When talking about Beijing opera, gongs, drums and phoenixes nod repeatedly.

The use and performance of gongs and drums commonly used in Beijing opera

The clapper is a cross ensemble of big gongs, small gongs and cymbals, with strong or weak volume, which is used to match the general movements of entering and leaving the stage and to strengthen the tone when chanting. But the protagonist's first appearance is not necessary; At the end of a scene (there is no one left on the stage), the end of the character is rarely used. For example, in the "Empty City Plan", the spies reported three times, that is, with heavy punches; After reading it, Dou Erdun said, "... He has black hair." In the comic book, he also used a punch to match his movements and strengthen his tone.

The long tip is played with big gongs, small gongs and cymbals. The form and usage are almost the same as boxing, but it is suitable for slow to fast movements. For example, when Zhou Yu called the generals into the account in "Heroes", the generals used their long tips when they played; Another example is to use this idea when going to Taikou, but the speed is slower than usual.

The flower head is played alternately with big gongs and cymbals, which is similar to the punch, and is mostly used to replace the punch after singing and shaking the plate. For example, in "Chopping Ma Su", Zhuge Liang sang "The three-point tripod in the Han Dynasty almost turned into dust." After shaking the board, the spy came on the stage with a filament head.

The small gong is specially designed for the silk end of the small gong, which is matched with quick movements such as up and down and turning in circles. For example, in The Jade Girl, the Jade Girl was urged to get the bean juice, and in the park, Gao came to Gao Wang several times to report things, in the park, on stage and so on. , all use small gongs.

After gong, we often sing along with it, which is used in conjunction with running the original field and martial arts. For example, after Sean sang the phrase "Sean is the only one in the Jianghu" in "The Fisherman's Murder", he once fought with his teacher with a gong.

The role of a small gong with a gong is slightly like that of a yin gong, and it is mostly used to cooperate with time-consuming movements on the stage. For example, in Hongyang Cave, Cheng Xuan, a veteran, used a small gong when digging and burying the bodies of Meng Liang and Jiao Zan.

A book is used to match some slow duets in martial arts. The rhythm type is basically a punch, but the bottom drum starts differently, and the rhythm and speed are relatively stable and slow. The sound is steady and powerful, and the instrument is combined with the drum (two beats per beat). For example, when Gordon fights with Hua, Hu Yanbao, Qin Ren and others in The Sunshine House, he uses a book.

Slow and long hammer Slow and long hammer is mostly used when characters play. Slow and long hammer is a combination of long hammer and grab head. Mostly used for the original board, adagio or 26-26, or with slower movements such as playing and changing clothes. For example, when Sun Shangxiang sang adagio in Kanluoji, Wu Zixu and Huang Fune used a slow hammer to exchange clothes in Wen Zhaoguan after singing the phrase "Crossing the Hall of Supreme Harmony in Wanhua Pavilion" at Caoqiaoguan.

The fast long hammer is a combination of a long hammer and a phoenix nod, and it is faster to fight. It is mostly used for allegro, running water and rocking board, and at the same time, it cooperates with more urgent actions such as going up and down or circling. For example, in Dingjun Mountain, when Huang Zhong publicly sang Allegro in Dangshan; Li Junhe Ni Rong used a quick hammer before she went on stage to sing "Fishing to Kill a Family". But the fast hammer is not used as the head of Huang Er rock.

Loose long hammer is also called "hitting golden bell" and "swinging long hammer". It's a wrench, or it's used to cooperate with slow and hesitant movements. For example: Wu Zai's appearance; Both Xu He played a long hammer in "Two Entering the Palace".

Flash hammer, also known as "bending hammer" and "anti-long hammer", is used for running water, allegro and rocker. However, customarily, it is limited to the role that is already on the stage. It is not a "singing" gong and drum, nor is it the head of a Huang Er rock musician. For example, Zhuge Liang sang "I have never been cautious in using troops for decades" in "Empty City Plan" before, and Sean sang "Father and daughter go fishing in the river" in "Fisherman Killing Family" before, all with flash hammers.

