teenager "I" and the teenager Runtu are natural and pure, then the overall characteristics of all the words and deeds of sister-in-law Yang Er are unnatural and insincere. In her case, everything is exaggerated and distorted according to her own actual interests. As soon as she appeared, she made a kind of "sharp strange sound" and "sudden cry", which was the result of her surprise. Her five senses were also formed in a long-term unnatural life. She has only learned a pair of "thin lips" and a pair of "glib teeth" in her life, but her face is rapidly aging, leaving only a "convex cheekbone" that has no charm of the year. Her standing posture is also unnatural, pretending to be arrogant on purpose. In fact, she has lost her confidence and pride in being a human being, but she hopes others will look up to her and respect her. She has no nostalgia for "me" and no feelings, but she deliberately pretends to have feelings. All she can say is "I hugged you!" Such a trivial fact is very serious, as if it is of great goodwill to me, as if "I" must thank her and firmly remember her importance to him. She doesn't care about others, so she won't know their living conditions and understand their thoughts and feelings. Through her own imagination, she painted other people's lives extremely rich and rich, just to get more benefits from others.

Sister-in-law Yang Er, the beauty of tofu, embodies the characteristics of people who I call "living a hard life". Her life is hard, but this kind of hardship also crushed her moral conscience, making her have no faith, no integrity, no sincere feelings, no morality, selfish and narrow-minded.

2. Adult leap soil.

The young Runtu is a lively and lovely child and an expressive teenager. "His father loves him very much", and his life is full of vitality, freedom of thought and kindness. "It's impossible. It is bound to snow heavily. It snows in our sand. I swept out a clearing, set up a big bamboo plaque with a short stick, and paved the valley. When the bird came to eat, I just pulled the rope tied to the stick at a distance, and the bird was covered under the bamboo plaque. Everything: rice chicken, horn chicken, goose owl, blue back ... ""It's too cold now, come and see us in summer. We go to the seaside to check shells every day. There are all kinds of shells, red and green, and ghosts, so are Guanyin players. In the evening, my father and I will go to see watermelons, and you will go. " "No, people who walk are thirsty. Pick a melon to eat. We don't steal here. What needs to be managed is badger, pig, hedgehog and monkey. The moon is underground. Listen, la la, the swallow is biting the melon. You are holding a Hu fork and walking gently ... ""There is a Hu fork. Here we are. I stab you when I see Yan. This beast is very clever. He ran towards you and ran under his crotch. His fur is as smooth as oil ... "In these words, a fresh life is beating. Compared with the teenager "I", the teenager is more expressive and has more fresh life and fresh feelings to express. Teenagers' knowledge of "I" is more obtained from books, while teenagers' knowledge of leaping over the soil is obtained from nature and from their true feelings about life. He lives in nature and in his own life. He is more like a language artist than the teenager "I". How vivid, fluent and infectious his language is! It immediately attracted the teenager "I" and left an indelible impression on him. However, this energetic and expressive teenager has become a numb and taciturn person. I just feel bitter, but I can't describe it. Why can he feel it when he was a teenager and describe it, but now he can't describe it? Because "at that time, I was still a child and ignorant", but when I was ignorant, I was a lively person. Now I am sensible, but I have become a puppet. Why is this? Because the "thing" mentioned here is actually a set of traditional feudal etiquette and law relations in China, and the feudal hierarchy maintained by this etiquette and law relationship.

What sustains the traditional society in China is a set of feudal etiquette and law relations, and all these feudal etiquette and law relations are based on the unequal relations between people. Kings and subjects, big officials and small officials, bureaucrats and people, teachers and students, fathers and sons, brothers and younger brothers, men and women are all regarded as superior-subordinate relationships. There is no equal status between them and no equal right to speak. The superior is the subordinate, the superior is the command, the command and instruction to the subordinate, and the subordinate is the obedience, taming and obedience to the superior. The reason why Runtu said that he was "not sensible" when he was a child is because according to the relationship between etiquette and law that he now understands, "I" is a young master and he is the son of a long-term worker, and the two are not equal. I respect him. He is very modest. He didn't realize his humble position at that time, and it was extremely inappropriate for him to say so many words in front of "I". But at that time, I was still young, so I can forgive you. Once I am an adult, China people must abide by such a set of etiquette and legal relations. Those who don't abide by this relationship of propriety and law will be regarded as those who don't obey the "rules" and "morality" in China society, and will be punished from all aspects of society. Runtu grew up under the education of such a set of etiquette and law relations. He is an "honest man" and a man of "morality". However, once this relationship of propriety and law is taken as the criterion for dealing with interpersonal relationships, people's thoughts and feelings can't communicate normally and people's hearts can't be integrated. This is a spiritual tragedy between "me" and moistening the soil. I miss moistening the soil, and moistening the soil also misses me. They established an equal and friendly relationship in the state of childlike innocence. This relationship left beautiful, warm and happy memories in the hearts of both of them. When "I" think of my hometown, my first thought is leap soil, but I have been thinking about "I". "Every time he comes to my house, he always asks about you and wants to see you." As long as I think of the scene where he played with "me" when I was a child, I can think that these words of Runtu are by no means ordinary pleasantries. When the two met again, "I" and "I am very excited" and Runtu were also very excited. "My face reveals joy and desolation; Move your lips "shows how many sincere feelings are shaking in his heart! However, the feudal etiquette and law relationship blocked these feelings in his heart, which could not be described and expressed.

