The original text and appreciation of the Tang poem "Late Autumn in Chang'an"

"Autumn Look at Chang'an" is a poem by Du Mu, a litterateur in the Tang Dynasty. The author of this poem climbed up to a high building to have a bird's-eye view of the entire Chang'an and Zhongnan Mountain. He described the crisp autumn scenery around Chang'an and expressed the poet's unconventional, clear and open mind. Below I bring the original text and appreciation of the Tang poem "Late Autumn in Chang'an".

Original text of "Late Autumn in Chang'an"

The clouds are desolate and the dawn is flowing, and the palaces of the Han Dynasty are moving in the high autumn.

At what time is the remaining star, the wild geese cross the river, and the flute sounds and people lean against the building.

The chrysanthemums are still in the half-opened purple fence, and the lotuses in the red dress are full of sadness.

The perch is beautiful and does not return, so it is empty to wear the southern crown and learn from the prisoner of Chu.

Notes on "Late Autumn in Chang'an"

(1) Clouds: refers to clouds and mists in the sky. Dawn: dawn.

(2) Gaoqiu: late autumn.

(3) Hengsai: crossing the barrier

(4) Liju: chrysanthemums beside the fence. Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty has a poem: "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain."

(5) Hongyi: refers to the red lotus petals

(6) Zhulian: Shuizhou The lotus growing on Nagisa.

(7) Perch Zhengmei: When Sima Jiong, the king of Qi in the Western Jin Dynasty, was in power, Zhang Han (also known as Jiying) was the chief minister of Dongcao. He foresaw that Sima Jiong would be defeated, and because of the autumn wind, he missed the delicious water shield and seabass in his hometown of Suzhou, so he gave up his official position and returned home. Soon Sima Jiong was indeed killed. The matter can be found in "Book of Jin·Biography of Zhang Han". Later, this story was used to express homesickness

(8) Nanguan: Chuguan.

Translation of "Late Autumn in Chang'an"

At dawn in autumn, the clouds and mists in the sky carry the chill of dawn, and the surrounding palaces of the Tang Dynasty present a scene of late autumn. At what time is the remaining star, a group of wild geese are flying from outside the Great Wall, and someone is leaning on the building playing the flute, with melodious tunes. The half-open chrysanthemums on the fence are purple in color, silently, the lotus flowers on the water are withered, and the red clothes are all removed. The fish in my hometown are beautiful, but I can't go back, but I have to wear a Nanguan like Zhong Yi, and imitate the prisoners of Chu to stay in other places.

Appreciation 1 of "Late Autumn in Chang'an"

This is a hymn to the high autumn. It is titled "Looking at Autumn in Chang'an", but the focus is not on the last word "looking", but on praising the autumn colors of Chang'an in the distance. The style of "Autumn" is the direct object that the poet wants to express.

The first sentence points out the foothold of "hope". The "yi" in "The building leans outside the frost tree" means to lean on, emphasizing the majestic posture of the tall building you are climbing: "Wai" means "to go up". In autumn, most of the leaves of trees after frost have fallen off, making them even more tall and tall. The buildings are higher than the frost trees. Only from such a footing can we have an overview of Chang'an's autumn scenery and fully appreciate it. Its lofty and pure beauty. So this sentence is actually the starting point and foundation of the whole poem. Without it, there would be nothing seen in "Looking".

The second sentence writes about the sky seen in the vision. "There is not a speck in the mirror sky" means that the sky is as bright and clear as a spotless mirror, without a single shadow of cloud. This is a typical feature of Tianyu in autumn. This sky, which is so clear and so pure that it is almost empty, further expresses the lofty and vast outline of the autumn sky. At the same time, it also describes the poet's refreshing feeling and lofty and pure state of mind at that time.

"Nanshan Mountain and autumn colors are both powerful." The third sentence turns to Zhongnan Mountain in the distance. Comparing it with "autumn colors", the Nanshan Mountain in the distance seems to compete with the boundless autumn colors with its majestic majesty reaching into the clouds.

