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Talk about Madame Curie in your heart
Marie Curie (1867.11.7-1934.7.4), born in Poland, French physicist and chemist. A world-famous scientist who studied radioactive phenomena and discovered two natural radioactive elements, radium and polonium, won the Nobel Prize twice in his life (the first time he won the Nobel Prize in Physics and the second time he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry). She spent several years studying radium. As an outstanding scientist, Marie Curie had a social influence that ordinary scientists did not have. Especially because she is a pioneer of successful women, her example has inspired many people. Many people heard her story as children but mostly got a simplified and incomplete impression. The world's understanding of Madame Curie was largely influenced by her daughter's biography "Madame Curie" published in 1937. This book beautifies the life of Marie Curie and calmly handles the twists and turns she encountered in her life. American biographer Susan Quinn spent seven years collecting unpublished diaries and biographical information from Curie family members and friends. A new book was published last year: "Maria Curie: A Life", which paints a more detailed and in-depth image of her hard, bitter and struggling life. Her eldest daughter Irena, a nuclear physicist, and her husband Joliot won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery of artificial radioactive substances. The second daughter, Eve, is a musician and biographer. Her husband, as the Director-General of the United Nations Children's Fund, received the Nobel Peace Prize awarded to the organization by the King of Sweden in 1965.
[Edit this paragraph] Biography
Maria was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. After graduating from high school, she suffered from mental illness for a year. Because she was a woman, she could not continue her studies at any Russian or Polish university, so she worked as a governess for several years. Eventually, with financial support from her sister, she moved to Paris and studied mathematics and physics at the Sorbonne (the old name of the University of Paris). After four years of hard work, Maria obtained two master's degrees in physics and mathematics from the University of Paris. There she became the school's first female lecturer.
Maria met another lecturer at the Sorbonne, Pierre Curie, who was her future husband. The two of them often conduct research on radioactive materials together, mainly pitchblende ore, because the total radioactivity of this ore is stronger than the radioactivity of the uranium it contains. In 1898, the Curies proposed a logical inference about this phenomenon: pitchblende ore must contain some unknown radioactive component, and its radioactivity is far greater than that of uranium. On December 26, Marie Curie announced the idea of ??the existence of this new substance.
In the following years, the Curies continued to refine the radioactive components in pitchblende ore. After unremitting efforts, they finally succeeded in separating radium chloride and discovered two new chemical elements: polonium (Po) and radium (lei). Because of their discoveries and research on radioactivity, the Curies and Henri Becquerel won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, making Marie Curie the first person in history to win the Nobel Prize. of women. Eight years later, in 1911, Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her successful isolation of the element radium. Surprisingly, after Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize, she did not apply for a patent for the method of refining pure radium, but made it public. This approach effectively promoted the development of radiochemistry.
In her later years, Marie Curie had an affair with Paul Langevin, her husband's former student. This incident caused uproar in France. The title of the Paris News on November 4, 1911 was "Love Story: Madame Curie and Professor Langevin". It was rumored that Langevin and Madame Curie had close contacts while Pierre was still alive. Einstein's view on this matter was that if they fell in love, no one could care about them. He wrote a letter to Mrs. Curie on November 23, 1911, to express his comfort.
Marie Curie was the first person in history to win two Nobel Prizes, and was one of only two people to win Nobel Prizes in different fields. During World War I, Marie Curie advocated the use of radiology to rescue the wounded and promoted the use of radiology in the medical field. Later, she traveled to the United States in 1921 to raise funds for radiology research.
Marie Curie died on July 4, 1934 in Haute-Savoie, France due to excessive exposure to radioactive materials. After this, her eldest daughter Irène Joliot-Curie won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her youngest daughter Eve Curie wrote "The Biography of Madame Curie" after her mother's death. During the inflation of the 1990s, Marie Curie's face appeared on Polish and French currency and stamps. The chemical element curium (Cm, 96) was named in honor of the Curies. Marie Curie authored "My Faith".