Niusi is mostly used to loose the board into the board, and also cooperates with the input, output and general movement. For example, in "Empty City Plan", after Zhuge Liang got off the city, he sang "People say that Sima Shan fought", that is, he used new silk; Another example is that Song Shijie was blown down from the main hall in Four Sons. Before he sang this song, he used new silk to cope with his pain and struggled to stand up slowly. With the action of the characters, the big gong can be used by local people to add gongs and strengthen the accompaniment atmosphere.

Quick-fastening thread is also the beginning of loosening the plate, and can also be used with the upper and lower ends, which is often used in urgent and urgent situations. For example, in "Big Country Security", Bai Yang took the stage to sing the Third Board, which was made with the shortcut key. Don't play too long when you play the shortcut key.

Tap, also known as "seven-character gong", is used to input raw cotton, but it is only used to input the original board or four tones, and the Xipi original board is not used. For example, in Wen Zhaoguan, Wu Zixu sang Huang Er's original "Cry, parents can't see, parents can't see", then patted and sang the original. In addition, it can also be used as the head of the rocker. Both Huang Er and Xipi can be used, but Huang Er uses more. For example, in Caoqiaoguan, Liu Xiu sang Huang Er's original "Tell the in-service to drive the harem into the palace", after singing; In "Great Country Security", you can sing the wobbler after playing, and all of them are connected to the wobbler.

Xiao gong Xiao gong is also the first of rocking board, running water and allegro. In a quiet atmosphere, cooperate with actions such as going on stage, stepping down and going around the field. For example, in the second scene of "Red Yang Cave", Yang sang the rocker, sang Xipi rocker with tea, and sang "Mulberry" Allegro, all with a small gong.

Rolling the head is not used for singing, but for acting. For example, in Dingjun Mountain, Huang Zhong was informed by Xia that he had "changed his position" and decided to play along. When he was in command of the whole army, when he was thinking about how to fool Xia before tomorrow's battle, he used his rolling head to cooperate with various actions showing his virtual gestures.

Dagong Underwater Fish [Underwater Fish] was originally a brand of Kunqu Opera, but later it was transferred to Beijing Opera, omitting the original words and using only gongs and drums. The main purpose is to cooperate with the rapid pace of walking (including up and down and around the circle). For example, in the first scene of Wangjiang Pavilion, after Tan Jier and Bai Shizhong left, Bai Gu said, "Wait for me to close the door." Then, Zhang Qian, Li Wan and other four servants led Yang's official's son to play in a hurry. At this time, underwater fish and gongs and drums were used.

The usage of small gong bottom fish is similar to that of big gong bottom fish. For example, Teacher Ding Jia went to Sean's house to ask for fish tax in Kill the Family with Fishing, and when Xiao Gong was imprisoned for advocating justice in Women's Solution, underwater fish was also used in the pony show.

Four sides static [four sides static] was originally a dry reading brand of Kunqu opera. Except for the words that Zhou Cang needs to recite in Qingshishan (but not the original "big characters" of Kunqu Opera), they are generally used to replace underwater fish. Four-sided static gongs and drums can also be used in sections. For example, in the second scene of "Empty City Plan", when Ma Su and Wang Ping sent troops to the street pavilion, they first used the first half of the four sides. When Ma Su and Wang Ping led the troops to Jieting to play the fourth game, they had to use it again in the second half.

Moth [Moth] was originally a brand of Kunqu Opera, but later it was transferred to Beijing Opera. Underwater fish can not read, but moths must read (according to the plot), but the number of sentences is not limited. It is often used in emotional situations, with digital reading boards. For example, in Lion Building, Song Wu communicated with the soldiers: "A word from the soldier reminds Song Wu of his intention to kill! ..... "It's a moth. Another example is "Niu Er is too deceptive, too deceptive!" A moth, too. As for the "Moth" that Niu Er continued to read, it was a small gong moth, and it played in the same way as a big gong.

Sharp wind is faster than ordinary gongs and drums in playing speed, and is mostly used in situations of haste, tension, fierceness and war to match the movements of characters, such as going up and down, walking, fighting and so on. For example, in "The Fisherman Killed His Wife", Sean sang "I can't help but get angry after listening to a word" and then sparred with the teachers; Sima Yi of "Empty City Plan" also used a sharp wind when leading the troops on the stage after the curtain sang "The Great Brigade Goes to the West City".

