This paper analyzes the ideological content, artistic characteristics and its enlightenment to life of Qianchibi Fu.

In the fifth year of Yuanfeng in North Song Shenzong (1082), Su Shi was promoted to assistant minister of Yong Lian in Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case. During the period, I indulged in the mountains and rivers and presented two products of Chibi. People all over the world call July 16th of the Gregorian calendar "Pre-Chibi Fu" and October 15th "Post-Chibi Fu", which is a masterpiece at one time.

Fu is a style between verse and prose. Since the naming of Xunzi's Fu Pian, there have been a huge number of Han Fu, parallel prose Fu and well-regulated Fu in history. In the Tang Dynasty, imperial examinations were still written in flat tones. Du Mu's "A Fu" can be said to be the beginning, while Song Ouyang Xiu's "Autumn Sound Fu" has matured. Su Shi is brilliant. He got rid of the shackles of piling up allusions and observing the rhythm. In the freedom of syntax, structure and rhythm, he not only maintains the form of fu, but also contains rich poetry, which is very different from prose. Therefore, "Qian Chi Bi Fu" can walk freely and picturesque, which can be said to be an outstanding masterpiece of prose.

The theme of travel notes has always been to admire mountains and rivers, mostly to write scenery and express feelings. Su Shi's travels in Chibi bring forth the old and bring forth the new. First of all, his narrative style is a virtual structure in which the subject and object answer. The answer between subject and object is a traditional technique in fu, and both subject and object are the embodiment of the author. In Qian Chi Bi Fu, the guest's views and feelings are Su Shi's daily feelings and worries, while the master perilla expresses his transcendental understanding of man and the universe, which is caused by the doubt between vuvuzela and subject and object. Secondly, the prose of Ci and Fu is mostly parallel prose, which is called rhyme, which is also the main feature of Ci and Fu. The first sentence or the first few sentences of each paragraph in Qianchibi Fu are mostly scattered sentences. For example, the first paragraph of "wine returns to the guest" and "few words" are scattered sentences, the second paragraph of "so drink" is scattered sentences, the third paragraph is more scattered sentences, and the fourth paragraph is mainly scattered sentences. It can be seen that there are many loose sentences in the full text. But since it is a fu, it should be based on parallel prose or almost parallel prose. Qianchibi Fu is mostly composed of four characters and six characters, which is almost the same as Liu Siwen. Reading is uneven in order, but free in neatness. This not only shows the characteristics and charm of traditional Fu, but also keeps it without rigidity and pays attention to it without restraint. Finally, ci pays attention to the beauty of rhyme. There are many rhymes in Qianchibi Fu, but the rhymes change rapidly. Each paragraph has a rhyme or several rhymes, and the rhyme change is often a literal paragraph. Such as the sky, nature and immortals in the first paragraph, the desire, resentment, wisp and female in the second paragraph, the deer, genus, millet, poverty and wind in the fourth paragraph, and the subject, taking and color in the last paragraph. In a word, Qianchibi Fu is composed of prose, which unconsciously implies rhyme; Borrow a guest to ask questions and sigh that life is like sending. The language form of ci fu is used, but ordinary routines are abandoned, so that things like "Ruofu", "Ernai" and "Yes" are also abandoned. This is a new beauty of Su Shi's Fu, which combines the advantages and techniques of prose and Ci Fu.

Poetic fusion of scenery and emotion

After reading Qian Chi Bi Fu, we feel the beauty of Su Shi's works. You see, a gondola floats on the vast river, and the moonlight and the sky are one. So that the river is still moving and the wind is still riding the clouds, whether it is real or virtual, yes or no, but the article is about an ordinary scene, as Fang Bao, a writer in the Qing Dynasty, said, "What you see is unique (nothing special), but the literary environment is unattainable." The article is about scenery, landscape and romantic scenery. But why is it so touching? A: Its scenery is a fusion of poetry and painting.

