Zhuge Liang lived in Jingzhou. Why did Liu Biao, the leader of Jingzhou at that time, never reuse Zhuge Liang?

The magnificent Three Kingdoms are full of talented people. Zhuge Liang had defected to Liu Biao with his uncle in his early years. Why didn't Liu Biao reuse this smart and talented young man?

Liu Biao looked down on Zhuge Liang

During the Tang Dynasty, people attached great importance to family status and bloodline, and "the princes, generals, and generals were truly distinguished." Liu Biao went even further, treating talents with multiple family backgrounds and little emphasis on talent and virtue. This emphasis on famous people often ignores capable young people, resulting in talents not being used.

Representative figure Cai Mao. Cai Mao has neither talent nor virtue. However, Liu Biao said that he "praised beauty internally and recited virtue externally" simply because Cai Mao was from one of the four major families in Jingzhou. Liu Biao's intention in hiring people was clear: he would not reject anyone from a well-known family, and if he still had the ability, that would be even better. He pays so much attention to famous people that he cannot look at talents from a developmental perspective.

This resulted in a situation where the talent was right under his nose, but he turned a blind eye. The representative figure is Wang Can. Wang Can was famous as a young man and lived in Xiangyang for more than ten years. However, Liu Biao dismissed Wang Can because of his poor appearance.

In addition to Wang Can, there were a large number of outstanding young people in Xiangyang at that time: Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong, Xu Shu, Meng Gongwei, Cui Zhouping, Shi Guangyuan, etc. These people were all young and not well-known at the time. Therefore, it was not in Liu Biao's field of vision at all.

Zhuge Liang's parents died when he was young, and he was raised by his uncle Zhuge Xuan. He dragged his family to a strange place like Jingzhou, and naturally he did not get along well. According to historical records, Zhuge Liang was not a young Zhuge Liang who lived after Zhuge Feng and had no father or mother. He relied on farming to make a living. How could a poor scholar with no background or connections who farmed the countryside catch the attention of Liu Biao?

Liu Biao does not need to use Zhuge Liang

Liu Biao was born in the Han Dynasty clan, studied Confucianism since he was a child, and had the idea of ????loyalty to the emperor and serving the country. Therefore, he seemed not to dare to claim the emperor or the country at all. King's ambition.

Since 190 AD, Liu Beibiao has been the governor of Jingzhou and the shepherd of Jingzhou. He has ruled Jingzhou for 18 years. Jingzhou covers thousands of miles, has more than 100,000 soldiers, and thousands of miles of fertile fields. It is said that he loved the people like his own son and devoted himself to farming, thus making Jingxiang a fertile, civilized, and harmonious pure land.

As a prince, Liu Biao was an important political force at that time. However, deep down in his heart, Liu Biao did not have much political ambition, and Liu Biao never had the desire to find advisers.

When Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty and moved the capital to Xuchang, Liu Biao sent envoys to pay tribute and went north to join forces with Yuan Shao. Some people said that Liu Biao was "double-faced." Liu replied: "Domestically, I did not default on the tribute; externally, I did not violate the alliance leader. This is the way to uphold justice in today's world."

Liu Biao was self-protective and guarded his one-third of an acre of land. He had no intention of competing for world supremacy, which determined that he had talents but could not use them, and there was no need to use Zhuge Liang.

In fact, in that era when all the heroes came together, it was extremely unrealistic to defend oneself by holding land. If you don't eat him, he will eat you. This is a true portrayal of that period of history.

Liu Biao did not dare to use Zhuge Liang

Liu Biao was the leader of Jingzhou in name only. In fact, the power of Jingzhou was in the hands of the four major local families of Cai, Kuai, Xiang and Huang. . The Cai family was the most powerful at the time. For this reason, Liu Biao married Cai Mao's sister among the four major families as his stepmother, and asked his second son Liu Cong to marry Cai Mao's niece for a political marriage.