1. Entering the University of Paris through self-study
Marie Curie was the youngest of five children in her family, and also the smartest. Her father is a middle school mathematics and science teacher with very limited income, and her mother is also a middle school teacher. Mary's childhood was unfortunate. Her mother contracted a serious infectious disease, and it was her eldest sister who took care of her when she grew up. Later, her mother and eldest sister died of illness one after another when she was less than 10 years old. Her life was filled with hardships. Such a living environment not only cultivated her ability to live independently, but also helped her develop a very strong character since she was a child.
Mary has been very diligent and hard-working since she was a child. She has a strong interest and special hobby in learning. She never lets go of any learning opportunity easily and shows a tenacious and enterprising spirit everywhere. Since elementary school, she has ranked first in every subject. At the age of 15, he graduated from middle school with a gold medal for outstanding results. Her father had previously studied physics at St. Petersburg University. His thirst for scientific knowledge and strong ambition also deeply inspired little Mary. She loved the various instruments in her father's laboratory very much since she was a child. When she grew up, she read many books on natural science, which filled her with fantasy. She was eager to explore the scientific world. But her family's financial situation did not allow her to go to college. At the age of 19, she began to work as a long-term tutor. At the same time, she also studied various subjects on her own to prepare for her future studies. In this way, until the age of 24, she finally came to study at the Faculty of Science of the University of Paris. With a strong desire for knowledge, she listened to every class with concentration. The hard study made her physically worse and worse, but her academic performance was always among the best. This not only made her classmates envious, but also surprised the professors. , two years after enrolling, she took the physics bachelor's degree exam with confidence, and she ranked first among 32 candidates. The next year, she obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics with second place honors.
At the beginning of 1894, Marie accepted a scientific research project on the magnetic properties of various steels proposed by the French National Council for the Promotion of Industry. In the process of completing this scientific research project, she met Pierre Curie, a teacher at the School of Physics and Chemistry, who was a very accomplished young scientist. They were united by a common desire to use science to benefit mankind. After Mary got married, people respectfully called her Madame Curie. In 1896, Marie Curie completed the job examination for university graduates with first place. The next year, she completed another study on the magnetism of various steels. However, she was not satisfied with the results she had achieved, and was determined to take the PhD exam and determined her own research direction. Standing on a new starting line.
2. The Light of Radium
In 1896, the French and American physicist Becquerel published a work report detailing his work through many experiments. The discovered uranium element, uranium and its compounds have a special ability. They can automatically and continuously emit a ray that is invisible to the naked eye. This ray is different from ordinary light and can penetrate black paper and make photographic films Photosensitivity, which is different from the Roentgen rays discovered by Roentgen, can occur automatically from uranium and uranium salts without high vacuum gas discharge and external high voltage. Uranium and its compounds continuously emit rays and radiate energy outwards. This made Madame Curie very interested. Where does this energy come from? What is the nature of this unusual ray? Marie Curie was determined to uncover its secrets. In 1897, Marie Curie selected her own research topic - the study of radioactive substances. This research topic brought her into a new world of science. She worked hard to open up a virgin land, and finally completed one of the most important discoveries in the history of modern science, the radioactive element radium, and laid the foundation of modern radiochemistry, making great contributions to mankind.
3. A mind like gold
Due to the amazing discoveries of the Curies, they and Becquerel won the Nobel Prize in Physics in December 1903. The couple's scientific achievements are world-famous, but they extremely despise fame and fortune, and are most tired of boring social activities. They devoted everything to the cause of science without seeking any personal gain. After successfully refining radium, some people advised them to apply for patent rights from the government and monopolize the manufacturing of radium to make a fortune. Marie Curie said: "That goes against the spirit of science. Scientists' research results should be published publicly and should not be subject to any restrictions if others want to develop them." "Besides, radium is good for patients, and we should not use it to make profits." The Curies also gave away a large number of their Nobel Prizes to others.