Throughout the article, the scenery runs through, with "wind" and "moon" as the mainstay, supplemented by mountains and rivers. The first paragraph of "Wind" and "Moon" is unfolded. "The wind coming from Xu, the water waves stagnate" and "The moon rises above the East Mountain and lingers between bullfights" are all very concise, pointing out the wind and the moon and writing the river view. Then, the article repeatedly reproduces the images of "wind" and "moon". For example, in the song "Strike the sky, release the streamer clearly", the guests quoted Cao Cao's "The moon is rare" and "Holding the bright moon for a long time" and "Entrusting the legacy to hate Taiwan"

Su Shi's correct answer, "only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains", closely linked "wind" and "moon". The coherence of this scene not only makes the whole article structurally integrated, but also communicates the emotional context of the whole article. Look, Qiu Jiang breeze, clear starry sky, the moon moving. The boundless romantic moon is in my arms, and people seem to be floating in heaven. Just as the host and guest Tao Ran were feeling the word "music", this song led to the lingering sad flute, and the mood suddenly turned into inexplicable melancholy. This is to borrow scenery to create feelings, and scenery is the appearance of feelings; Emotion is born from the scene, and emotion is the connotation of the scene. Then, from the phrase "the moon stars are scarce, birds fly south", and from the mouth of this guest, Cao Cao, a historical figure, is used to express his feelings. Of course, Su Shi borrowed the relationship between scenery and land. Finally, the discussion is drawn from the bright moon and cool breeze in front of us, that is, people's common mountains and rivers, changeable romance, endless life. It can be seen that the common scenery of wind and moon is very similar to idle pen at first, but in Fu on a Thousand Red Walls, the feeling of happiness and sadness arises from the scenery of emptiness and streamer, while readers are unconsciously moved by this common scenery and attracted by the ups and downs of this feeling. Because this scene has the merits of historical figures, the emptiness of the ancient battlefield, and the author's broadmindedness and melancholy. It is precisely because of the repeated interpenetration of scenery, the constant ups and downs of sadness and joy, and the author's pleasant breathing that the integration of scenery and emotion has reached a perfect unity, which has made Chang Jing so charming.

Philosophical realm of life

It has always been said that "Qian Chi Bi Fu" has Zhuang Sao grammar, and the so-called chic and magical, out of the dust and unique customs, this theory is of course good. However, this article is immortal not only in Su Shi's writing style, but also in his profound thoughts and philosophy. What thoughts and philosophies are embodied in Qian Chi Bi Fu?

Some people think that "lamenting my long life and admiring the infinite Yangtze River" and lamenting that life is short are the main themes of the article. Some people may even say that Su Shi only advocates "eating, drinking and having fun" in this article. We think this theory is wrong. There are many poems by Su Shi, but there are not many works full of thoughts and profound interests, such as Fu on a Thousand Red Walls. Before "Red Cliff Fu", "Wind" and "Moon" were the main scenes, so the ideas and philosophies of the article were also included in "Wind" and "Moon". We know that in the fifth year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong, that is, in the early autumn when Su Shi exiled Huangzhou for three years, he and his friends took a boat to enjoy the moon in the Yangtze River under the Red Cliff in Huanggang. Su Shi's frustration in politics, career and life made him depressed and confused, which was natural for a scholar-bureaucrat in feudal society. However, the beauty of moonlit night and boating on the river brought him a comfortable mood. After the wine is ripe, the sad songs of the flute make him realize the change and invariability of things from the passage of water and the surplus and deficiency of the moon. "The deceased, but never go; Virtual surplus is like this, and death is different. " The water is passing, the moon is full and the sky is changing; However, although the previous wave has gone, the latter wave will come again, running water is still there, and there is no profit or loss in the month. It's the same. It hasn't changed. With the eternity of the water and the moon, every life that once accompanied the Yangtze River and the bright moon will be eternal, and all this belongs to infinity. This is the so-called "then things are infinite to me." After reading the article, we don't think the meaning of the article is positive. Is the realm of life revealed philosophical?

Although there are some words in the article, such as "mourn for my life for a moment and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River", it is both sad and secular for an elderly person who has failed to realize his ambition and wasted his life. From this point of view, we can understand that "my son and I are fishing on the river, making friends with fish and shrimp, and making friends with elk" and "a boat with a leaf, lifting a bottle for each other". That's not beer and skittles. This is an ordinary life, although it is not shocking. Harmonious scenery description, lyricism and discussion, blending society, life and nature in one furnace, overlooking man and the universe, full of human vicissitudes, lamenting that our life is limited, these are the reasons why the former Red Cliff Fu has been loved for a long time, and the article has endless charm.