To stabilize his position, Liu Biao must rely on the local powerful families, but he must not let them become too powerful. Instead, divide and conquer, let them restrain each other, and let the major families reach a balance point. Once this balance is broken, it will cause civil strife in Jingzhou.

Zhuge Liang is the son-in-law of the Huang family among the four major families. If he also enters the political center of Jingzhou, this balance will be broken.

Therefore, it’s not that Liu Biao didn’t want to use Zhuge Liang, but he didn’t dare! He did not dare to break the peace brought by the four major families, the peaceful ancient city of Jingzhou that he had built for many years in political affairs.

Liu Biao was narrow-minded and could not tolerate Zhuge Liang

Jingzhou, with a radius of thousands of miles and more than 100,000 soldiers, Liu Biao dominated the Jingjiang River and was an important local separatist force in the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty. When Liu Biao first took office, Jingzhou was in disarray. He had no real power. He wanted to recruit troops but was afraid that no one would respond.

The Liu Biao regime at that time was mainly composed of three parts:

First, the four major families of Cai, Kuai, Xiang, and Huang in Jingchu, the core force of the Jingzhou regime and Liu Biao’s main Rely on;

The second is Jingchu celebrities, such as Han Song, Song Zhong, Liu Xian, Deng Xi, etc., who are the targets of Liu Biao's unity;

The third is immigrants from outside , such as Fu Xun, Wang Can, Mi Heng, etc., are just embellishments, small in quantity and not reused.

Under the benevolent governance of Liu Biao, Jingzhou entered an atmosphere of peace and contentment under the influence of the three forces.

But there are almost no outstanding talents under Liu Biao, mainly because they are suspicious. Famous generals such as Huang Zhong, Wei Yan, and Gan Ning have never been reused. A large number of outstanding talents such as Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong can only stay at home or go out to find jobs. The emergence of this situation has a lot to do with Liu Biao's narrow-mindedness.

"Three Kingdoms·Liu Biao's Biography" said: "Liu Bei rushed to Biao to treat him favorably, but he could not be used." Although Liu Bei was a bereaved dog at the time, Liu Biao may not know what kind of person Liu Bei is, and even Cao Cao did not know. He lamented Liu Bei: "Today's heroes are only envoys and caoer."

However, Liu Biao guessed too much about Liu Bei and did not even dare to let Liu Bei live in Xiangyang City and stationed him in Xinye on the front line. Used as a general general. Later, it turned out that Liu Bei had no ambitions for the Jingzhou regime.

Zhuge Liang had no intention of interfering with Liu Biao

During the Three Kingdoms period, there was no shortage of capable people and talents, but a wise monarch.

Zhuge Liang lost his parents when he was young and took refuge with Liu Biao with his uncle. His uncle died when he was 17 years old. At this time, Liu Biao was already over 60 years old. At this age, Liu Biao had already lost his determination to conquer the world and was living in peace and self-preservation. At best, he was just a warlord clinging to one side.

So, Zhuge Liang left.

Good trees choose birds to live in, and wise ministers choose their masters to serve. Zhuge Liang was cautious throughout his life, especially when it came to choosing a leader. The smart Zhuge Liang knew very well that the wise leader he needed must have the world in mind, be benevolent and caring for the people, have both ability and political integrity, and be courageous enough to govern the world and help the Han Dynasty, rather than bowing down. A professed man!

So Zhuge Liang planted vegetables in Longzhong. But it was obvious that what he was growing was not vegetables, but loneliness. He was waiting for a buyer. Sure enough, Liu Bei came to him and visited the thatched cottage three times, and he was no longer lonely.

He said in "Longzhong Dui": "Jingzhou controls Han and Mian in the north, controls the South China Sea, connects Wuhui in the east, and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses military force, but its owner cannot defend it. The "master" here refers to Liu Biao, which contains Zhuge Liang's evaluation of Liu Biao and his summary of how Zhuge Liang could change his own future and destiny. , especially if you place your political ambitions on such a person?

History is destined that Liu Biao will not use Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Liang has no intention of Liu Biao!