In 1906, Mr. Curie unfortunately passed away in a car accident. Mrs. Curie suffered tremendous pain. She was determined to redouble her efforts to fulfill their common scientific ambitions. The University of Paris decided to let Madame Curie take over from Mr. Curie to teach physics. Marie Curie became the first female professor in the history of the famous University of Paris. When her couple isolated the first batch of radium salts, they began to study the various properties of radiation. Between 1889 and 1904 alone, they published 32 academic reports, recording their exploration of radiological science. In 1910, Marie Curie completed another book, "Monograph on Radioactivity". She also collaborated with others to successfully prepare radium metal. In 1911, Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A female scientist won the world's highest science award twice in two different scientific fields in less than 10 years. This is a unique thing in the history of world science!
In 1914, the Institute of Radium Science was established in Paris, and Marie Curie served as the research director of the institute. She continued to teach at the university and was engaged in research on radioactive elements. She was generous in spreading scientific knowledge to everyone who wanted to learn. She has been studying and working for 50 years since she was 16 years old. But she still didn't change her strict lifestyle. She has had a high degree of self-sacrifice since she was a child. In her early years, she was willing to work as a servant in other people's homes in order to support her sister's education. While studying in Paris, in order to save lamp oil and heating expenses, she studied in the library every night and did not leave until the library closed. The pitchblende required to extract pure radium was very expensive at the time. They saved bit by bit from their living expenses and bought 8 or 9 tons. After Mr. Curie passed away, Madame Curie bought thousands of tons. The radium, which was extracted with great pains and worth more than 1 million gold francs, was donated free of charge to laboratories researching and treating cancer.
In 1932, the 65-year-old Marie Curie returned to her motherland to attend the opening ceremony of the "Warsaw Radium Institute". Madame Curie has been away from her motherland since her youth and went to France to study in France. But she never forgot her homeland. When she was a child, her native Poland was invaded by Tsarist Russia, and she hated the invaders very much. When the couple isolated a new element from the mineral, she named it polonium. This is because the root word for polonium is the same as the name of Poland. She used this to express her deep memory for her motherland, which was enslaved by Tsarist Russia.
For decades, Marie Curie was often attacked by radioactive elements due to her long-term research work on radioactive substances, harsh experimental environment and insufficient physical protection. Her blood was gradually affected by He was destroyed and suffered from leukemia. She also suffered from lung disease, eye disease, bile disease, kidney disease, and even suffered from insanity. For Marie Curie, scientific research was more important than her own health. She once asked doctors to postpone kidney surgery in order to attend the World Physics Congress; she once returned to China despite being ill to attend the opening ceremony of the Radium Institute. She once endured the fear of blindness and tenaciously conducted scientific research. Until her last breath, due to pernicious anemia and persistent high fever, when she was lying in bed, she still asked her daughter to report to her on the work in the laboratory and proofread her book "Radioactivity" for her. Marie Curie died of her injuries on July 4, 1934. She devoted her life completely to the great cause of science.
On July 4, 1934, Madame Curie died of illness. She eventually died of pernicious anemia. She created and developed radiation science throughout her life, and fearlessly studied highly radioactive substances for a long time, until she finally dedicated her life to this science.
During her life, she won 10 prestigious prizes including the Nobel Prize, 16 medals from high-level international academic institutions, and more than 100 titles awarded by governments and scientific research institutions around the world. But she was as modest and cautious as ever. The great scientist Albert Einstein commented: "Of all the famous people I know, Marie Curie is the only one who is not overwhelmed by fame!"
[Edit this paragraph] Related The short story of Madame Curie
Indifferent to fame and fortune
Madame Curie is famous all over the world, but she neither seeks fame nor fortune. She won 10 bonuses, 16 medals, and 117 honorary titles in her lifetime, but she didn't care at all. One day, a friend of hers came to her home and suddenly saw her little daughter playing with the gold medal that the Royal Society had just awarded her. He was surprised and said, "Mrs. Curie, she got a medal from the Royal Society." , is a very high honor, how can you give it to your children to play with?" Madame Curie smiled and said: "I want my children to know from an early age that honors are like toys, they can only be played with, and they must not be taken too seriously. Be careful, otherwise nothing will be accomplished."
