How to build a reasonable pig farm?

How to build a pig farm is more reasonable, and how to calculate the cost of the pig farm?

I. Site Selection

1. Topography

Pig farms generally require clean and open terrain, high terrain, dryness, flat or gentle slope, and lee to the sun.

2. Convenient transportation

Pig farms must be selected in places with convenient transportation. However, due to the epidemic prevention needs of pig farms and the pollution to the surrounding environment, it is not allowed to be too close to the main roads, and it is best to be more than 400 meters away from the main roads and 500 meters away from residential areas. If there are barriers such as fences, rivers and forest belts, the distance can be shortened appropriately. It is forbidden to build a field in tourist areas and areas with serious industrial pollution.

3. Water quality of water source

The water source of pig farms requires sufficient water, good water quality, convenient access and sanitary protection. The quantity of source water must meet the requirements of domestic water, pig drinking water and feeding management water (such as cleaning and preparing feed, cleaning pig houses, cleaning machines, etc.). ).

4. Launch position area

The area of pig farm depends on the task, nature, scale and the overall situation of the site. The production area can generally be 40 ~ 50 square meters per sow or 3 ~ 4 square meters per commercial pig.

2. Planning and layout of pig farms

1. Production area

The production area includes all kinds of pig houses and production facilities, which is the main construction area of the pig farm, and the general construction area accounts for about 70% ~ 80% of the total construction area of the whole site. Pig houses are required to be separated from other pig houses to form pig areas. The pig farm should be located in the upwind direction of the pig farm, and the boar should be located in the upwind direction of the pig farm, so as to prevent the smell of the sow from causing adverse stimulation to the boar, and at the same time, the smell of the boar can be used to stimulate the sow to estrus. The delivery room should be close to both the pregnancy room and the pig breeding room. The fattening pigsty should be located in the downwind, close to the pig farm. When designing, the direction of the pigsty should make an angle of 30 ~ 60 degrees with the local dominant wind direction in summer, so that each row of pigsty can get the best ventilation conditions in summer. In a word, we should make full use of favorable factors according to local natural conditions to achieve the most favorable layout for production. A special disinfection room or pool should be set at the entrance of the production area to facilitate strict disinfection of personnel and vehicles entering the production area.

2. Feeding management area

Feeding management areas include ancillary buildings necessary for pig farm production management, such as feed processing workshops, feed warehouses, repair workshops, etc. Substation, boiler room, water pump room, etc. They are closely related to daily feeding work, so the area should be established near the production area.

3. Isolation room for sick pigs and manure storage place

The isolation room for sick pigs, manure storage and other buildings should be far away from the production area, and located in downwind and low-lying places, so as not to affect pig production.

4. Veterinary room

It should be located in the production area and only open to this area. In order to facilitate the treatment of sick pigs, it is generally located in the downwind.

5. Residence

Including offices, reception rooms, financial rooms, canteens, dormitories, etc. These are places where managers and their families live daily and should be set up separately. Generally located in the windward direction of the production area, or on the side parallel to the wind direction. In addition, fences or epidemic prevention ditches should be built around the pig farm to prevent animal injuries and prevent other people from entering the field.

6. roads

Roads play an important role in normal production activities, health and epidemic prevention, and improving work efficiency. The roads in the field should be separated by clean roads and sewage roads, which do not cross each other and the entrances and exits are separated. The clean passage is used to transport people, feed and products, while the dirty passage is a special passage for transporting feces, sick pigs and abandoned equipment.

7.water tower

Self-built water tower is the guarantee for the normal supply of clean drinking water. The site selection should be adapted to the water source conditions and should be arranged at the highest point of the pig farm.

8.green-skinned apples

Greening can not only beautify the environment and purify the air, but also prevent heatstroke, improve the microclimate of pig farms, reduce noise and promote safe production, thus improving economic benefits. Therefore, in the overall layout of pig farms, we must consider and arrange greening.

3. Architectural design of pigsty

1. The form of pigsty

(1) divided by roof form

There are single slope and double slope pigsty. Single slope type is generally small in span, simple in structure, low in cost, good in lighting and ventilation, and suitable for small-scale pig farms. Double-slope type generally has a large span and is often used in double-row piggery and multi-row piggery. Its thermal insulation effect is good, but the investment is more.

(2) According to the structure of the wall and the presence or absence of windows.

Pig houses are open, semi-open and closed. The open type has walls on three sides and no wall on one side, which has good ventilation and light transmission, no heat preservation and low cost. Semi-open is a wall with three sides and half walls, and its thermal insulation is slightly better than open. Enclosed is surrounded by walls, which can be divided into two types: windowed and windowless.