I just answered a question yesterday. It’s about how after Zhuge Liang’s uncle Cai Mao was killed by Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang was not only not sad, but also very happy. Today there is a question about why Zhuge Liang’s uncle Liu Biao didn’t reuse Zhuge Liang.

1. Let’s start with this question. Let’s take a look at how Liu Biao and Zhuge Liang are related.

Zhuge Liang’s hometown is in Shandong. He is related to people in Jingzhou and Hubei, basically because of his wife Huang Yueying.

For example, Cai Mao is Zhuge Liang's uncle, but he is actually Huang Yueying's uncle. And the same Liu Biao is said to be Zhuge Liang's uncle, but is actually Huang Yueying's uncle, because Huang Yueying's biological fathers Huang Chengyan and Liu Biao. They are the same father-in-law.

So this is how Liu Biao, the cheap uncle, came. In other words, whether Zhuge Liang recognizes him or not is still a question.

2. No matter how much water is mixed with this family, they are relatives after all. As the boss of Jingzhou, why does Liu Biao not use him as his nephew and son-in-law?

Personal analysis may have two reasons:

1. Liu Biao wanted to use Zhuge Liang, but Zhuge Liang did not want to play with Liu Biao.

Liu Biao is still capable, otherwise he would not have been the boss in Jingzhou for 20 years. As his nephew and son-in-law, Zhuge Liang called himself Wolong, and his reputation was well known.

So it is not possible to invite Zhuge Liang to come out. But by the same token, Zhuge Liang was more generous than Guan Zhong and Le Yi. He may not necessarily like his old uncle.

So this means that Zhuge Liang does not want to play with Liu Biao.

2. For the sake of political balance, Liu Biao cannot use Zhuge Liang.

Liu Biao could not use Zhuge Liang because there were five major families in Jingzhou at that time: Pang, Liu, Cai, Xi, and Kuai.

Zhuge Liang is Huang Chengyan’s son-in-law, Pang Degong’s apprentice, Cai Mao’s niece-in-law, and Liu Biao’s nephew-in-law.

So Zhuge Liang is like a balancer. Such a balancer can only be seen but not used. Whoever uses Zhuge Liang will break the balance of Jingzhou.

So when Zhuge Liang was able to stay in Xiangyang for several years, unable to leave the mountains and could only live in seclusion, everyone knew that he was a great talent, but no one dared to use it.

The way an expert sees the world is different from that of ordinary people. For ordinary people, if you have milk, you are a mother, and you will go to whoever gives you a high salary.

As the saying goes, good birds roost in trees, and good ministers choose their masters. Zhuge knew that although Liu Biao was on one side, he had no ambition to expand, not to mention that the real power inside was controlled by the Cai brothers. How could he join Liu Biao?

Cao Cao had ambitions to conquer the world, but when he brought the emperor with him to command the princes, his intentions were irregular. Zhuge will not protect him!

Sun Quan lives in the south of the Yangtze River, has many talented people, and is capable of establishing a country. At this time, the Han Emperor is still here, and the behavior of the Sun family is also disobedient, and Zhuge will not surrender.

As for other small warlords, let alone them.

As the leader of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei had the world in mind, reviving the Han Dynasty and saving the people from fire and water. He also staged a great drama of "bringing the people across the river", which was so spectacular that it was known all over the world. This benevolent and righteous king is exactly what Zhuge yearned for, and coupled with the kindness of visiting the thatched cottage three times, it shows that Liu Bei is benevolent, humble and ambitious. As the saying goes, "A scholar will die for those who know themselves." This established Zhuge's determination to protect Liu Bei.

Although Liu Bei was alone at the time, with Zhuge Huai's talents and Liu Bei's political philosophy of "saving the people from water and fire", it was possible to divide the world into three parts. A villain seeks food and clothing, while a gentleman seeks the world. This is what we call it.

Premise: "Liu Biao and Zhuge Liang's father-in-law are brothers-in-law, and Zhuge Liang's uncle and Liu Biao are good friends. Zhuge Liang lives twenty miles west of Xiangyang City."