Nanshan is a concrete and tangible individual thing, while "Autumn Colors" is abstract and imaginary. It is a collection and summary of many specific things with the characteristics of autumn scenery. It seems difficult to compare the two. But this poem uniquely uses Nanshan to set off the autumn colors. Autumn color is difficult to describe. It exists in all autumn scenery, and different authors have different viewing angles and feelings about autumn color. Some choose it to be desolate and desolate, some choose it to be bright and clear, and some choose it to be lofty. Very small. The author of this poem obviously prefers to appreciate the high and far-reaching autumn colors, which can be clearly seen from the description of the first two sentences. However, it is difficult to describe the "highness" of autumn completely (at this point, it is very different from describing the "sadness" and "qing" of autumn), especially its lofty and endless momentum. It can only be understood, and it is difficult to describe it. explain in words.

In this case, using reality to support reality becomes an effective artistic method. The concrete and tangible Nanshan Mountain sets off the abstract and vague autumn colors. Through the poem "Nanshan Mountain and Autumn Colors, the momentum is both high", readers can not only concretely feel the "highness" of "Autumn Colors", but also its momentum and spirit. I also have some understanding of my character and personality.

The advantage of this poem is that it not only describes the autumn scenery of Chang'an but also the poet's spiritual character. It is closer to freehand painting. The lofty, narrow and clear autumn colors are actually the symbol and externalization of the poet's mind. Especially the last sentence of the poem gives the Nanshan Mountain and the autumn colors a steep and upward dynamic, which more clearly shows the poet's character and temperament, and also makes the whole poem end in a vigorous momentum, leaving ample room for imagination. .

Poems of the late Tang Dynasty tend to be soft and charming, lacking in strong and strong bones. This five-character short chapter is written with lofty artistic conception and vigorous momentum. It is similar to "Ascend the Stork Tower" by Wang Zhihuan, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, although it is still slightly inferior in terms of majesty and natural harmony. (Liu Xuekai)

Appreciation 2 of "Late Autumn in Chang'an"

This seven-rhyme poem describes the scenery of Chang'an at dawn in late autumn and the mood of longing for home after traveling through the poet's vision.

Shoulian takes charge of the Chang'an security situation. On a late autumn dawn, the poet looked from a high distance and saw the cold and desolate clouds and mist drifting slowly in front of his eyes. The palaces and pavilions in the city were floating under his feet. The scene was misty and magnificent. The word "desolate" in the poem is both objective and subjective. The coldness of autumn really reflects the desolation of the mood. It is these two words that set the tone of depression for the entire poem.

The chin couplet is written looking up. "What time is the remaining star" refers to seeing, "the sound of the flute" refers to hearing; "wild geese crossing the barrier" refers to momentum, and "man leaning on the building" refers to static. The arrangement of scenes describing what is seen, heard, and heard is quite ingenious. The few remaining stars and the array of wild geese returning south are the most characteristic scenery in the sky at dawn in the autumn night; the sound of flutes from high-rise buildings also adds emotional charm to it. The morning light first appeared, and there were still a few remaining starlights in the western half of the sky. Another group of autumn geese flew in the northern sky to avoid the cold. The poet's attention was fascinated by this scene, and suddenly he heard the sound of a flute coming leisurely. Looking for the sound, on the tall building in the distance, someone could vaguely be seen playing the transverse flute with his back leaning on the railing. The sound of the flute is so melodious and sad. Are you lamenting that life is as fleeting as the morning star, or are you homesick for your hometown and people far away because of the returning geese? Flute player, although you are expressing your innermost feelings, have you ever thought of you? Is the sound of the flute so depressing to the listener? One couplet is a famous line from Zhao Gu. According to the fifty-sixth volume of "Tang Poetry Chronicles", the poet Du Mu was so impressed by this that he called Zhao Gu "Zhao Yilou". Du Mu admired it so highly, probably because of its typical scene selection and clear charm.