Tight hammer is also famous for its hometown or string hammer. It's basically a big gong with a constant sound. Used before Allegro, it is the beginning of Allegro, and it is mostly used in hasty and nervous situations. Generally, there are many allegro players who take the Hu Qin into the door, but after the hammer is pressed, they can also sing immediately to show their urgency. For example, in Hongsang Town, Wu sang Allegro after "seeing Bao Zheng, I was full of anger"; In addition, it can also be used as gongs and drums with short movements. For example, Xu Zaida hit with a tight hammer.

Hammer rubbing is used to match anxious mood or abnormal movements. But only after the singing. For example, in "Searching for the Lonely and Saving the Lonely", Cheng Ying sang Huilong and took a hammer. Another example is Fan Zhongyan's four-tone song "Call Fan Jiner, you are here! After that, take a rubbing hammer to cooperate with Fan Zhongyan's hair-throwing action and mental coma.

Yin Gong The so-called Yin Gong is the weak tone performance of the big gong and the cymbal, while the small gong does not make a weak tone from beginning to end. Yin gong is related to hidden or slow movements, including modification and jumping. The most commonly used dramas, such as Sanchakou, Shoppers in Song Wu and Baishuitan, match the darkness of the characters, look for things and move slowly. Another example is wearing a cangue because of advocating justice in women's interpretation, and Zhao's off-stage modification in Cosmic Frontline and so on. , all with Yin gong.

Nine hammers and a half, also known as "Shuang Yan", are often used in situations where the characters in the play are in a hurry or disorder, or cooperate with covert actions. For example, Sanchakou was undressed and searched for hotels, the cubs in Baishuitan were taken to the stage, and the water battle in Righteousness. It is also used after singing and in humorous actions. For example, after Yang sang "Laugh after listening" in "Yuanmen Chopping Son", when doing funny actions; In "Mu Huguan", after Gao Wang sang Huilong Opera, he used nine and a half hammers to fight with the little old woman. Nine hammers and a half are generally not used independently, often with yin gong or horse legs.

Horse legs and horse legs are gongs and drums with three beats, which can be played repeatedly and have a faster rhythm. Horse legs rarely play alone, and often follow Yin Gong, nine hammers and a half or a sharp wind. It is mostly used in martial arts to cooperate with two people to fight and swim in the water. For example, the midnight battle between Zhang Fei and Ma Chao in War Horse Chao, the fight between the Monkey King and Qinglong in Chaotian Palace, and the swimming of Ruan Xiaoer and others in Heroes' Righteousness all use horse legs.

Calling head-to-head is often used when the characters are excited, shouting or accusing by emotions such as joy, anger, sorrow and urgency. There are single calls, double calls and three calls. For example, in Cosmic Front, when Zhao heard that she would be sent to the palace to be a concubine, she only made a phone call to Zhao Gao. When the mood is particularly high, connect the two heads together and shout again, called double head, such as "Oh, my God!" It's just a double call Three heads are generally used in sad or bold occasions, such as the head in front of Huilong in Su Wu Shepherd and Wolong Funeral.

Small gongs are often used when exclaiming. For example, in Hongyang Cave, Zhao Fang had to ask: "Where did Otome's illness start?" When Yang answered the exclamation, he called his head with a small gong. In addition, clowns often use this name. For example, in "Fighting for Peace", when Hua 'an turned his back, he shouted before saying white, that is, he called his head with a small gong.

This is the idea of gongs and drums for singing in Beijing opera, which is used when the characters in the play cry. Have to cooperate with the crying in the scattered board. For example, after beheading Ma Su in Ma Su, Zhuge Liang sang Ma Su! Staff! Ah! "Cry with this kind of cry. It is also used in Allegro or Rocker, such as Sitting in the Palace. When Yang Yanhui sang "It's rare to see a high-ranking mother", she cried her head off.