Zhuge Liang also has talents in the world, Competition for talent was fierce at that time. You can imagine:

1. For the sake of his friend and nephew, Liu Biao arranged a position for Zhuge Liang very early so that Zhuge Liang would not have to suffer from farming;

2. Huang Chengyan is Liu Biao's brother-in-law, and Zhuge Liang is Liu Biao's nephew and son-in-law. The relationship is close enough, and Liu Biao should arrange an errand for Zhuge Liang, and it is a fat and beautiful job!

3. Even if Zhuge Liang has great abilities, his talent exceeds that of Ziya Zifang. These should be achieved through gradual development in practice. It is impossible to just get married (the ancients may be fourteen or five years old). Wisdom reaches its peak. At this time, Zhuge Liang had a wife, son, and young brothers and sisters. It was obvious that he was in trouble in life. He urgently needed to solve work problems, so he would definitely try his best to find a job at Liu Biao's office.

IV. The Three Kingdoms era was an era of fierce competition for talents, and warlords from all walks of life were looking for talents. Cao Cao and the Jiangdong Sun Group had numerous advisers, including Yuan Shao, Liu Zhang, and others. If Liu Biao wanted to compete with them or survive in the cracks, he would not let go of the talent of Zhuge Liang under his nose.

In the end, Liu Biao paid no attention to Zhuge Liang and did not appreciate Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang did not go to Liu Biao to plead for mercy. Finally, he was discovered by Liu Bei until he was twenty-six years old and asked to see him three times. This only shows: Either There is no Liu Biao in Xiangyang, or Zhuge Liang is not in Xiangyang.

Conclusion: The premise is false.

The reason is simple: Zhuge Liang does not want to be an official, especially for Liu Biao.

Liu Biao is a person who is more than conservative but not enterprising enough. Conflict with Zhuge Liang's wishes.

Although Liu Biao also made small moves at the borders of Jiaozhou and Yizhou, he still focused on defense. To put it bluntly, Liu Jingsheng is just like Yan Laoxi from the late Han Dynasty! It only occupies one-third of an acre of his land, and he is satisfied.

Zhuge Liang compared himself to Guan Zhong and Leyi, who helped weak countries rise to dominate the world, and assisted strong countries to establish the rule of Jiuzhou and dominate the world.

Zhuge Liang had lived in Jingzhou for more than ten years, and he knew who Liu Biao was. Zhuge Liang, the Buddhist warlord, will not help.

Zhuge Liang will most likely end up living in the mountains until he meets Liu Bei.

Zhuge Liang was not filial and honest, had little reputation, had no previous work experience, and had no famous people in the world to praise him. Liu Bei stayed in Jingzhou for six or seven years before he knew about this person. It was not introduced by a celebrity in Jingzhou, but through the intermediary Xu Shu, a swordsman from Yingchuan.

Even Zhuge Liang himself wrote in his apprenticeship statement, "I will survive in troubled times without seeking to learn from the princes."

This further proves that if Zhuge Liang does not meet a wise master who can assist him, he would rather put himself at risk. His ability is rotten in his stomach, and he will live in the mountains and forests forever. Especially during the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, when forty-year-olds could be called old men. Zhuge Liang was still at home at the age of twenty-seven, so he might have been prepared for this.

As for why Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei later? You have to think about when Liu Bei was in poverty, Cao Cao thought he was a hero, Chen Deng thought Liu Bei was proficient in the strategy of kingship, and Zhuge Liang himself thought Liu Bei was a man of faith all over the world. Forty-seven-year-old people who were still struggling and ambitious gave him ancient When Shi Daxian paid his three respects, Zhuge Liang naturally wanted to go down the mountain to help.

Even if he already knew that it was an unattainable dream?

You treat me like a countryman, and I will repay you as a countryman.

There is a spirit called no turning back.