The neck couplet is written overlooking. The night has faded and the morning light is bright, and the scenery before us is clearly visible: clusters of purple chrysanthemums beside the bamboo fence seem to have not yet bloomed, and their demeanor is very elegant and quiet; the lotus flowers in the pond have shed their red clothes one by one, only The withered lotus leaves and fallen leaves are left behind, and the face is filled with sadness. Purple chrysanthemums are half blooming and red lotuses are withering, which is the seasonal flower scene in late autumn. The chrysanthemums are described as "quiet" and the lotuses are described as "sad". They empathize with things and imitate things as people. They are not only expressive in image, but also rich in flavor. subjective color. Seeing the haggard and sad withered lotuses in front of us, and recalling the red lotuses in the pond in the past, one can't help but feel sad that beauty ages quickly and good times are fleeting. The quiet and elegant purple chrysanthemums beside the fence are like a gentleman, which makes people even more sad. People recall Tao Yuanming who "picked chrysanthemums under the eastern fence", and spontaneously feel the desire to return to the three paths of seclusion - writing chrysanthemums and adding the word " fence ", is this the meaning, right?

The above three couplets Describing the autumn scenery far and near in Chang'an City in the early morning, all trigger the poet's loneliness and melancholy; the last couplet expresses his heart and expresses the poet's determination to return: The flavor of the sea bass in my hometown is perfect at this time. If I don't go back to enjoy it, I will be a prisoner. It seems that I have stayed in the capital of this place, why did I come here? "The bass is beautiful", using the story of Zhang Han in the Western Jin Dynasty, expressing the feelings of hometown and thoughts of retirement; the next sentence uses the story of Spring and Autumn Bell Ceremony, "Dai Nanguan learned from the prisoner of Chu" "And saying "empty" is a bitter statement that it is useless to stay in Chang'an and that it is not too late to return to seclusion.

The scenery in the poem is not only divided into wide and narrow, far and near, high and low, but also reflects the changes in the sky from dark to light over time. In particular, the two couplets about the jaw and neck combine typical scenery with specific emotional effects. The language of scenery is the language of love.

Arrays of wild geese and chrysanthemums are common sights in late autumn. The wild geese returning to the south and the chrysanthemums on the eastern fence go hand in hand with the mood of homesickness and seclusion. The poet included these images in the poem to give people rich hints; in addition, The exaggeration of the desolate atmosphere at dawn, the contrast of the high-rise flute rhyme, and the use of allusions about returning to the poem make the whole poem profound and harmonious, and the style steep and fresh.

"Late Autumn in Chang'an" lesson plan design

[Teaching Objectives]:

1. Understand the layering of scene descriptions.

2. Understand the desolate emotional tone of the poets of the late Tang Dynasty.

3. Understand the poet’s sorrowful thoughts while traveling.

[Teaching Focus]:

The layering of scenery description and the artistic conception created by the poet.

[Teaching Process]:

1. Check:

Knowledge related to "Untitled" and "Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days".

2. Introduction of new lessons:

Although the poetry of the Late Tang Dynasty has lost the majesty of the poetry of the High Tang Dynasty in terms of meteorological pattern, the poets of the Late Tang Dynasty continued to work on the basis of innovation and change in the Mid-Tang Dynasty. Digging forward, the Kingdom of Poetry is still a splendid scene, with many outstanding poets appearing. Today we come into contact with another poet in the late Tang Dynasty, Zhao Gu. Study his "Late Autumn in Chang'an"

3. Self-reading and solve basic problems by translating the whole poem

1. Translation, center: At dawn in autumn, the cold and cool clouds and mist slowly Wandering around, the surroundings of the Han family's palace showed a scene of late autumn. At what time is the remaining star, a group of wild geese are flying from outside the Great Wall, and someone is leaning on the building playing the flute, with melodious tunes. The half-opened chrysanthemums on the fence are purple in color, silently, the lotus flowers on the water are withered, and the red leaves are all gone. The fish in my hometown are beautiful, but I can't go back, but I have to wear a Nanguan like Zhong Yi, and imitate the prisoners of Chu to stay in other places.

This rhymed poem describes the scenery of Chang'an at dawn in late autumn and the mood of thinking about returning home through the poet's vision.

