Please give examples of the application of biochemical principles and techniques in clinical medicine (at least 5 items)

1. The electrophoresis pattern of creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum is used to diagnose coronary heart disease, transaminase is used to diagnose liver disease, and amylase is used to diagnose pancreatitis. In terms of treatment, the discovery of sulfa drugs opened up a new field of using antimetabolites as chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of tumors.

2. The discovery of penicillin ushered in a new era of antibiotic chemotherapy drugs. Coupled with the widespread application of various vaccines, many infectious diseases that seriously endanger human health have been controlled or basically eliminated.

3. The combination of biochemical theories and methods with clinical practice has resulted in many fields of medical biochemistry, such as: studying the pathological biochemistry of physiological dysfunction and metabolic disorders, focusing on the activity of enzymes and hormones. Biochemical pharmacology focusing on action and metabolic pathways, immunobiochemistry related to organ transplantation and vaccine development, etc.

4. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, traditional gravimetric and volumetric analysis methods (titration methods) were mostly used for components in blood and urine, which were not very sensitive, required a large amount of specimens, and took a long time. It is cumbersome and limits its wide clinical application.

At the beginning of the 20th century, especially since Folin used the colorimetric method to measure creatinine in 1904, a series of colorimetric analytical methods for the determination of blood biochemical components were established. Duboseq was the first to design a visual colorimetry method.

5. In 1926, Waiter Gannon used the term "homeostasis" (relatively stable internal environment), replacing and developing Claude Bernard's concept of constant intracellular environment, which was instrumental in promoting the development of clinical biochemistry. It has had a profound influence and has become the guiding ideology of experimental research in the past 50 years.

The role of theory and practice in the field of body fluid water, electrolyte and acid-base balance pioneered by Van Slyke and others in clinical diagnosis and treatment is a representative example.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Clinical Biochemistry

Baidu Encyclopedia - Biochemistry