(3) Divide profits by pigsty

There are single-row, double-row and multi-row pigsty.

2. The basic structure of pigsty

~ A complete pigsty is mainly composed of walls, roofs, floors, doors, windows, dung ditches, fences and other parts.

1) wall

It needs firmness, durability and good thermal insulation. The ideal wall is a brick wall, which requires cement jointing, and cement plastering is 0.8 ~ 1.0 m from the ground.

2) The ideal roof is cement precast slab, with 15 ~ 20cm thick soil for heat preservation and heatstroke prevention. At present, the new technology products of Beijing Ruipu Company adopt imported new materials, steel frame structure support system, corrugated steel roof board and glass fiber insulation cotton, which has good insulation effect.

3) Floor

The floor requires durability and good water permeability. The ideal floor is the cement jointing flat brick type (a new technology). Followed by tamping concrete floor, concrete should be evenly mixed, with moderate humidity and effective tamping.

4) feces and urine ditch

Open pigsty is required to be located outside the front wall; Fully enclosed and semi-enclosed (plastic shed in winter) piggery can be located 40 cm away from the south wall and covered with leaky floor. The width of the dung ditch should be designed according to the area of the house, at least 30 cm wide. The gap width of the leaky floor should not be greater than1.5cm. ..

5) Doors and windows

Doors should be installed on the front wall of the open pigsty sports ground, with a height of 0.8 ~ 1.0 m and a width of 0.6 m, which are particularly firm, especially in pigsty. The semi-closed pigsty is open to the partition wall of the sports ground, with a height of 0.8 meters and a width of 0.6 meters; The fully enclosed pigsty is only provided with one door on the feeding channel side, with a height of 0.8 ~ 1.0m and a width of 0.6m The channel door is 1.8m in height and 1.0m in width. No matter what kind of pigsty, there should be a back window. The length and height of the rear window of the open and semi-closed piggery are 40 cm, and the upper frame is 40 cm away from the top of the wall; The semi-enclosed partition window and front window of the fully enclosed pigsty should be as large as possible, and the distance between the lower frame and the ground is1.1m; The window on the back wall of the fully enclosed pigsty can be large and small, and double-layer glass windows can be installed if conditions permit.

6) pigsty

In addition to the fenced piggery, generally closed piggery should be built with fences. There are basically two kinds of fence materials, brick wall cement plastering and steel fence. The mediastinal fence should be a fixed fence, and the horizontal fence can be a movable fence to adjust the indoor area.

3. Type of pigsty

The design and construction of piggery should first conform to the pig production process, and then consider its own actual situation. The area south of the Yellow River is mainly moistureproof, heat insulation, heatstroke prevention and cooling. In the north of the Yellow River, cold and heat preservation and moisture-proof are the key points.

(1) Princess Club

Generally, male pig houses are single-row semi-open. The indoor temperature is required to be 15 ~ 20 degrees, the wind speed is 0.2m/s, there is a corridor inside, and there is a small playground outside to increase the exercise of boars.

(2) Empty and pregnant sow houses

One of the most commonly used feeding methods for empty pregnant sows and pregnant sows is feeding in large groups. Generally, 4-5 empty pregnant sows and 2-4 pregnant sows are fed in each column. There are three kinds of pen structures: solid, fenced and comprehensive, and the layout of pigsty is mostly single aisle and double rows. The pigsty area is generally 7 ~ 9 square meters, the ground slope should not be greater than 1/45, and the ground should not be too flat to prevent sows from falling. It is also useful to keep one in captivity at a time. Shed temperature 15 ~ 20 degrees and wind speed of 0.2m/s are required.

(3) Maternity nursing home

There are delivery columns at home, mostly two or three rows. It is required that the indoor temperature is 15 ~ 20℃ and the wind speed is 0.2 m/s. The structure of the conveying field also changes according to the conditions.

① Ground delivery fence: a single fence is adopted, with sow limiting frame in the middle and places for piglets to eat, drink and keep warm on both sides. The front part of the sow compartment is a front door, which is provided with a trough and a water dispenser for the sows to eat and drink, and the rear part of the compartment is provided with a back door for the sows to enter and clean the feces. A rain leakage floor can be set behind the column to eliminate feces and dirt in the column.

② Online delivery fence: it is mainly composed of delivery fence, piglet fence, rain-leaking ground net woven with steel bars, incubator, legs, etc.

(4) piglet care

The indoor temperature is required to be 26 ~ 30 degrees, and the wind speed is 0.2m/s. Online nursery fences, 1 ~ 2 nests and one column can be used for online feeding, and automatic feeding tanks can be used for free feeding. Online culture reduces the incidence of piglet diseases, is beneficial to the health of piglets and improves the survival rate of piglets. The piglet nursery fence is mainly composed of a leaky net woven with steel bars, a fence, an automatic feeding trough and a connecting card.