Appreciate:

Let's start with Su Shi. It is well known that Su Huzi indulges in heroic and romantic articles. In my impression, besides playing chess, he has profound attainments in piano, books, painting, poetry, wine and tea, and is proficient in Yi. Therefore, his article, in terms of kit kat, is slightly lacking and has a high vision, which is really remarkable.

Now let's talk about this song "Former Red Cliff Fu". There is nothing new in the structure of this article. The traditional format of "yang-suppression-yang" gradually sublimated from scene to emotion, and finally reached the height of philosophy, which was also a common writing in Tang and Song Dynasties.

The brilliance of the article still lies in the realm. "The wind is cool and the waves are calm", which is a very quiet environment. In such an environment, how do you feel when you go boating under the red cliff and see "the white dew crosses the river and the water meets the sky"? "Vast as the wind of Feng Xu, I don't know what it is; It's like independence, feather and immortality. "What a perilla! I got carried away and forgot all about Cao Cao and Zhou Lang. The battle hundreds of years ago, in the eyes of perilla, in the bright moon of this river, and in the breeze of this cliff, really didn't change anything. Let's go, on such an autumn night.

Wait a minute, there's still wine to drink, beauty to owe, and confidant to talk to, wait a minute. "If you are in a good mood, you will sing an archaic song:" Return to Xi Lan's oar, and strike the sky and paint the streamer. I am in my arms, looking at the beauty and the sky. " What is fame? What is Li Lu? There are beautiful women in the world, and they should be in the far north. Yellow again? The Millennium has fallen again? Going by boat is welcome, even though you know that the city will fall and the country will be divided, where can the city and the country laugh like a beauty?

The artistic conception of Friends is much worse. "Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde?" "Isn't this Meng Zhizhi trapped in Zhou Lang?" A generation of heroes are also lost in this bright moon and cool breeze, not to mention you and me? Thousands of years later, who would have thought that on such a night and on such a boat, you and I would be here to do a "fishing firewood question and answer"? Heaven and earth are far away, and life is like a drop in the ocean; Time flies for a long time, and a hundred years is just fleeting. Now, we are facing the same sorrow as the ancients.

"That's not true." Perilla put forward her own opinion: "Let's look at it from another angle. Heaven and earth and you and me, a thousand years and a moment, are the same but different, but they are just a variable hidden between' whether there is or not'. Besides, everything has its owner. Maybe we are not the owners of fame and fortune, so there is nothing to cherish and envy. And that carefree mood depends entirely on you and me. In this case, let's be happy! "

As mentioned above, Su Shi is flexible, and in this article, what shines with the bold words is the meaning contained in it. The positive writing environment is painting dragons, which reflects extraordinary character; The latter theory is the finishing touch, highlighting superior wisdom and combining strength with wisdom, thus Perilla enters the realm of immortals.

Original "Red Cliff Fu"

First, import:

Mr. Yu has an essay called Su Dongpo's Breakthrough, which mainly talks about Su Shi's life experience and mental journey after he was demoted to Huangzhou because of Wutai Poetry Case. The author thinks that this purgatory-like experience made Su Shi really mature, so at the end of the article, Yu Yu Qiu wrote (projecting the following words):

"Maturity is a bright but not dazzling brilliance, a mellow but not greasy voice, a calmness that no longer needs to be observed from others, an atmosphere that eventually no longer attracts the surrounding areas, a smile that ignores the hustle and bustle, an extreme indifference that washes away, a thickness that does not need to be told, and a height that is not steep. The lofty sentiments ferment, the fierce mountain wind stops, and the rushing trickle merges into a lake. The result is-

The prelude to guiding the famous works through the ages has sounded, and a mysterious skylight is shooting at Huangzhou. "Niannujiao? "Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Red Cliff Fu" will be published soon. "