"Guanxi theory" is also a topic often talked about by "Xiangyang theory". He believed that "Liu Biao would never let his nephew Zhuge Xuan, an old friend of his, go to a turbulent place like Nanyang. Liu Biao held the ax in his hand at that time, and he was able to take control of life and death. He could do it all by himself. Arranging Zhuge Liang to serve under his own command was just a matter of effort." This idea is a bit too big, and it places today's unhealthy trends into the Eastern Han Dynasty. Are these recorded? In what way did Liu Biao take care of Zhuge Liang, and did he give Zhuge Liang any official position? If Liu Biao had taken care of him in Xiangyang, how could Zhuge Liang have fallen into the "despicable" state of "sparing for his life" while working in the fields? A brief look at the history books shows that Liu Biao was a man of "elegant appearance but suspicious heart". Not only did he not reuse Zhuge Liang, he also failed to hire famous foreigners such as Mi Heng, Wang Can, Gan Ning, Xu Shu, and Sima Hui who were already highly respected by the society at that time. , Pang Tong and others were not entrusted with important tasks. Therefore, history books describe him as "a man of schemes but no decisions, a man who has people but cannot use them, and a man who hears good things but cannot accept them". "The scholars who avoid Jingzhou are all heroes in the country. They don't know their duties. Their homeland is in danger and they have no help." Besides, with Zhuge Liang’s wisdom, can he stay with such a Xiangyang scumbag? "The master cannot defend it", this is Zhuge Liang's identification of Liu Biao. There is no record of Liu Biao taking care of Zhuge Liang, but there is a record of Liu Biao asking Pang Degong, saying: "Mr. lives in poverty and refuses to be promoted to an official. How can he leave children and grandchildren in future generations?" Pang Gong said: "Everyone in the world has left him in danger. Today, he is in danger." Just leave it to peace. Although the things left behind are different, they are not all left behind." He sighed and left. Later, Pang Degong and his wife went to Lumen Mountain, but they could not return because they were collecting medicine.

So, just like Pang Degong crossed the Han River to Lumen Mountain to "leave it to peace", didn't Zhuge Liang just go to Wollongong and follow Liu Biao in Xiangyang to wait for death? A slap in the face? Those "Xiangyang experts" who are concerned about the "unhealthy trends" of the Eastern Han Dynasty!

Regarding this issue, we have to start with Zhuge Liang and Liu Biao. First of all, Zhuge Liang is a very talented person and will not leave the mountain easily. At that time, Liu Bei also "visited the thatched cottage three times" and wasted nine cattle and two. It shows that Zhuge Liang must choose a wise leader to assist him, and Liu Biao obviously does not meet the requirements. In this way, even if Liu Biao "looks around the thatched cottage", Zhuge Liang will not come out of the mountain, and would rather bow down He cultivated Nanyang and was unwilling to assist Liu Biao.

Let’s focus on Liu Biao again.

1. Lack of ambition.

As the lord of Jingzhou, Liu Biao knew about the existence of Zhuge Liang. However, as the lord of Jingzhou, Liu Biao had always only defended the land to protect himself. He himself had no ambition. To put it bluntly, Liu Biao is not an ambitious person. Unlike Cao Cao and Liu Bei, a hero hopes to conquer the world, and he always has the heart to support the Han Dynasty and is dedicated to exterminating the Han traitors. However, Liu Biao was very cautious. He took the chief position in Jingzhou and only did things related to Jingzhou. This was the root cause of his not appointing useful people.

2. Being timid in appointing talents.

Liu Biao has been entrenched in Jingzhou for many years, and his roots are relatively deep. On the territory of Jingzhou, Liu Biao cannot be as free as Liu Bei in employing people, and must consider all aspects of the impact. Liu Biao has been operating in Jingzhou for more than ten years, and his personal connections are divided into several parts. The first part is the famous and powerful families in Jingzhou, such as Cai Mao, Zhang Yun, and Huang Zu. There are only so many of Liu Biao's old subordinates. No matter how talented Zhuge Liang is, I'm afraid it will be difficult to find a foothold here for Liu Biao, and there will be no place for heroes.