His attitude finally respectful, clear call way:

"sir! ……"

Here, we can hear the bloody sound when two originally fused hearts are torn alive. Runtu no longer just regards "I" as an equal and friendly friend. He put "I" in a lofty position beyond his reach. His own pain and sorrow can't be told and expressed in front of such a noble person. This title carries a kind of respect, but it also reveals a kind of "cold". In this "cold" atmosphere, the feelings of "I" have also solidified in my heart. Two hearts are blocked by this name and cannot communicate and merge. So I shivered and knew that there was a "thick barrier of sadness" between two people.

Hometown shows us that only the relationship between boys and boys "I" is in line with human nature. Later, this feudal relationship between etiquette and law was not inherent in human nature, but formed under the pressure of society, which was a distorted human nature. In the development of nature, human beings will not regard themselves as humble and incompetent people. The feudal etiquette concept of people like Runtu was gradually formed under long-term coercive pressure. Society suppresses a person's humanity and his natural vitality, and makes him accustomed to passively enduring all external pressures and all spiritual and material pains. How full of vigor and vitality it is to stab Yan with a fork in your hand! How brave! However, the feudal relationship between etiquette and law gradually suppressed his vitality, leaving him with passive patience in the face of all hardships and misfortunes. Only by realizing that Leap Earth has lost its youthful vigor can we understand why "many children, famine, exorbitant taxes, soldiers, bandits, officials and gentry" can "make him look like a puppet". He has no unfortunate spiritual strength to resist reality, and he regards all this as invincible. He can only endure, endure. He tried not to think about his misfortune and forget his hardships as soon as possible. He no longer dares to feel the world, think about life and think about himself. Over time, his thoughts shriveled, his sensibility shrank, his expressive power weakened, his spirit became numb day by day, and he became a puppet without sensibility, thinking ability and expressive ability. Only religion can give him distant and hazy hope for the future. His spirit is dead and his body is rapidly aging.

Adult leap soil embodies the characteristics of people who "live a hard and numb life" as I said. These people are kind, moral and disciplined. However, traditional morality suppresses human vitality. They lost the vitality of life and became numb under the bondage of feudal morality.

3. Adult "I".

I am a modern intellectual. He has lost the foundation of existence and spiritual foothold in his hometown. Like a wandering soul, he lost his spiritual "hometown".

The intellectuals in ancient China were bureaucratic landlords. Economically, he is a landlord, politically, he is a bureaucrat, and he is a rich and powerful man. But modern intellectuals are people who make a living in cities. They have no solid economic foundation and no political power. In the mind of Yang Er's eldest sister-in-law, the bean curd beauty deserves awe and respect, which is the "rich man" who puts down the "Daotai" and "has three concubines" and goes out to take the "eight-sedan chair". Now "I" is not "rich", I no longer fear and respect him, but become the object that she can plunder and steal at any time. He sympathized with his sister-in-law Yang Er's life fate, but his sister-in-law Yang Er, a tofu beauty, did not sympathize with him. He can't establish a spiritual connection with her. What he felt in her was the helplessness of being discriminated against and plundered. Runtu is a close figure in his heart, but Runtu still regards him as a traditional bureaucrat, landlord and intellectual, so that he can no longer have normal spiritual communication with Runtu. He is mentally lonely. What he seeks is an equal relationship between people, which can't be found in his current "hometown".

In short, the real "hometown" is the "hometown" where the spirit is separated, the vitality of life is lost, and the warm and happy emotional relationship between people is lost.

Three ideal "hometown"

The "hometown" in my memory is beautiful, but it has disappeared. What is recalled and imagined is not so "real". Because it is only the "hometown" in children's naive feelings, not the emotional hometown of an adult who is burdened with life and social pressure. This childlike innocence is fragile and doomed to disappear. Teenagers don't have to bear the pressure of material life, support their families or get involved in the social relations of adults. But people are destined to grow up from teenagers to adults, and adults are destined to make a living independently. Therefore, the "hometown" in the eyes of adults is a more important and authentic "hometown", because it not only determines the fate of adults, but also determines the future of generations of children. However, this realistic "hometown" is painful and lacks vitality and development potential. Sister-in-law Yang Er in Tofu Beauty corrupts the spirit of "hometown" and disintegrates the future of "hometown" with her selfish and narrow desire for material interests, while Runtu maintains the suffering of reality with her patience, so that everything in reality cannot be transformed into a bright future. However, we can't help but hope that our hometown will have a bright future, and we can't help but have the desire to change the reality of our hometown. This is not only because it destroyed the beautiful "hometown" in my memory, but also because the realistic "hometown" decided the fate of generations in my hometown.

The real ideal is not designed out of thin air, nor is it spoken by others. No one is a real ideal. Such an "ideal" does not play an important role in a person's spiritual development, because it cannot go deep into a person's heart. What is dispensable to a person will give up easily when encountering difficulties. A person's real ideal comes from the difference of his different life feelings and from his dissatisfaction with real life and social conditions. As far as my hometown is concerned, I have a beautiful hometown in memory and a painful hometown in reality. The former is beautiful, but it is not the reality of "hometown", nor is it the "hometown" in the real life of all "hometown" people. The real hometown is unbearable. I naturally have a hope that my hometown in reality is as beautiful as my hometown in memory, and that the people in my hometown in reality are as rich in business, full of vitality and as kind and friendly as the young people in my hometown in memory. However, the current "hometown" has become what it is now, and the reality cannot be changed, only the future can be changed. At this time, "I" had an ideal concept of "hometown". Only this kind of ideal is my truest ideal, because it comes from my life.