Teach your daughters well
Madame Curie had two daughters. "Seizing the age advantage of intellectual development" is Marie Curie's important "know-how" for developing children's intelligence. As early as when her daughter was less than one year old, Madame Curie guided her children to engage in intellectual gymnastics training for young children, guide them to have extensive contact with strangers, go to the zoo to watch animals, let them learn to swim, and appreciate the beauty of nature. When the children were a little older, she taught them a kind of artistic intellectual gymnastics, and taught them to sing children's songs and tell fairy tales. When they get older, let the children undergo intellectual training, teach them to read, play the piano, do handicrafts, etc., and also teach them to drive and ride horses.
Simple life
When Madame Curie and Pierre Curie got married in 1895, there were only two chairs in the new house, one for each of them. Pierre Curie felt that there were too few chairs and suggested adding a few more to avoid having no place to sit when guests came. However, Madame Curie said: "It is good to have chairs, but guests will not leave after they sit down. In order to have more When you have time to do research, forget it!”
Madame Curie’s annual salary has increased to 40,000 francs, but she is still “generous”. Every time she comes back from abroad, she always brings back some menus from the banquet, because these menus are made of very thick and fine paper, and it is very convenient to write on the back. No wonder some people said that Madame Curie was "like a poor woman in a hurry" until her death.
Once, an American reporter was looking for Madame Curie. He walked to the door of a fisherman's house in the village and asked a woman sitting barefoot on the stone slab at the door where Madame Curie lived. When the woman raised her head, the reporter was shocked: it turned out to be Marie Curie.
[Edit this paragraph] Four aspects of moral education by Madame Curie
1. Cultivate them to be frugal, simple, and light on money. Her love for her daughters manifested itself as a controlled love and a sensible love. She strictly controlled her daughters' lives and asked them to "be frugal to support their ambitions." She taught her daughters: "Poverty is certainly inconvenient. , but being too rich is not necessarily a good thing. You must rely on your own strength to make a living. ”
2. Cultivate them to be non-utopian and realistic. She warned her two daughters: "We should not waste our lives."
3. Cultivate their character of being brave, strong, optimistic and able to overcome difficulties. She often encourages her children: "We must have perseverance, especially self-confidence."
4. Teach them that they must love the motherland. In addition to teaching them Polish, Marie Curie also infected Irena and Eve with her dedication to helping the scientific development of her motherland and Polish students studying abroad. Especially the motherland that they never forget.
[Edit this paragraph] Madam Curie’s famous quotes
If you can live according to your ideals, with a spirit of integrity and freedom, and with courageous perseverance,
If you act with honest thoughts and no self-deception, you will surely reach a state of perfection and perfection.
——Marie Curie
The weak wait for the opportunity; the strong create the opportunity.
——Marie Curie
We should not waste our lives in vain, we should be able to say: "I have done what I can do."
"
—— Marie Curie
On the road to fame, what is shed is not sweat but blood, and their names are not written with pens but with pens
Written with life.
—Marie Curie —
I think people can live interesting and useful lives in every period, and we should be able to say, "We have done what we can do", people can only ask us to do this, and only in this way can we have a little happiness - Marie Curie
We Poles, when the country was enslaved. At that time, you have no right to leave your homeland. Author: Marie Curie
If you can live according to your ideals, act with a spirit of integrity and freedom, courageous perseverance, and honest thoughts without self-deception, We must be able to reach the state of perfection.
—Marie Curie
We live our lives happily every day, and don’t wait until the days pass to find out how lovely they are. point, and don’t put all your particularly desirable hopes in the future. --------Marie Curie
The foundation of science is a healthy body. ---Marie Curie
I want to turn life into a scientific dream, and then turn the dream into reality
---Marie Curie
We have to eat, sleep, and browse. , love, that is to say, we have to be exposed to the sweetest things in life, but we must not succumb to these things
---Marie Curie
Nothing in life. is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie Curie)
There is nothing to be afraid of in life, only things that need to be understood. Marie Curie
People must want it. Be patient, and especially have confidence.