3. Narrow view of talents.

There is also Liu Biao's own view of talents. The talents he wants to use are all very famous. It is difficult for people like Zhuge Liang who are not from a famous family to get into his eyes.

To sum up, although Zhuge Liang and Liu Biao are from the same hometown, it is difficult for them to come together because of their different outlook on life, values ??and world view. Even if they come together, it will be difficult for them to create a new world. Great cause, we may not be able to see Zhuge Liang's wonderful performance during the Three Kingdoms period. To a certain extent, Liu Bei fulfilled Zhuge Liang. He gave Zhuge Liang a stage to show himself, which made him a great cause. At the same time, he also echoed the saying, "A good bird chooses a tree to roost, and a good minister chooses his master." thing".

I am History in the Mirror, and I will answer this question.

Regarding Liu Biao, historical evaluations have been polarized. One is like "sitting and talking as a guest" as Guo Jia commented, and the other is "the first of the eight horses".

But no matter what the evaluation is, Liu Biao's contribution to safeguarding peace in troubled times is still remarkable. One of the important measures is to select talents, so why didn't Liu Biao discover and recommend Zhuge Liang?

The story begins when Liu Biao came to Jingzhou to take office.

After Wang Rui, Liu Biao's former governor of Jingzhou, was killed by Sun Jian, Jingzhou fell into a leaderless situation. Dong Zhuo wrote a letter appointing Liu Biao as the governor of Jingzhou. Only when Liu Biao arrived did he realize that this was a huge pit:

Yuan Shu, Sun Jian, and other local clan forces were all eyeing this position. Liu Biao, an outsider, could not even say anything, and he could not even take office normally

Faced with this situation, Liu Biao obeyed and quietly visited the largest clan power in Jingzhou: brothers Kuai Liang and Kuai Yue. He discussed the plan with Cai Mao and adopted the strategy of trapping and killing local clans and establishing independent armed forces. Very soon The entire Jingzhou was quickly pacified.

From then on, the situation was established that the Kuai family controlled money and food, and the Cai family controlled armaments. With the support of the largest clan, Liu Biao's position was secure.

As for why Zhuge Liang was not selected, it was because in the eyes of Jingzhou’s senior officials at the time, Zhuge Liang’s talents were not enough. Since his father died early, he and his younger brother lived with their uncle Zhuge Xuan.

Zhuge Xuan was originally serving as the governor of Yuzhang (today's Nanchang, Jiangxi Province). Unexpectedly, the government reassigned someone else, but did not arrange a place for Zhuge Xuan. But Zhuge Xuan had no choice but to join Liu Biao, so the Zhuge Liang brothers "worked hard with Nanyang".

At that time, officials of sufficient rank were recommended once a year. It is conceivable that for people like the Zhuge Liang brothers who did not have family support at that time, recommending them would be a waste of quota.

On the other hand, Zhuge Liang's talent was not recognized by Jingzhou's senior officials. Although he often compares himself to Guan Zhongleyi, "no one at that time would agree with him", you see, even the grassroots people don't recognize him, let alone the high-level people?

Third, Zhuge Liang gave up voluntarily

It is not entirely true to say that Zhuge Liang did not focus on his popularity. At least the famous character critic Pang Degong at the time labeled him "Wolong", which is comparable to "A capable minister in times of trouble is a traitor in troubled times" is much better. At the same time, his eldest sister married Pang Degong's son, and he also married Huang Chengyan's daughter, which was regarded as a marriage relationship between the Jingzhou gentry.

Huang Chengyan is a famous person in Jingzhou, and his wife is even more extraordinary. She is the eldest daughter of Cai Xi, a wealthy family in Jingzhou. As for Cai Xi's youngest daughter, her husband is Liu Biao. Therefore, Huang Chengyan and Liu Biao are brothers-in-law.

