What are the basic methods to put out the initial fire?

What are the basic methods to put out the initial fire?

What are the basic methods to put out the initial fire? One of the most terrible disasters in our life is fire, and the most common one is fire. Because there are many hidden dangers in our life, what are the basic methods to put out the initial fire?

What are the basic methods to put out the initial fire? 1 There are four ways to put out the initial fire: cooling fire extinguishing method, suffocation fire extinguishing method, isolation fire extinguishing method and suppression fire extinguishing method. Among them, asphyxiation fire extinguishing method is used for closed fires such as rooms and containers, and isolation fire extinguishing method is suitable for fighting all kinds of explosion, liquid, solid and gas fires.

Fire refers to the disaster caused by burning out of control in time or space. In the new standard, fire is defined as burning out of control in time or space.

Among all kinds of disasters, fire is one of the most frequent and common major disasters that threaten public safety and social development. According to the types and combustion characteristics of combustible materials, they can be divided into six categories: A, B, C, D, E and F.

Fire source is the birthplace of fire and the direct cause of combustion and explosion, so it is necessary to control 10 all kinds of fire sources to prevent fires, such as all kinds of open flames that people light every day.

Basic knowledge of initial fire fighting

"First fire" generally refers to the first fire 15 minutes, that is, the first fire. At the beginning of the fire, this stage is characterized by large smoke, small combustible burning area, low flame, weak radiant heat and slow fire development, which is the last fire extinguishing.

If found in time and handled properly, the fire can be put out quickly with less manpower and simple fire extinguishers.

1, furniture and bedding caught fire? Usually, water is used to put out fires. Sprinkle water on the flame with articles such as washbasin containing water around you, or connect the water pipe to the faucet to spray fire; At the same time, the combustible materials near the ignition point will be wetted to cool down, but the oil appliances cannot be put out with water when they catch fire.

2. What should I do if there is an electrical fire? When household appliances or lines catch fire, cut off the power supply first, and then use dry powder fire extinguisher or gas fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. Don't splash water directly to prevent electric shock or electric explosion from hurting people.

3. What should I do if the gas tank is on fire? Cover the fire with wet bedding or clothes and close the valve quickly.

4. What should I do if the oil pan is on fire? When the oil pan is on fire, close the gas valve of the cooker quickly, cover it directly with a pot cover or a wet rag, and do not pour water into the oil pan to put out the fire.

5. What should I do if the TV is on fire? Never water the TV in case it catches fire. You can use a quilt cover after cutting off the power supply. When putting out the fire, you can only get close to the TV from the side to prevent the explosion of the picture tube from hurting people. If you put out the fire with a fire extinguisher, don't shoot directly at the TV screen to avoid sudden explosion when heating and cooling.

Basic methods of fire fighting

When putting out a fire, basic methods such as interception, fast break, smoke exhaust and isolation should be taken in time according to different situations.

1, intercept

Blocking the fire, preventing or slowing down the spread of the fire, or eliminating the fire in the process of blocking, is the basic method of combining active defense with active attack.

In practical application, when the unit firemen can't get close to the fire site, they should resolutely set up water gun positions and water curtains in the spreading direction according to the fire object and the actual situation of the fire site, and close fire doors, fire shutters and smoke screens. Stop the fire from spreading, prevent the fire from spreading.

2. Fast break

When firefighters can get close to the fire source, they should quickly use the surrounding fire extinguishing equipment to put out the fire and control the fire at the early stage of low temperature and little smoke.

3. Smoke extraction

Using doors, windows and holes to exhaust high-temperature smoke in buildings is an important measure to guide the direction of fire spread and reduce fire losses.

Step 4 isolate

According to the needs of fire fighting, the burning area is divided into two or several fighting sections, and the forces are deployed to extinguish the fire respectively.

Common sense of initial fire fighting

1, when a fire alarm occurs, it is necessary to specify the alarm elements.

If you find a fire, you should call the police immediately. The call number is 1 19 or 10. The alarm should tell the location of xx road, what road it is close to, where it burns, whether anyone is trapped and so on. You can also tell the specific location of the trapped person through the mobile phone.

2, gas fire is very dangerous, cutting off the gas source is the key.

When the liquefied gas bottle is on fire, it can be covered with wet towel and rag to put out the fire, and the valve can be quickly closed. If it can't be tightly sealed, you can plug the leak with soap and quickly move it to an outdoor open place.

Don't panic when the gas leaks, cut off the gas, and prohibit open doors and windows with naked flame.

When gas leakage is found, cut off the gas source quickly, open the doors and windows for ventilation, and do not turn on the lights, turn off the lights and start any electrical appliances.

4, the oil pan is on fire, remember that turning off the fire and closing the lid will suffocate.

When the oil pan is on fire, immediately cut off the fire source, cover the oil pan with a pot cover to suffocate it, or pour the cut vegetables into the pan to cool the oil temperature to extinguish the fire.

