Tell me about the whole process of engineering construction with examples?

This paper takes high-strength prestressed pipe pile raft foundation, frame-shear structure, underground 1 floor and 34 floors above ground as examples.

First, the preliminary construction preparation stage

1, Geological Survey

The geological unit is entrusted by the construction unit to analyze and evaluate the geological structure or geological structure: topography, hydrogeological conditions, physical and mechanical properties of rock and soil, etc. According to the relevant data provided by the design, issue a detailed "Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Report" to provide the required engineering geological data for the design and construction.

2. Investigation of cultural relics

According to the relevant provisions of the National Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, when carrying out a capital construction project, the construction unit shall report to the cultural relics administrative department of the government in advance, and organize units engaged in archaeological excavation to conduct archaeological investigation and exploration of places where cultural relics may be buried within the project scope.

If cultural relics are found in archaeological investigation and exploration, the cultural relics administrative departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the requirements of cultural relics protection, agree with the construction unit on protection measures; In case of important discoveries, the administrative departments of cultural relics of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall promptly report to the administrative departments of cultural relics of the State Council for handling.

3, building slope and deep foundation pit engineering design review

Design scheme evaluation refers to the technical demonstration of the safety, economy and rationality of the design scheme of building slopes and deep foundation pits by the competent departments of housing and urban and rural construction at or above the county level or their entrusted institutions according to the relevant national and local technical specifications and relevant mandatory provisions. Its purpose is to strengthen the management of building slopes and deep foundation projects and ensure the safety of construction projects and their adjacent buildings, underground pipelines and roads. After the earthwork excavation map is determined, according to the relevant provisions of the state, the construction unit shall entrust an evaluation agency to evaluate the design scheme of the building slope and deep foundation engineering.

4, engineering survey positioning

Refers to the first pay-off after the construction project starts. The personnel involved in building positioning are: the urban planning department (subordinate survey team) and the survey personnel (professional) of the construction unit. According to the building planning positioning map, positioning is carried out, and finally (at least) 4 positioning piles are formed on the construction site. Pay-off tools are "total station" or "advanced theodolite".

5, the construction site municipal water report batch.

After obtaining the construction project permit approved by the construction administrative department, the construction unit shall go through the formalities of water and electricity examination and approval at the electric power company and water supply company.

7, the fence and gate construction.

(1) Field enclosure

1, the site is closed. The enclosure of the main road section shall be no less than 2.5m, and that of the general road section shall be no less than 1.8m (the enclosure steel frame and foundation for enterprise publicity shall be specially designed).

2. The main entrance should be equipped with a gate, the height should be adapted to the fence, and the width should not be less than 5 meters. A guard room should be set up in the gate, and the guard system should be posted inside. Outside the gate, five signs and one picture should be hung in the eye-catching place of the fence, including the project overview sign, the list of management personnel and the supervision telephone sign, the fire protection sign, the safety production sign, the civilized construction and environmental protection sign and the general construction plan.

8. Construction of office area and living area

9, organize staff training and the blue prints.the design.

The blue prints.the design refers to an important activity that all the participating units of the project review the problems and unreasonable situations existing in the construction drawings after receiving the design documents of the design institute, and submit them to the design institute for treatment. The construction unit is responsible for organizing and recording the blue prints.the design (or inviting the supervision unit to organize it on its behalf). Through the joint review of drawings, the contractors, especially the construction units, will be familiar with the design drawings, understand the design intent, grasp the characteristics and difficulties of the project, find out the technical problems to be solved and draw up solutions, and eliminate the problems existing due to design defects before construction.

Second, the foundation and foundation construction stage

1, foundation pit alignment

According to the bench mark and earthwork excavation map given by the urban planning department, the excavation sideline of foundation pit of construction project is measured, and the working face and slope coefficient are considered when spreading the ash line.

2, foundation pit dewatering construction

If the elevation of the design basement is lower than the groundwater level, the dewatering project should be carried out before the foundation pit excavation. Therefore, before excavation, the groundwater level below the slope surface and pit bottom must be lowered to prevent the slope from collapsing and flowing, and to ensure that the excavation process is carried out under dry and hard working conditions.

3. First, prepare for earthwork excavation of pile foundation.

(The excavation shall be carried out in layers and sections, and the foundation pit shall be supported in layers. )

4. Foundation pit support

From excavation to completion of all underground concealed works, there are often many unfavorable conditions such as repeated rainfall, surrounding stacking, vibration and improper construction. And its safety is random, and accidents often happen suddenly. The most commonly used types of support are soil nailing wall shotcrete and bolt support.

5, pile foundation construction

Deep foundation composed of piles and caps connecting the top of piles or single pile foundation connected by columns and piles, referred to as pile foundation, can be divided into friction piles and end-bearing piles according to mechanical characteristics, and precast piles and cast-in-place piles according to construction methods.

6, single pile static load detection

After the pile foundation construction is completed and the rest period is reached (the age of concrete cast-in-place pile reaches 28d or the strength of specimen reserved under the same conditions reaches the design strength), the static load detection of single pile is started, and the sampling quantity is 65438+ 0% of the total number of construction piles, and there are not less than 3 piles.

7, the second big excavation to the basement design elevation

When borrowing soil between piles, attention should be paid to protecting the pile body, and the principle of "slotting support, first support and then excavation, layered excavation and no over-excavation" should be followed. 20 ~ 30cm should be reserved for manual excavation, and positioning piles should be used to check whether the excavation size and elevation are correct.

8, mechanical cutting pile head

The part beyond the design elevation of the pile top shall be removed mechanically (the single pile below the design elevation shall be connected according to the design requirements). After the pile cutting is completed, the elevation of pile top in the same foundation pit should be consistent (5CM higher than the top of foundation cushion) to ensure that the pile body is not damaged.

9, pile foundation small strain detection pile

Objective: To detect the defects and positions of piles and determine the integrity categories of piles. The sampling number shall not be less than 20% of the total number of piles and not less than 10 piles.

10, inspection and acceptance purpose of foundation trench:

1, check whether its plane position, plane size and bottom elevation meet the design requirements;

2, check whether the soil and groundwater meet the geotechnical engineering investigation report and design requirements;

3. Check whether there are soft substratum and karst caves, ancient tombs, ancient wells, air defense bunkers, underground buried objects, etc. And their corresponding positions, depths and attributes.

1 1, foundation cushion concrete pouring

Brick tire molds are generally used for the side walls of basement floors. Because it is external waterproof, it must be waterproof on the cushion layer, and the waterproof should extend to the brick tire mold, so that after pouring concrete, it can be turned up on the concrete wall of the side wall. If the side wall of the floor is made of formwork and cannot be waterproof, use brick as formwork.

12, fabrication, installation and concrete pouring of pile core reinforcing cage

Objective: In order to realize the effective connection between the pile top and the foundation raft and enhance the shear strength of the pile top; When the design does not require the depth of core filling, it is 3 times of the pile diameter.

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