——Marie Curie
Turn life into fantasy, and then turn fantasy into reality —— Marie Curie
We should not waste our lives and should be able to say: "I have done what I can do. " —— Marie Curie
The invisible world of human beings is not a fantasy phantom, but a real existence illuminated by the light of science. What is noble is the power of science. --- Marie Curie< /p>
What is important in science is the "thing" that is studied, not the "person" of the researcher. --- Marie Curie
Only by paying equal attention to both gymnastics and music can we become successful. Complete personality. Because gymnastics can exercise the body and music can cultivate the spirit. ---Marie Curie
The foundation of science is a healthy body.
You must have patience, especially confidence. ---Marie Curie
People must have perseverance, otherwise nothing will be achieved ---Marie Curie
I have never had it. If you are lucky, you will never expect to be lucky in the future. My highest principle is: never give in to any difficulties! ---Marie Curie
Our life does not seem to be easy, but what does it matter? ? We should have perseverance, especially self-confidence! ---Marie Curie
We should not waste our lives, and we should be able to say: "I have done what I can do." " --- Marie Curie
If you can live your life following your ideals and act with the spirit of freedom, the perseverance to move forward, and the thoughts of honesty and non-self-deception, you will surely achieve perfection. Situation. ---Marie Curie
I think you must seek spiritual strength from an idealism that can transform our hopes and aspirations without making us proud. Fantasy has risen to a very high level. ---Marie Curie
Human beings also need people with ideals. For such people, selflessly developing a career is so fascinating that they are fascinated by it. It is impossible to care about their personal material interests. ---Marie Curie
Honor is like a toy, you can only play with it, you must not keep it forever, otherwise you will achieve nothing.
---Marie Curie
I regard your bonus as a loan of honor, and it helped me obtain the initial honor. The loan should be returned, and please reissue it to other poor Polish youths who are determined to strive for greater honors. ---Marie Curie
Honor makes me more and more stupid. Of course, this phenomenon is very common, that is, a person's actual situation is often very inconsistent with how others think he is. For example, for me, every time I purr softly, it turns into a trumpet solo. ---Marie Curie
Human beings also need dreamers. Such people are obsessed with the selfless development of a cause and cannot pay attention to their own material interests. ---Marie Curie
I think we should find spiritual strength in an idealism that makes us not proud but allows us to achieve noble goals with our hopes and dreams. realm. ---Marie Curie
We must have perseverance, especially self-confidence! We must believe that our gifts are meant for something, and that something must be done no matter how high the cost. ---Marie Curie
Turn life into fantasy, and then turn fantasy into reality. ---Marie Curie
We Poles have no right to leave our motherland when our country is enslaved. ---Marie Curie
The motherland is more important than life. It is our mother and our land. ---Marie Curie
I want to turn life into a scientific dream, and then turn the dream into reality. ---Marie Curie
The world invisible to human beings is not a fantasy phantom, but a real existence illuminated by the light of science. What is noble is the power of science. ---Marie Curie
What is important in science is the "thing" studied, not the "person" of the researcher. ---Marie Curie
If you act with honest thoughts and no self-deception, you will surely reach the state of perfection. —Marie Curie
The weak wait for the opportunity; the strong create the opportunity. - Marie Curie
On the road to fame, what is shed is not sweat but blood, and their names are not written with pens but with lives. —Marie Curie
I believe that people can live interesting and useful lives in every period. We should not waste our lives and should be able to say: "I have done what I can do." - Marie Curie
We should live life happily every day, and don't wait until the days have passed to find out. Their endearing qualities do not place all hope of special desirability in the future. --------Marie Curie
We have to eat, sleep, browse, and fall in love, that is to say, we have to be exposed to the sweetest things in life, but we must not succumb to these things. ---Marie Curie
There is nothing to be afraid of in life, only things that need to be understood. ——Marie Curie
Only by paying equal attention to both gymnastics and music can one become a complete personality. Because gymnastics can exercise the body and music can cultivate the spirit. ---Marie Curie
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