Second, the teacher recited the full text with music, demanding accurate pronunciation and rhythm, and listening to the teacher's handling of emotional changes in the article:

Third, the author introduces:

Su Shi (A.D.1037-101), a native of Dongpo, Meishan (Sichuan), was also called "the Three Soviets" with his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe, and was a member of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". He was a writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. After he won the Jinshi, he ascended the official career. In his early years, he was rejected for opposing Wang Anshi's political reform. Later, he was demoted to assistant ambassador of Huangzhou Yingyong for writing satirical poems. When Sima Guang was in power, the new law was abolished and Su Shi strongly opposed it. After the death of Wang Anshi and Sima Guang, they were repeatedly demoted because of the infighting of the ruling group, and finally they were demoted to Hainan Island, where they met Xie Bei at the age of 63 and died in Changzhou the following year.

In the field of literature and art, Su Shi is excellent in poetry, prose, calligraphy and painting. His calligraphy is as famous as Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang, and he is known as the four great calligraphers in Song Dynasty. He advocates similarity in painting and is good at painting bamboo.

Ideologically, Su Shi is proficient in classics and history. On the one hand, he admired Qu Yuan, Jia Yi, Zhuge Liang and other people who helped the world. He wrote to the imperial court many times, demanding reform. During his long term as an official, he did many good things under the guidance of the thought of "benevolent government and loving the people". On the other hand, he loves Tao Yuanming and likes reading Zhuangzi. In his political career, he experienced two heavy blows, which easily influenced Zhuangzi's thoughts, such as being broad-minded and detached, being cynical and even being born negatively. This is also an important factor that forms Su Shi's complex world outlook and often falls into the contradiction between "joining the WTO" and "being born".

A writer's world outlook will inevitably affect his creative practice, thus forming his own artistic personality and style. There are obvious traces of Zhuangzi's influence in Su Shi's literary works. Zhuangzi's prose is unrestrained and full of romanticism, and Su Shi's prose is also full of momentum. His Fu on a Thousand Cliffs is his masterpiece, and Su Shi's prose has formed its own characteristics on the basis of Mencius, Warring States Policy and the works of Jia Yi and Lu Zhi. Most of his political and historical essays are vigorous and fluent, so he is known as one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" and is the main leader of the revival movement of ancient Chinese literature led by Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty.

Fourth, the problem solution:

Huangzhou in the Song Dynasty is Huanggang in Hubei today. There is a scenic spot near the Yangtze River in the northwest of Huanggang. There stands a reddish-brown cliff, because it looks like a nose, and people call it Red Snoring Rock. Because the cliff is as steep as the wall, it is also called red cliff. In the first year of Song Shenzong, Su Shi suffered political persecution and was demoted to Huangzhou for two years. "The Yangtze River knows the beautiful outline of the fish, and the bamboo in the mountains is fragrant." Fresh fish in the water, new bamboo shoots in the mountains and all the scenery in Jiangcheng brought great comfort to Su Shi, who was politically frustrated. At this time, he once stood on the red cliff by the river, overlooking the picturesque countryside and singing the heroic River of No Return. On a quiet night in July 16, he went boating on the Yangtze River under Chibi and wrote a masterpiece "Fu on the Red Wall".

Brief introduction of verb (abbreviation of verb) Fu and the explanation of this article;

Fu is a style formed in Han Dynasty. Fu pays attention to literary talent, antithesis and rhythm, and has both poetic and poetic nature. The form is extensive and exaggerated, and there are many descriptions.

Fu in the early Han dynasty inherited the tradition of Sao style and gradually transformed into new fu. Jia Yi is a representative writer of Sao Style Fu. Mei Cheng's Seven Hairs marks the formation of a new prose style. Sima Xiangru's Zixu Fu and Shanglin Fu reflect the maturity of the new style of Fu. Lyric Fu appeared in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Fu in Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called parallel prose or law fu. What is close to prose is called "Wen Fu".