(5) Fattening houses and reserve sows

These three kinds of pig houses all adopt large-scale ground group breeding mode, and feed freely. The structural forms are basically the same, but the external dimensions vary with the number and size of pigs.

Choosing advanced and economical equipment suitable for the scale and technology of pig farms is an important measure to improve the production level and economic benefits.

1. pigsty

1. Pig pen, empty sow pen, breeding pen

These types of pigsty are generally located in the same building, so the area is generally equal. The pigsty height is generally 1.2 ~ 1.4m, and the area is 7 ~ 9 m2.

2. pregnancy column

There are two kinds of pregnant pigsty: one is a single pigsty; The other is the group column. The monolithic column is welded by metal materials, generally 2 meters long, 0.65 meters wide and 1 meter high. The structure of the small group fence can be a concrete solid structure, a fence type or a comprehensive structure. The difference is that the height of the pregnant fence is generally1~1.2m.. Because of the limited feeding, ground feeding was used instead of trough feeding. The area depends on the number of feeding heads in each row, generally 7 ~ 15 square meters.

3. Delivery column

The size of the delivery ring is related to the selected sow breed, with a length of 2-2.2m and a width of1.7-2.0m.. The width of sow pens is generally 0.6 ~ 0.65 m and the height is 1.0 m. The width of each side of piglet pens is generally 0.6 ~ 0.7 m, the height is about 0.5 m, and the fence spacing is 5 cm.

4. Piglet breeding pen

Generally, metal woven net or metal woven plastic-coated floor is used, and the latter is generally better than the former. Large and medium-sized pig farms mostly adopt high-bed online breeding pens, which are composed of metal woven net dung leakage floors, fences and automatic feeding troughs. The dung leakage floor is erected on the dung ditch or solid cement floor through brackets, and two adjacent fences use automatic feeding troughs, and each fence is equipped with an automatic water dispenser. This kind of nursery fence can keep the bed surface dry and clean, reduce the incidence of piglets, and is an ideal nursery fence. The height of piglet nursery fence is generally 0.6m, and the fence spacing is 5-8cm. The area varies with the number of piglets. Weaned piglets in small pig farms can also be raised on the ground, but in cold season, clean soft grass should be laid on the sleeping place of piglets or a fire resistance should be set up in the sleeping place.

5. Breeding fattening stick

There are many forms of fattening fences, most of which are concrete solid slabs or cement leaky slabs, and some of them use 1/3 leaky slabs and 2/3 concrete solid slabs. Concrete solid ground generally has a slope of 3%. The height of fattening fence is generally 1 ~ 1.2m, and when fence structure is adopted, the fence spacing is 8 ~ 10cm.

2. Drinking water equipment

There are many kinds of automatic drinking fountains for pigs, such as duckbill type, cup type and nipple type. Because the structure and performance of nipple-type and cup-type automatic drinking fountains are not as good as duckbill-type automatic drinking fountains, duckbill-type automatic drinking fountains are widely used at present. See the structure of duckbill automatic drinking machine for pigs. It is mainly composed of valve body, valve core, sealing ring, return spring, plug and filter screen.

3. Feeding equipment

(1) intermittent feeding trough

Generally used in pig farms with poor conditions. It is divided into fixed feeding trough and mobile feeding trough. Generally, it is a fixed feeding trough for cement pouring. In the picture, the feeding troughs of A and B are the same, both under the partition wall or fence, and the feed is fed from the corridor and slides in to facilitate the pigs to eat. The trough is generally long, and the length of the trough occupied by each pig depends on the type and age of the pig. More standardized pig farms do not use mobile feeding tanks. In intensive and industrialized pig farms, the fixed feeding trough of pregnant sows or lactating sows is made of metal and fixed on the limit fence. See the section on confinement of maternity beds and confinement of fences.

(2) Square automatic blanking and feeding trough

This kind of feeding trough is not commonly used in pig farms, but is more common in intensive and industrialized pig farms. There are two kinds of square blanking trough: single hole and double hole. One side of the single opening is fixed on the fence or partition wall with the corridor; Double-open type is placed on the partition or partition wall of two columns, and the automatic blanking and feeding trough is generally galvanized iron sheet and reinforced with steel bars, otherwise it will be easily damaged.

(3) Circular automatic blanking and feeding trough

The circular automatic feeding trough is made of stainless steel, which is more durable. The chassis can also be cast iron or cement, which is suitable for high-density and large-scale growing and fattening pig houses.