2. Key words: Fushu Palace (building, and "que" is the segment of the word, also called "piece") cross (fly over) the plug

3. Allusion: The bass is beautiful - Sima Jiong came to power, Zhang Han resigned and returned home to express his homesickness.

Nanguan Chu prisoners - Jinhou, Zhongyi (prisoners of Chu state), south, Chu land; "Nanguan" means prisoners or prisoners of war.

4. Grasp the content: Students read the poem silently and combine the text notes to clarify the content of the poem. Have students recite.

5. Ask a few students.

4. Content analysis:

1. First couplet: Overview of Chang’an’s scene. On a late autumn dawn, the poet looked up from a height. The cold and desolate clouds and mist drifted slowly in front of his eyes. The palaces and pavilions in the city were floating under his feet. The scene was misty and magnificent.

Thinking: What is the role of the word "desolate"?

Clarity: The word "desolate" in the poem is both objective and subjective. The coldness of autumn really reflects the mood. The desolation. It is these two words that set the tone for the entire poem.

2. Chin couplet: looking up. The morning light first saw a few remaining starlights in the western half of the sky, and another group of autumn geese flying in the northern sky to avoid the cold. The poet's attention was attracted by this scene, and suddenly he heard a flute coming leisurely, with a melodious and sad sound. Is he lamenting that life is as fleeting as the morning star, or is he homesick for his hometown and people far away because of the returning geese? The flute player only expresses his innermost feelings, but he never thought that the sound of the flute would make the listener so sad!

Thinking: Try to analyze the beauty of these two poems.

Make it clear: "What time is the broken star" refers to seeing, "the sound of the flute" refers to hearing; "wild geese crossing the barrier" refers to momentum, and "man leaning on the building" refers to static. The arrangement of scenes describing what is seen, heard, and heard is unique. The few remaining stars and the array of flying geese returning south are the most characteristic sights in the sky at dawn on an autumn night; the sound of flutes from high-rise buildings also adds emotional charm to it. Its beauty lies in its typical scene selection and clear and far-reaching charm.

(The use of movement to contrast silence is not only the tranquility of the environment, but also the tranquility of the characters' focused expressions and entranced mood. Suddenly a flute came through the air, how thrilling, gut-wrenching, and heartbreaking . Du Fu admired this sentence very much, and the author is also known as "Zhao Yilou". See the notes under the lesson ①)

3. Neck couplet: write overlooking.

The night has faded and the morning light is bright, and the scenery before us is clearly visible: clusters of purple chrysanthemums beside the bamboo fence seem to have not yet bloomed, and their demeanor is very elegant and quiet; the lotus flowers in the pond have shed their red clothes one by one, only Leave behind the withered lotus and fallen leaves, with a sad face.

Thinking: What role do "purple chrysanthemum" and "red lotus" play in expressing the poet's emotions?

Clarity: the purple chrysanthemum is half-opened and the red lotus is withered, which is the season of late autumn. Flowers, chrysanthemums with "quietness", and lotuses with "sadness" are all empathetic to objects and imitate objects as people. They are not only expressive in image, but also contain a strong subjective color. Seeing the haggard and sad withered lotus in front of us, and recalling the red lotus in the past, people can't help but feel sad that beauty ages quickly and good times are fleeting; while the quiet and elegant purple chrysanthemums beside the fence are like a gentleman, which makes people feel sad. When people think of "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence", they spontaneously feel the desire to go into seclusion.

4. The last couplet: express your mind. Expressing the poet's determination to return resolutely: The flavor of the sea bass in my hometown is just perfect right now. I won't go back to enjoy it, but I stay in the capital like a prisoner in a place of right and wrong. Why come? "The sea bass is perfect", as quoted from Zhang Han's story in the Western Jin Dynasty, It expresses the feelings of hometown and the thoughts of retreat; the next sentence uses the ritual of Spring and Autumn Period, "Wear Nanguan to learn from the prisoners of Chu" and "empty" is a bitter statement that it is useless to stay in Chang'an and that it is not advisable to return to seclusion later.

5. Thinking:

"Reading and Discussion" 1