When Su Shi was demoted to be the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Yingyong, he visited Chibi (also known as Chibi Collection) in the northwest of the city to express his feelings for the landscape and wrote two poems about Chibi before and after. This article is one of them. This paper reflects the author's ideological course from openness to depression and from depression to freedom, and shows Su Shi's detached attitude and optimistic spirit when he is in adversity. This is an excellent literary work and a poetic philosophy with a beautiful culture. Literature is its form and philosophy is its soul. Through beautiful literary forms, he expounded his philosophy of free life integrating Confucianism, Taoism and philosophy, and showed the spiritual outlook of the literati in the Song Dynasty.

Six, writing background:

1080, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou. Here, he often comes to Shantou in Chibi for sightseeing or boating in the river. 1082, Su Shi came to Chibi again. At this time, he is nearly 50 years old, standing in Shantou, looking at the river flowing eastward, remembering that his achievements have been wasted, and he can't help thinking about the past and writing the famous article "Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia". On July 6th and 5th of this year/kloc-0, Su Shi visited Chibi and went down to the Yangtze River twice, and wrote the famous "Qian Chibi Fu" and "Hou Chibi Fu". "Fu on the Red Wall" has a far-reaching influence in the history of China literature and art, which provides creative themes for later generations' operas, paintings and sculptures. Li, a painter in the Song Dynasty, and Tang Yin, a painter in the Ming Dynasty, both painted Su Shi's A Tour of Chibi. Su Shi's creative activities in Chibi add luster to Chibi. The Qing people simply named Huangzhou Chibi "Dongpo Chibi" and engraved it on the forehead of the building, making it famous all over the world. Until today, there are still places of interest, such as Er Fu Yard, Yongjiang Pavilion, Chibi, Dongpo and Huanggang Poxian Pavilion.

Seven. Content structure:

This paper describes the beautiful scenery on the moonlit night and the pleasant mood of boating on the river and drinking and writing poems, and then plays a very melancholy tone through the guest's flute, which causes a reply between the host and the guest, and the focus of the article shifts to the debate on the attitude of students. The article reveals some negative emotions, but it also embodies an open-minded and optimistic spirit. Contain without revealing, intended to imply. Deeply integrated into the description of the scenery, full of grief and indignation under the broad-minded wind. This is one of the reasons why it became a famous article.

Full text * * * five paragraphs.

The first paragraph, describing the night tour in Chibi, shows a poetic realm: the breeze and the bright moon are intertwined, and the dew and water set each other off. In this beautiful night scene, the host and guest go boating in the autumn night and recite poems to the wine. Being in such a beautiful scenery, the author felt the joy of "leaving the world behind" and "feathering", and could not help but be on cloud nine. So as to set a melodious and harmonious tone for the full text.

In the second paragraph, the writer's drinking and singing joy and the guest's sad flute sound. The flute sounded sad. The six metaphors of grief, admiration, crying, complaining, dragon dancing and the bride's crying have rendered Xiao Sheng's sadness, and the subject and object are touched by the scene, resulting in the following discussion of the subject-object question and answer.

The third paragraph describes the pessimism of the guests that life is short and impermanent. The author recalls the past and present through questions between subject and object, and describes his feelings about life in heaven and earth. The guests thought of Cao Cao's poems from the bright moon and mountains in front of them. Everything in the world, heroes and heroes, are just passing clouds, disappearing with the passage of time and gone with the wind. Thinking of being demoted to Huangzhou, I can't help feeling sad for my wasted youth.

In the fourth paragraph, the writer puts aside his personal troubles and enjoys the beautiful scenery of nature and an open-minded and cheerful mood. Perilla's answer, taking care of the article and writing about the scenery, shows that everything in the world and life have changed and have not changed. From the perspective of change, everything in the world can't stay the same even in the blink of an eye; From an immutable point of view, everything and human beings are immutable. There is no need to envy infinity and the moon will never increase or decrease, and there is no need to lament the shortness of life. On the contrary, we should remain optimistic.

In the fifth paragraph, write that the guest turned grief into joy, and the host and guest drank heartily and fell asleep soundly. This ending is meaningful, which not only takes care of the happiness that was detached from the fairy at the beginning, but also gives a hint to political opponents: although he was persecuted and relegated to Huangzhou, his life was not bad, and he was not lonely or distressed. This is actually a protest.