Text Interpretation of Guo Qin's Theory

The first paragraph of the article explains the geographical advantages and political ambitions of Qin State, and summarizes the situation of Shang Yang's political reform and Zhang Yi's Lian Heng, as well as the victory of the Xihe War. Generally speaking, what I wrote was a great achievement, which laid a solid foundation for the unification of Qin State.

The main content of the second paragraph is about the achievements of King Huiwen of Qin, Qin Wuwang and King Zhao Xiang of Qin. First describe the achievements of its territorial expansion, and then write the Shandong vassal alliance, written by corporal Liu Gong. There are many talented people, and the attack on Qin is huge. Here, the author uses the contrast method to describe that the Nine Kingdoms of Shandong used millions of teachers to "attack Qin", but the Qin people "switched on and off to stop the enemy" and "the teachers of the Nine Kingdoms wandered around and dared not enter". Moreover, as for "burying millions of corpses, boating in bloodshed ... killing the world, splitting mountains and rivers ...", the powerful power of Qin was set off by the vast territory of the nine countries. In this way, one is to pave the way for the comparison between Chen She and the division of six countries, and the other is what Zhang Ben calls "the offensive and defensive trends are different" below. What he said here is that "attacking" (the world) is in full swing, which is in contrast with the "defending" trend of the Qin Dynasty after the Chen She Uprising, indicating the theme.

The third paragraph always describes the achievements of Qin Shihuang, that is, his efforts to unify and consolidate the world. There are two points to pay special attention to here: First, the author describes in detail the supreme authority of Qin Shihuang after unifying the world, "Conquer the internal affairs with a strong and long-term strategy, swallow the princes for two weeks, control Liuhe according to the supreme rule, whip the world and shake the world." The implication is that after Qin unified the world, its strength increased, and "making the eight countries in the same column" meant that the king of Qin changed from a vassal to a son of heaven. From the development of Yongzhou to the occupation of the world, the enhancement of national strength is self-evident. This has become the basis of the following "different offensive and defensive trends", and "attack" is based on Yongzhou. "Guarding" is based on the world, and the strength of defending is greater than attacking, but the result is the opposite. Isn't it more thought-provoking Secondly, the author tries his best to describe a series of measures taken by Qin Shihuang to consolidate his political power, and describes it in detail from the aspects of politics, military, culture, criminal law and geographical situation. The shadow of tyranny has appeared in the positive description, which has laid the groundwork for the later "benevolence and righteousness are not applicable" Qin Shihuang thought of everything except one thing: benevolence and righteousness.

The fourth paragraph always talks about the Chen She Uprising and the result of its suppression. This paragraph describes in detail Chen She's humble origin, hasty uprising, weak foot soldiers and poor weapons; But it also shows that the world is responding to the situation in Chen She. The former is that the tyranny of Qin makes the people miserable, and the insurgents are not like the army; The latter is the tyranny of Qin, which makes people lose their hearts. Bitter Qin hates Qin, and the world is the enemy of Qin. Can Qin An survive? These have all become the ending proofs of "no benevolence and no righteousness, different offensive and defensive trends". The failure of benevolence and righteousness made the whole world fight against Qin, and finally made Qin's defense flustered, paving the way for the theme to become clear.