Basic knowledge of excavator

Matters needing attention in excavator operation

A buffer device is installed in the hydraulic cylinder of the excavator, which can gradually release the back pressure near the end of the stroke; If the piston is subjected to impact load after reaching the end of the stroke, it will directly hit the cylinder head or cylinder bottom, which is likely to cause accidents, so try to leave a gap when reaching the end of the stroke.

Using the rotary motion of excavator to push the soil will cause abnormal stress on the bucket and working device, resulting in distortion or weld cracking, or even pin shaft fracture, so this operation should be avoided as far as possible.

Using the weight of the excavator's car body to excavate will cause abnormal stress state of the slewing bearing and strong vibration and impact on the chassis, so the application of hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic pipeline will cause great damage.

When loading and unloading heavy objects such as stones, the excavator should unload the goods near the bottom of the truck compartment, or load the soil first and then load the stones. It is forbidden to unload at high altitude to reduce the impact damage to trucks.

When the crawler excavator is deeply immersed in mud, put a board under the bucket, support the crawler with the bottom of the bucket, and then put a board under the crawler to drive the machine out.

2. Basic knowledge of excavators

Matters needing attention in excavator operation

The hydraulic cylinder of the excavator is equipped with a buffer device, which can gradually release the back pressure when approaching the end of the stroke; If the piston is subjected to impact load after reaching the end of the stroke, it will directly hit the cylinder head or cylinder bottom, which is likely to cause accidents, so try to leave a gap when reaching the end of the stroke.

Using the rotary motion of excavator to push the soil will cause abnormal stress on the bucket and working device, resulting in distortion or weld cracking, or even pin shaft fracture, so this operation should be avoided as far as possible.

Using the weight of the excavator's car body to excavate will cause abnormal stress state of the slewing bearing and strong vibration and impact on the chassis, so the application of hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic pipeline will cause great damage.

When loading and unloading heavy objects such as stones, the excavator should unload the goods near the bottom of the truck compartment, or load the soil first and then load the stones. It is forbidden to unload at high altitude to reduce the impact damage to trucks.

When the crawler excavator is deeply immersed in mud, put a board under the bucket, support the crawler with the bottom of the bucket, and then put a board under the crawler to drive the machine out.

3. Seek theoretical knowledge of excavators

1, operation technology must first confirm the surrounding conditions.

When rotating, pay attention to the surrounding obstacles and terrain and operate safely; When working, confirm the front and rear direction of the crawler to avoid overturning or bumping; Try not to face the final drive in the direction of excavation, otherwise it is easy to damage the walking motor or hose; When working, it is necessary to ensure that the left and right tracks are in complete contact with the ground to improve the dynamic stability of the whole machine. 2. Effective excavation method When the bucket cylinder and the connecting rod, the bucket cylinder and the bucket arm form 90 degrees, the excavation force is the largest; When the bucket teeth keep an angle of 30 degrees with the ground, the excavation force is the best, that is, the soil cutting resistance is the smallest; When digging with a stick, make sure that the angle of the stick is between 45 degrees to the front and 30 degrees to the back.

Using boom and bucket at the same time can improve excavation efficiency. 3. Digging a stone with a bucket will cause great damage to the machine and should be avoided as much as possible; When excavation is needed, the position of the machine body should be adjusted according to the crack direction of the rock, so that the bucket can be shoveled out smoothly for excavation; Insert the bucket teeth into the cracks in the rock, and use the digging force of the bucket arm and bucket to dig (pay attention to the sliding of the bucket teeth); Unbroken rocks should be broken before digging with a bucket.

4. When leveling the slope, the machine should be flat on the ground to prevent the body from shaking. It is very important to grasp the coordination and control the speed of the boom and the bucket for plane trimming. 5. The loading machine body should be in a horizontal stable position, otherwise it is difficult to accurately control the rotary unloading, thus prolonging the operation cycle time; When rotating at 180 degrees, keep a proper distance between the fuselage and the truck to prevent the tail of the fuselage from colliding with the truck; As far as possible, rotate the left side of the installation to broaden the field of vision and improve the operation efficiency, and at the same time correctly grasp the rotation angle and reduce the rotation time; The truck is located in the forest lower than the excavator to shorten the lifting time of the boom and have a good line of sight; Loading sand and gravel first, and then enlarging the stone can reduce the impact on the trunk.