If Zhuge Liang wants to be an official, he can talk to his father-in-law and get a part-time job. But he must bear a serious consequence: in the future, his promotion channels will depend on the results of high-level battles. At the same time, it is impossible for him to change his family without special reasons. In the moral system of the time, this meant betrayal.

So Zhuge Liang must be cautious about his future.

The superposition of the two factors resulted in Liu Biao not choosing and reusing Zhuge Liang.

Zhuge Liang claimed that he "survives his whole life in troubled times and does not seek to learn and reach the princes." However, Zhuge Liang is actually closely related to the upper class people in Jingzhou, including Liu Biao. Zhuge Liang's father-in-law Huang Chengyan is the son-in-law of Cai Xi, the representative of the Nanjun clan. , Liu Biao is also the son-in-law of Cai Xi, and Cai Xi is the father of Cai Mao, a famous general in Jingzhou who holds real power. In other words, Liu Biao is Zhuge Liang's uncle, and Cai Mao is Zhuge Liang's uncle - his uncle who took the young Zhuge Liang to Jingzhou before. Zhuge Xuan himself was also a friend of Liu Biao - at the same time, Zhuge Liang's eldest sister was the wife of Kuai Qi, who came from a wealthy family in Jingzhou, and his second sister was the wife of Pang Shanmin, the son of Pang Degong.

(Zhuge Liang thanks Liu Biao, the two should still have many interactions)

In short, Zhuge Liang is inextricably linked to Liu Biao and the famous celebrities in Jingzhou. It stands to reason that Liu Biao should He supported and rewarded this "one of his own", but Liu Biao did not reuse Zhuge Liang.

Liu Biao did not reuse Zhuge Liang. To put it simply, there are two reasons: Liu Biao did not like Zhuge Liang; Zhuge Liang did not like Liu Biao.

The first reason is this: on the one hand, Liu Biao himself aimed at protecting the country and the people, and had no intention of competing for hegemony in the Central Plains, so there was no need for talents of Zhuge Liang's type; on the other hand, it was important to reuse Zhuge Liang, who was closely related to the Cai family. This may make the Cai family stronger and break the balance among Jingzhou's wealthy factions, which is in conflict with Liu Biao's strategy of being attached to the Jingzhou Group but not allowing any one of them to become powerful. The above two reasons are actually related to the fact that Liu Biao himself did not have a strong team strength, and he initially entered Jingzhou as an airborne officer.

The latter reason is this: the Jingzhou Group, represented by the local wealthy families, is relatively conservative. Their strategic positioning is to defend the territory and stabilize the people. If necessary, they may as well submit to the Central Plains overlord. Later, they did He suggested to Liu Biao that it would be better to rely on Jingzhou to directly attach to Cao Cao, but Zhuge Liang disagreed with Cao Cao. This may be due to his inherent ideal of helping the Han Dynasty reflected in "Longzhong Dui", or it may include his concern for Cao Cao's past in his hometown. He was dissatisfied with the massacre in Xuzhou; in addition, based on his own expectations compared to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, he did not want to follow Liu Biao or Liu Biao's successors and Cai Mao and others to surrender to Cao Cao in the foreseeable future after reluctantly becoming an official.

In our opinion, these two reasons are both possible, and the possibility of both existing at the same time is not small. However, Liu Biao did not reuse Zhuge Liang, which caused Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei to have a dispute. From the dragon and the wind from the tiger, the emperor and his ministers get along with each other.

First of all, many people will definitely doubt that Liu Biao is Zhuge Liang's uncle and the two are related, because in many people's impression, Zhuge Liang is just a mountain villager living in seclusion in Wollongong. So to make it easier for everyone to understand, here I will give you a detailed list of Zhuge Liang’s family background:

At that time, Cai Xi, a famous scholar in Jingzhou, had two daughters. The eldest daughter married Huang Chengyan, and the younger daughter married Huang Chengyan. Liu Biao. Later, the eldest daughter of Huang Chengyan and Cai Xi also gave birth to a daughter named Huang Yueying. In other words, Huang Yueying's mother's biological sister is Liu Biao's wife, so Huang Yueying should call Liu Biao her uncle.

