"Speech in Commemoration of the Centenary of Voltaire's Death": Discuss the language features of this paragraph and give examples

Speech to commemorate the centenary of Voltaire’s death

1. Teaching objectives:

Overall perception, understanding of Voltaire’s contribution to mankind, and feelings Hugo's admiration for Voltaire

his admiration.

Experience Hugo’s passionate speech style and understand the profound meaning contained in poetic language.

Learn the author’s method of capturing Voltaire’s two characteristics of “pen” and “smile” to portray his “fighter” and

“wise man” images.

2. Teaching focus and difficulty:

1. Understand Voltaire’s contribution to human civilization, and understand Hugo’s high evaluation of Voltaire and the contemporary role of Enlightenment thought analysis.

2. Understand the profound meaning of key words and phrases in the text.

3. Teaching arrangement: 2 class hours

4. Teaching process:

1. Introduction:

Combined with pre-class preview, Share the information you have found with your classmates, such as: the "Cola Incident" that shocked Europe in 1762, and Voltaire's defense of Sylvain, Montbay, Labar and others, and his efforts to exonerate and rehabilitate them. Stories of fame. You can also introduce the life experiences and achievements of Voltaire and Hugo.

Starting today, we will spend two lessons learning a speech to get closer to two outstanding figures in France: Voltaire and Victor Hugo. There was a whole century difference between them. Voltaire died of illness in 1778 and Hugo was born in 1802. The two of them did not have face-to-face interactions. However, everyone who has read this article will be infected by Hugo's love and admiration for Voltaire.

2. Read the full text and gain overall perception

1. Clarify the structure:

Part One: (1) Introduction to Voltaire’s extraordinary role in human history status and the era in which he lived, he spoke highly of his century-old contribution.

Part Two: (2-9) Praise Voltaire’s great achievements and evaluate his outstanding contributions from two aspects.

1. 2-8 introduces his enlightening role in the field of thought.

2. 9 Introducing his active participation in real and specific struggles to defend individual persecutors. It was ideological enlightenment and realistic concern that made Voltaire great.

Part Three: (10-12) Praise for Voltaire’s extraordinary personality. Hugo specifically praised Voltaire's "wise smile". This smile contains philosophical sadness and the dawn of dawn. With his wise smile, he illuminated truth, justice, kindness and honesty, and gave birth to the eternal spiritual pursuit of mankind such as equality, fraternity, reason and peace.

Part 4: (13-14) Introducing Voltaire’s significance of the times. Voltaire marked a new era, and the new era needed Voltaire. Hugo expressed his determination and belief in pursuing Voltaire and fighting the darkness to the end.

2． Read Section 1 emotionally and let students think and answer the following questions:

a. Find the word and sentence in stanza l that best reflect Hugo's evaluation of Voltaire.

b. Why did Hugo think Voltaire was immortal?

c. How does the world treat the death of Voltaire? What about Hugo?

Summarize the students’ speeches and raise awareness: Voltaire was blessed and cursed all because he declared war on the old society.

Clearly:

a. "Superstar", "Voltaire is not only a person, he is a century."

b. Because he lived a long life, wrote a lifetime of works, and also shouldered the responsibility of cultivating conscience and educating mankind.

c. There are two attitudes in the world: curses and blessings. Hugo believed that these are the two most beautiful forms of honor.

3. Organize students to discuss freely and understand Hugo's evaluation of Voltaire.

Use the key sentences in the text and the information found to understand Hugo’s evaluation.

4: Voltaire was a great man from centuries ago. What did Hugo say about him? Ask students to think independently and find sentences in the article that can express the image of Voltaire. Summarizing the students' speeches, the analysis concluded that Voltaire in the article showed two images: fighter and wise man.

Clearly: For example: in stanza 8, "he fights alone", "has the warmth of women and the anger of heroes, he has a great mind and a boundless heart"; in stanza 1l, "from this profound There was a smile in his eyes."

5. Analyze the image of the "fighter". Organize students to read and discuss on their own:

a. What is the reason for the struggle?

b. Who is the target?

c. In what way?

d. What is the specific performance?

e. What is the result?

Clearly:

a. The reasons for the times: ignorance of the people, ignorance of religion, autocratic monarchy, and darkness of the judiciary. ‘

b. Target: Court, nobility, financial world, church.

c. Method: alone, with a pen (as light as the wind, as fierce as thunder and lightning).

d. Performance: Defended Sylvain, Mombai, Callas, Labar.

e. Result: victory.

6． Summarize the students' analysis results and summarize and improve: Voltaire is the "Father of French Thought". He experienced the transition period from the heyday to the decline of monarchy and brought the voice of freedom and democracy to the people at that time. Guide students to say Say the sentence that touches you the most, and talk about your understanding based on the image of Lu Xun.

Clearly: (image of a stubborn fighter)

7. Analyze the image of the "wise man". : What characteristics of Voltaire did Hugo capture?

Clearly: Capture Voltaire’s “deep eyes” and “wise smile” to describe.

8. Teachers and students worked together on Reading Section 12 to understand how Hugo described Voltaire's "smile"

Clearly: read aloud with emotion and be able to read Hugo's excitement. Mood and emotion. Understand the writer's use of "smile" to present Voltaire's achievements. 9. Question: Why did you choose this characteristic to describe?

Clearly: For the fighter? The "smile" creates the greatest contrast in the image, and can express Voltaire's

character, and the infection effect is stronger

3. Raise awareness and expand ideas:

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1. 1. Hugo grasped Voltaire’s “pen” and “smile” and created the image of a “fighter” and a “wise man”. In Hugo’s view, Voltaire “is a wise man.” "The arrival of a new era". Ask students to think about the reasons.

Clear: Combined with Section 13, you can realize that Voltaire brought the spirit of freedom and democratic ideas among people, causing a complete change in people's thinking. .

2. Guide students to understand from the perspective of "people" and "citizens", "powers" and "responsibilities" that "to be a person, we must exercise our rights; to be a citizen , we must fulfill our duties".

Clearly: Read the text carefully, discuss and exchange opinions, and be able to realize that: as human beings, we have the right to pursue freedom and democracy; as citizens, we have The duty to abide by the law.

3. Explanation: The significance of Voltaire’s image is that he does not represent administrative power, but the power of the monarch and the authority of religion in the era in which he lived. , restraining people; and Voltaire’s purpose is to overthrow authority and establish freedom. (In order to help students understand, student discussions must be organized.

Clearly: imagine the historical reality of the 18th century, through teachers as much as possible. explanation and understand Hugo’s remarks and evaluation of Voltaire. When you encounter points that you cannot understand, you should ask the teacher or communicate with your classmates.

Summary the full text and appreciate the language characteristics

1. At the end of the speech, a call is usually made to reach the highest point of emotion. Choose a student voice

Recite the last paragraph passionately.

2. Question: What did Hugo write after praising Voltaire?

3. What is Hugo's purpose in writing about these philosophical pioneers?

4. Organize students to discuss, combine the characteristics of the speech, and experience Hugo's passionate and romantic language.

1. Combining your own understanding of the text and reading stanza 14 with emotion, you can read the author's passion.

2. The author associates Voltaire with a group of philosophical greats: Rousseau, Diderot, Montesquieu and other pioneer philosophers. ,

3. Answer: Reaffirm the importance of freedom, democracy and truth, encourage people to inherit the spirit of their predecessors and declare war on reality.

4． Fully discuss and speak actively. You can talk about it based on the works you have read by Hugo.

Summary of this lesson

This article is one of Hugo's famous speeches. The whole text runs through the spirit of freedom, democracy, and peace, and shines with the light of truth. Focusing closely on Voltaire's ideological achievements, the author uses passionate and romantic language to review Voltaire's pen, Voltaire's struggle alone, as well as his smile and wisdom, and thus paints a picture of a "fighter" "The image of "the wise man". There are many sentences with profound meaning and timeless connotation in the article, which need to be understood in detail based on the background of the times and the experiences of the characters.

Supplementary information

Voltaire’s real name was Fran?ois Marie Arouet. He was born in a family of court notaries in Paris in 1694. “Voltaire” was A pen name that people are most familiar with.

On the French border near Geneva, there is a small town called Fernet. Ertai came to live in a small town to escape political persecution. He completed many important works here, including the famous philosophical novels "Candide" and "The Innocent Man". At the same time, he was also engaged in various political and social struggles, especially his struggle to vindicate cases of religious persecution such as the "Cola Incident", which caused a sensation throughout Europe and won him high honors. European progressives respectfully called him the "Priest of Fernay", and the town of Fernay where he lived was called the town of Voltaire, and it once became the center of European public opinion.

There is a statue commemorating Voltaire in the town, and his former residence is nearby. This bronze statue is not too high. Voltaire stands on a rock base with a smile, his back slightly arched, his hair shawl, wearing a coat, and holding a cane, as if he had just returned from somewhere. A steady stream of rain dripped from his knotted eyebrows and the hem of his coat. From the facial expressions of the statue, especially the naughty smile, you can see a kind of tenacity, ironic intelligence and insightful wisdom. It is hard to imagine that this little old man became the standard bearer of the Enlightenment and a leading figure in the ideological world more than 300 years ago, and the whole of Europe had to listen to his voice.

During his lifetime, Voltaire admired Chinese culture and once claimed to be a student of Confucius and Kangxi. Among the major works listed in the inscription is his play "The Orphan of China" based on the Yuan Dynasty drama "The Orphan of Zhao".

In February 1778, the 84-year-old enlightened figure returned to Paris after an absence of many years. The public cheered and paid tribute to him far more than the formal courtesy to an emperor. This is the culmination of his career and honor. On May 30 of the same year, Voltaire died of illness.

Voltaire

Voltaire (1694-1778) was originally named Fran?ois-Marie Arouet, and Voltaire was his pen name. He was born in Paris. He received a good education since childhood and showed intelligence. He loved literature since he was a child and determined to be a writer. After graduating from middle school, he became an unemployed writer. After the rise of the Enlightenment, Voltaire became the standard-bearer of the Enlightenment. In 1717, Voltaire was thrown into the Bastille and imprisoned for 11 months for writing satirical works that attacked the promiscuous life in the court.

In 1718, he published the tragedy (Oedipus Rex) and performed it in Paris. It was warmly welcomed by the audience and he became famous in one fell swoop. From then on, he used the pen name of Voltaire. Later, Voltaire was exiled from France for offending a nobleman and set off for England. While in England, he studied Newton's scientific achievements and Locke's philosophical works. In 1729, he returned to France and created the historical drama "Brudus" and the tragedy "Cher", which were successful. At the same time, he ran a business and made a lot of profits, which enabled him to live a comfortable life. In 1734, Voltaire published "British Correspondence", which introduced British politics, religion, science and philosophy in the form of letters, criticized the religious sectarian struggles in France, and expressed his own philosophical and religious views. The book was banned by the authorities and burned in public. After that, Voltaire lived in a secluded castle on the border of Lorain province for 14 years. During this period, he wrote a large number of works, published under different pen names, attacking the reactionary rule of the church and feudal system from all aspects. Voltaire's fame grew, and many dignitaries began to associate with him in order to gain fame, such as the Crown Prince of Prussia, Frederick (later Frederick II); France also admitted him to the French Academy in 1746. However, he later discovered that feudal rulers, including Frederick II, did not really agree with his views, and he determined not to have any dealings with any monarch. In 1755, he settled in Verne, on the border between France and Switzerland. After that, he continued to write and published immortal masterpieces such as the philosophical novel "Candide" and "The Innocent Man". He also protested for Carla, a Protestant who was tortured to death by a French court, and eventually forced the French government to rehabilitate Carla. Voltaire's determined struggle awakened more and more French people, destroyed the prestige of the church, and paved the way for the coming bourgeois democratic revolution. As Voltaire's prestige grew, the feudal rulers had to make some concessions in order to cater to the needs of the people. In 1778, Voltaire was welcomed into Paris as a great man by the people of Paris. At that time, the whole city of Paris was in a sensation. The Paris Theater premiered his newly written tragedy "Ilana". The actors carried his marble bust on the stage and held a laurel ceremony for it. He died in Verne at the end of May of that year. After Voltaire's death, he was first buried in a small chapel in the province of Champagne; during the French Revolution in 1791, the people transported his remains to the famous Panthéon in Paris for reburial. At that time, his hearse read this sentence: He teaches us to be free.” Voltaire wrote many works. He opposed feudal autocracy and religious superstition, advocated the principles of freedom and equality, and advocated that people should be equal before the law.

Enlightenment