5. Keep a fire extinguisher at home to spray the flame out in time.

Families can be equipped with dry powder fire extinguishers. When using, pull out the safety pin, stand in the upwind direction, hold the nozzle, press the handle and aim at the root of the flame.

6. Don't run when there is a fire, roll on the spot to suppress the flame.

If your clothes are on fire, don't run. Quickly put out the flame with heavy clothes.

What are the basic methods to put out the initial fire? 2. The basic method to put out the initial fire is to take some measures to destroy the basic conditions necessary for combustion according to the state and mode of burning substances. Specifically, there are the following.

(a), cooling fire extinguishing method

Cooling fire extinguishing method is to spray fire extinguishing agent directly on combustible materials, so that the temperature of combustible materials is reduced below the self-ignition point, thus stopping combustion. Fire extinguishing with water, its main function is to cool down and put out the fire. Generally speaking, when a substance catches fire, water can be used to cool the fire.

In the fire field, in addition to directly extinguishing the fire by cooling method, unburned combustible materials are often cooled with water to prevent them from reaching the ignition point and catching fire; Water can also be used to cool building components, production equipment or containers to prevent them from being deformed or exploded by heat.

(2) Isolation fire extinguishing method

Isolation fire extinguishing method is to isolate or evacuate combustible materials from nearby combustible materials, so as to stop burning. This method is suitable for extinguishing all kinds of solid, liquid and gas fires.

There are many specific measures to isolate and extinguish the fire. For example, transfer flammable and explosive substances near the fire source to a safe place; Close the valve on the equipment or pipeline to prevent combustible gas and liquid from flowing into the combustion zone;

Eliminate combustible gas and liquid in production devices and containers, and block and evacuate combustible liquid or diffused combustible gas; Demolition of flammable building structures near the fire source to form a space area to prevent the fire from spreading.

(3) asphyxiation fire extinguishing method

Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method, that is, taking appropriate measures to prevent air from entering the combustion zone, or diluting the oxygen content in the air with inert gas, so that the burning substances are extinguished due to lack of oxygen or oxygen, is suitable for fire extinguishing in closed spaces, production equipment and containers.

What are the basic methods to put out the initial fire? 3. Eliminating initial fire will reduce fire losses and eliminate fire casualties. At the beginning of the fire, the burning area was small and the fire was weak. If the correct fire fighting method can be adopted, the fire will be put out quickly before it forms. According to statistics, in past fires, more than 70% people were put out at the beginning of the fire. We should nip fire in the bud.

First, the principle of initial fire fighting

1, control first, elimination

For fires that cannot be put out in time, we must first control the spread and expansion of the fire, and then put it out in one fell swoop on this basis. For example, after the gas pipeline is on fire, immediately close the valve, turn off the gas source, plug the leakage point, prevent the gas from spreading, and protect other facilities threatened by fire. When the fire spreads from one end of the building to the other, it must be controlled from a proper position in the middle.

Control first, and then put out the fire. They are closely related and cannot be completely separated. Especially for the initial fire fighting, fire development control and fire fighting, there is no fundamental boundary between them, and they are almost simultaneous. This principle should be applied flexibly according to the fire and its own strength.

Saving lives is more important than putting out fires.

Someone in the fire is surrounded by fire. The first thing to do is to save people from fire and water, which means saving people is better than putting out the fire. In the actual operation of disasters, people can be saved and put out at the same time according to the personnel and fire, but the opportunity to save people must not be delayed because of fire fighting.

3. Concentrate first, then summarize

When fighting the first fire, we should fully understand and analyze the fire situation and distinguish the key points from the general ones. In most cases, the focus of fire is compared with the general focus. Generally speaking, people are more important than things, precious materials are more important than general materials, and fire spread is more important than areas where fire spread slowly. Places with the danger of explosion, poisoning and collapse are more important than places without such danger.

4, fast, accurate and coordinated operations

The fire starts faster and faster, and it is more and more accurate to put out the fire in advance, which is more and more conducive to controlling the fire before it spreads.

Coordinated operation refers to the close cooperation of actions, and refers to the coordination between all organizations and individuals in the process of fire fighting.

Second, the basic rescue methods of initial fire

1, isolation method

Demolition of flammable and combustible buildings connected to the fire site, or the use of water curtain to form a barrier to prevent the spread of fire, and separate the burning area from the unburned area. On the premise of ensuring safety, the flammable and combustible liquids and gases in the fire site equipment or containers are discharged, discharged and transferred to a safe area.

2. Cooling method

Use water guns, fire extinguishers, etc. Fire extinguishing agents such as water are sprayed in the combustion area, and the coolant directly acting on the cooling of the combustibles is sprayed on other unburned combustibles or buildings near the combustibles to prevent the fire from spreading. Cooling building components, production equipment and containers with water to prevent thermal deformation and explosion.

3, suffocation fire extinguishing method

Cover the room with nonflammable or nonflammable substances, such as wet quilts, wet sacks and asbestos blankets. In case of fire, all doors, windows and holes in the combustion area will be closed to prevent air and other combustion-supporting materials from entering, and oxygen will automatically go out when it disappears.