Xiao Gong's crying head is mostly used to match the crying in the play and in relatively calm occasions. For example, in Wujiapo, Wang Baochuan sang "Ah! Cruel robber! " Is to cry with a gong.

Four gongs crying head This is a simplified form of crying head. Often in a play, when a lot of crying is needed, it is used to add applications to avoid too much repetition, such as crying in Shiro Visiting Mother.

The wailing head on the first disc was specially used in Huang Er's original aria, such as "Cry, parents can't meet, can't-see!" In the initial board meeting of Wen Zhaoguan Huang Er Express. Is to cry with the upper plate.

Chaos hammer is used to express the anxiety, irritability and confusion of characters, and also cooperates with the up and down stage and corresponding actions. The rhythm is different, and the seven strokes in each bar are slow first and then fast. For example, in "Empty City Plan", Zhuge Liang read: "... do you want me to be caught? This is a prisoner! This, this, this ... "Here is a hammer to express its anxiety.

The use of brittle head is slightly similar to that of random hammer. Divided into hard brittle head and soft brittle head. Crispy head is often used to express a character's feelings or actions of shame, shock and anger, but it is only used to strengthen expression, and it is not used in the next stage, nor can it cooperate with long-term actions. For example, in "The Orphan of Zhao", singing "Huang Er" started with a soft head.

Sometimes in order to make the plot compact, the last sentence in the original lyrics is omitted and replaced by action. This term is called sweeping. Sweeping the head is the gongs and drums that match this action. For example, in Don't Kiln, Xue Pinggui sang at the end: "Go back to the cold kiln and be patient. I will make arrangements before I join the army. At this time, you can ignore the conjugal love of husband and wife. "The fourth sentence is swept away, and a series of actions such as grabbing, Xue pushing the king and Wang falling to the ground are used instead of the lyrics, and the Gong Jing is used to sweep the head. The scanning head can be extended or shortened according to the speed and length of its action, so it includes different forms such as small scanning head, fast scanning head and counting scanning head.

Dismantling gongs is also called "replacing big gongs with small ones", which means removing big gongs and replacing them with small ones. If the first scene is a big gong, the second scene is a small gong, or the first scene of a play is a small gong, the gong must be removed. The performance style of the big gong gradually slowed down, weakened until it disappeared, followed by the small gong. For example, in Empty City, after Sima Bingyi was sent to Xicheng, he ended up with a big gong, and Zhuge Liang appeared in a small gong in the second game and withdrew the gong halfway. For example, in the first scene of Shiro Visiting Mother, Yang Yanhui took off the gong before playing.

A hammer gong, also known as big gong beating, big gong laying, original field, turning back, etc. There are many names, forms and uses. In addition to matching the movements on and off the stage, it is also suitable for general movements and before and after singing, and has certain boxing and head stopping functions. The beat of a hammer gong stretches freely, which is mostly used to accompany the elderly and draw faces to play slowly, setting off its grandeur. Used for fun, such as Zhuge Liang's promotion in Lost Street Pavilion; Used at the end, such as the end of Zhuge Liang's singing "I'm afraid I'll collect thieves myself" in Lost Street Pavilion; With general actions, such as "selling horses", Qin Qiong and Dan Xiong Xin introduce themselves and exchange seats. Sing before you sing and then use it, such as the gongs and drums in front of Xue Pinggui's singing guide "Don't cry as a child" in Wujiapo; It is used before and after chanting, such as the gongs and drums after Su San died in the grave for a woman in the Third Trial.

Fast field fast field is a simplified form of hammer gong. It is mostly used before and after singing and chanting to emphasize the tone and cooperate with the action at the same time. When the game begins, the fast court is usually used as a blank court before the game.

Xiao Gong's original field, also known as Xiao Gong Da and Xiao Gong Fang, is used in scenes with small ostentation and extravagance, calm atmosphere or low role status, to cooperate with the characters going up and down, or occasionally with the actions on the stage (without Xiao Gong's return). In "pass the parcel Cao", when playing for the first time, he played with a small gong. Generally, when the protagonist plays gongs and drums for the first time, a small gong hat is usually added in front.

Dan played, and also called Xiao Gong Dan to play. Dan's appearance rhythm is free, and the effect is quiet. It is mostly used to match Dan's characters such as Tsing Yi Flower Shirt to set off his dignified and elegant bearing, such as Zhao's appearance in Cosmic Front. Sometimes this kind of gongs and drums are also used on stage, such as Kang's appearance in "Scarab Fishing".

Single search field single search field is dedicated to cooperate with the search action in the play. For example, when Xia Houchun searched Zhang Xiu in The Battle of Wancheng, he used a single search.

Horse riding, gongs and drums, also known as horse riding and long hammer. Used in slow-paced martial arts scenes in martial arts. Can be used for the following purposes: 1, coordinating horse preparation, for example, in Mu Huguan, Gao Lai prepares horses for Gao Wang. 2, it is different from the "jump" dance in fairy tales, but the form at the beginning is different. For example, the dance of the aquarium in Jinshan Temple. 3. Play "Four Doors Fight" with martial arts, such as the sword fight between Xue Jinlian and Fan Lihua in Fan Jiangguan. 4. Cooperate with fighting in the water, such as the water battle between Liang Hongyu and Jin Wushu in Fighting the Golden Mountain. In addition, "Hero's Righteousness" and "War Horse Super" also used horses and gongs when aiming at firearms.

The gong is the end of the slow hammer. In the absence of any big movements of the characters, it is often the beginning of the original board, and Adagio and Erliu are separate. For example, when Liu Bei crossed the river in Kanluoji, he sang the original board after boarding the boat; An adagio sung by Song Qiaojiao of Famen Temple; In "Empty City Plan", Zhuge Liang sang in the tower until the second and sixth grades, and Hu Qin used to take the lead when he entered the door.

There are few changes in the form of grasping the head with a small gong, which is also the beginning of the original board, adagio and Erliu. For example, alto Xuee sang the guide board "Gave me a severe life the other day" and then won the first prize with a small gong, while in Hongyang Cave, Yang sang the original board "How did you spend a long time for your country?"

Flat grab flat grab is specially used for four-level adjustment (usually small), such as Wulongyuan, noisy room unpacking.

Xiao Gong's flat head is also a four-tone head, but contrary to the flat head, it is mostly used as a gate head. For example, in Meilong town, Li Fengjie used it when he first came to the stage to sing the fourth tone. Xiao Gong can also be used as the head of [blowpipe], for example, Li Guizhi sang in the first scene of "Strange Double Meeting".

Gong and ChanFeng nodded. The big gong and the single phoenix nod are the end parts of the fast hammer, which are used as the rocker and running water head when singing on stage, but all the phoenix nods are not used for singing on stage. For example, in "Fishermen Kill One Family", after Li Jun sang "Put your hand on the tent and look with your eyes", a phoenix nodded and entered the door, and Ni Rong finished singing "A boat under a Liu Yin tree".

Xiao Gong Phoenix nods, which is also used in quiet scenes. For example, in "Catch and Release Cao", when Chen Gong and the duet, Xiao Hong and Feng nodded.

Big gong double phoenix nodded, also called Xinfeng nodded. It is the head of a loose board and has a wide range of uses. Sometimes it is used with shredded beef, sometimes it is used alone, and it is mostly used when there is not much movement before singing. For example, in "Empty City Plan", Zhuge Liang sang "Retreat the empty city of Sima Bao and fight for this piano", that is, he nodded and sang with a gong and a phoenix. In addition, it is also used in urgent and tense situations. For example, in Yangpingguan, between Huang Zhong singing Xipi Sanban's "Huang Zhong is sleepy today" and Zhao Yun singing "As if the gods are in the sky", it is a gong and a phoenix nodding (slightly simplified).

The nod of the phoenix of loose hammer is the end part of loose hammer, which serves as the head of loose board. For example, in Famen Temple, Song Qiaojiao sang Xipi Sanban "Shout like an eagle taking a sparrow to swallow", that is, nodding with a long hammer phoenix as the head; For another example, after Bai Yang sang "Shiro hits the palace wall" in "Second Palace", Shiro also used this gong and drum as a pledge when he sang "The copper hammer rings at one stroke".