Everyone should know what happened later. Zhuge Liang married Huang Yueying as his wife, so in terms of seniority, Zhuge Liang should also call Liu Biao his uncle. Of course, Zhuge Liang is not only related to Liu Biao, he is also related to Cai Mao, the top military leader in Jingzhou.

Because Cai Mao is the eldest son of Cai Xi above, which is equivalent to Huang Yueying's mother's biological brother. Therefore, according to seniority, Zhuge Liang should call Cai Mao his uncle. Not only that, Zhuge Liang's own eldest brother-in-law is Kuai Qi. Kuai Qi's elder brothers are Kuai Liang and Kuai Yue. The Kuai family is one of the most famous families in Jingzhou.

I think back then, Liu Biao was able to successfully establish a foothold in Jingzhou, largely because of the support he received from the Kuai family. Also, Zhuge Liang's second brother-in-law is called Pang Shanmin, and he is the son of Pang Degong. Everyone knows that the titles of Wolong, Fengchu and Mr. Shui Jing were judged by Mr. Pang De. Pang Degong was the first literary leader in Jingzhou area.

In this sense, Zhuge Liang is not only related to Liu Biao, but also has a close relationship with most of the senior officials in the Jingzhou area. Therefore, it stands to reason that with Zhuge Liang's talents, he should be successful in Jingzhou's political arena, and Liu Biao should also reuse him, so as not to be reduced to living in seclusion in the mountains.

So, why does this happen? In fact, the reason behind this was mentioned in "Three Kingdoms", that is, Zhuge Liang often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Leyi.

Everyone knows who Guan Zhong and Le Yi are. They were both people who once held great power, and were the most trusted and important people by the monarch.

To put it simply, the ideal position in Zhuge Liang's mind is to sit at the core of power and have the power to issue orders to everyone. Can Liu Biao give him such a position? It's obviously impossible.

Because, not to mention that Liu Biao himself was a weak leader, even if he was a strong leader, his direct team had already been established. It was a team with the Kuai brothers and Cai Mao brothers as the core. In this context, no matter how hard Zhuge Liang tried, he could only enter the second echelon and could not enter Liu Biao's core of power.

Perhaps after Liu Biao's son got up and the older generations died one after another, Zhuge Liang had the opportunity to sit in the first echelon. Faced with such a result, not to mention that Zhuge Liang himself was not optimistic about Liu Biao. Even if he was optimistic about Liu Biao, Zhuge Liang, who compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, would definitely not be able to accept it.

Under this background, Zhuge Liang was naturally too lazy to pay attention to Liu Biao, so he gathered a group of young people in Jingzhou, such as Xu Shu, Cui Zhouping, Shi Tao and others. With Zhuge Liang as the core, they hoped to Support a new leader to rule Jingzhou, so that the second generation can directly enter the core position of power, and Liu Bei happens to be the person they unanimously choose.

Of course, if Liu Bei came up and asked Zhuge Liang to start from the grassroots level, or only let him enter his second echelon, then Zhuge Liang would definitely not pay attention to Liu Bei.

Similarly, if Cao Cao is willing to visit the thatched cottage to invite Zhuge Liang and let him sit in the first echelon of his group, alongside Xun Yu, Cheng Yu and others, then Zhuge Liang will definitely follow Cao Cao.

However, Cao Cao cannot give Zhuge Liang such treatment, because their direct team is already very mature. If Zhuge Liang joins Cao Cao at this time, at most he can only enter the second echelon like Sima Yi and wait until his son Only after you come up can you truly enter the first echelon of the core of power.

Zhuge Liang was naturally unwilling to do this, so Liu Bei became Zhuge Liang's best choice at that time. So later Xu Shu took the initiative to seek refuge with Liu Bei. After gaining Liu Bei's trust, he then carried Zhuge Liang's sedan chair, and then there was the later Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage!