What does it mean to stand at 30, not be confused at 40, know your destiny at 50, be obedient at 60, and be free at 70?

Confucius said: I am determined to learn at five out of ten, stand at thirty, be puzzled at forty, know my destiny at fifty, listen at sixty, and act at seventy without overstepping the bounds.

Shu of Emperor Xing said that this chapter was Confucius' seclusion to saints and Shu Ren, urging people to study hard.

"Nine times out of ten, I am determined to learn. The word "you" has the same sound and meaning as the word "you". In ancient Chinese syntax, five of ten means five of ten, and the style is fifteen. Confucius said, "I was determined to learn at the age of fifteen. "Biography of Mao Poetry" said: "Poets have aspirations, aspirations in their hearts, and words are poems. According to this explanation, "ambition" is what the heart is, which means wholeheartedly. "Determined to learn" means to concentrate on learning. " "Historical Records Confucius Family" said: "Confucius played for his son, and the imperial guards gave gifts. Confucius knew learning from an early age. Here Confucius said that he was fifteen years old and devoted himself to studying, and Huang Xing's Shu was interpreted according to White Tiger Tongbi Yong. Fifteen is the age of adulthood, so he has been studying since he was fifteen. Liu's "Justice" According to the "White Tiger Biography", 15 years old is the year of entering the university, and what he has learned is the classics. According to the Book of Rites University, from the beginning of knowing things to the end of governing the country and the world, Liu is a classic learned by the university.

"Thirty. The emperor's "Shu": "Li, that is, what you have learned, is also established. Liu's Theory of Justice: "Standing is learning." . From the age of fifteen, I was determined to learn. By the age of thirty, what I had learned had been established. In other words, learning is rooted and powerful, which cannot be shaken by external forces.

"Forty without confusion." Kong Anguo notes that "not confused" means not confused. Cheng Shude's The Analects of Confucius quotes the last three sentences of Huang's The Analects of Confucius: "If you stand, you must not be confused first, and then you will not be confused. Why not?" Confucius said, you can stand with it, not with it. Stand up and observe the scriptures. Don't be confused, also reach the right. "Don't be confused", you can exercise your power when something happens, nothing, nothing. "Li" means: you can do it, but you can't do it. I don't know how to change. Therefore, "stand at thirty, but don't be confused at forty."

"You know your destiny at the age of fifty." Destiny "is a command from heaven. For example, Liu's Justice quoted Dong Zhongshu's Hanshu as saying: "God's will means fate. Liu's Theory of Justice said: "Those who know the destiny, their confidants, are born in vain. Master Gai, when Zhou declined, saints did not last long. When you are 50 years old, you can learn the Book of Changes and know that you have something to do, but it's no big deal to be modest. Then the reason why Heaven gave birth to itself is to live up to itself. Therefore, I have a responsibility to know my own destiny. Life depends on itself, but by heaven, saints dare not resign. Confucius studied Yi, but he knew his own destiny. Although we know the destiny, we may not know it, so we must first believe the holy word to learn it.

"Sixty and obedient. Zheng Kangcheng's note: "Listen to his ears, smell his words and know his meaning." The emperor's Shu: "But if you listen to what he says, you will know its meaning. Listen to what you don't listen to, so listen. The emperor's Shu is quoted as saying: "The heart follows the ear, so the ear obeys." Shunza's Shuo Wen: "Reason also damages the page. Zhu Duan believes that the circulation from the top of the head to the heel, such as a river, is smooth. Follow it, and you will see justice and organization. It can be seen that "listening to the ear" means that the function of the ear has been psychologically smooth for yourself and others, so you can smell what others are saying, that is, you know what others are thinking. This is a place where you can hear and hear.

"Do it at seventy, and don't exceed the moment." Obedience from the heart Moment is a tool to end one side, and prose is a giant, which extends to the meaning of statutes. At the age of seventy, Confucius obeyed his own inner wishes without overstepping the rules. It is natural and legal to follow one's inclinations, that is, to be tempted without deviating from the Tao.

Cheng Shude's Annotations on the Analects of Confucius quoted Gu Xiancheng's lecture notes and said, "This chapter is a chronicle of Confucius' life and a wonderful recipe for masterpieces throughout the ages. Guggenheim believes that Confucius' ambition to study at the age of fifteen to forty is to cultivate the realm. Fifty knowing the destiny is awakening. Sixty is obedient, and seventy is from the heart, which is proof. Guggenheim said that makes sense.