6. When working in soft areas or water, you should know the degree of soil looseness, and pay attention to limit the digging scope of the bucket to prevent accidents such as landslides and deep sinking of the car body. When working in water, pay attention to the allowable water depth range of the car body (the water surface should be below the center of the sprocket); If the water level is high, the inside of the slewing bearing will be poorly lubricated due to the entry of water, the engine fan blades will be damaged due to the impact of water, and the circuit components will be short-circuited or open-circuited due to the entry of water.

7. Hoisting operation: When the hydraulic excavator carries out hoisting operation, it should confirm the surrounding conditions of the hoisting site, use high-strength hooks and wire ropes, and try to use special hoisting equipment when hoisting; The operation mode should be micro-operation mode, and the action should be slow and balanced; If the length of lifting rope is appropriate, too long will make the hanging object swing greatly, which is difficult to control accurately; Correctly adjust the position of the bucket to prevent the wire rope from slipping; Construction personnel should try not to get close to the lifting objects, so as to avoid danger due to improper operation. 8. When the stable operation method works, the stability of the machine can not only improve the working efficiency and prolong the life of the machine, but also ensure the safety of operation (put the machine on a flat ground); The stability of the rear driving sprocket is better than that of the front side, which can prevent the main reducer from being hit by external force; The wheelbase of the track on the ground is always greater than the track pitch, so the stability of forward work is good, and lateral operation is avoided as far as possible; Keep the digging point close to the machine to improve the stability and excavator; If the excavation point is far away from the machine, the operation will be unstable because the center of gravity moves forward; The stability of lateral excavation is worse than that of forward excavation. If the digging point is far away from the center of the fuselage, the machine will be more unstable. Therefore, the excavation point should keep a proper distance from the center of the machine body to make the operation balanced and efficient.

9. It is worth noting that the working hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a buffer device, which can gradually release the back pressure near the end of the stroke; If the piston is subjected to impact load after reaching the end of the stroke, it will directly hit the cylinder head or cylinder bottom, which is likely to cause accidents, so try to leave a gap when reaching the end of the stroke. The rotating earth-moving operation will cause abnormal stress to the bucket and working device, which will lead to deformation, weld cracking and even pin shaft fracture. This operation should be avoided as far as possible.

Using the weight of the machine body to excavate will cause abnormal stress state of the slewing bearing and strong vibration and impact on the chassis, so the application of hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic pipeline will cause great damage. When loading and unloading heavy objects such as stones, they should be unloaded near the bottom of the freight car, or loaded with soil first and then loaded with stones. It is forbidden to unload at high altitude to reduce the impact damage to trucks.

When the track is deep in mud, put a board under the bucket, support the track with the bottom of the bucket, and then put a board under the track to drive the machine out. 10, the correct walking operation excavator walking, should try to put away the working device and close to the center of the machine body, to maintain stability; Put the final drive in the back to protect the final drive.

Avoid passing through obstacles such as stumps and rocks as much as possible to prevent the track from being distorted; If it is necessary to cross an obstacle, make sure that the center of the track is on the obstacle. When crossing the mound, always support the chassis with the working device to prevent the car body from shaking violently or even tipping over.

Avoid idling the engine on a steep slope for a long time, otherwise it will cause poor lubrication due to the change of oil level angle. When the machine runs for a long distance, the temperature in the drum and the main reducer will be too high, the viscosity of oil will be reduced, and the lubrication will be poor. Therefore, it is necessary to stop the machine frequently to cool down and prolong the life of the lower body.

It is forbidden to dig by the driving force of walking, otherwise the heavy load will lead to premature wear or damage of the main reducer, crawler and other get-off parts. When walking uphill, the driving wheel should be behind to increase the adhesion of the track that touches the ground.

When walking downhill, the driving wheel should be in front, so that the upper track can be tightened to prevent the car body from sliding forward under the action of gravity and causing danger when parking. When walking on a slope, the working device should be placed in front to ensure safety. After stopping, gently insert the bucket into the ground and place a stop under the track.

When walking and turning on steep slopes, slow down, turn the left crawler backwards when turning left, and turn the right crawler backwards when turning right, which can reduce the danger when turning uphill. 1 1, the correct crushing operation must first put the hammer head vertically on the object to be crushed.

When starting the crushing operation, lift the front part.

4. What are the basic knowledge of excavators?

1. Excavators used to be the fixed assets of engineering enterprises, but the appearance of renting machines by everyone broke this iron law, and the use of excavator leasing was well received. However, no matter whether the excavator is purchased or leased, it is necessary to clarify the person, machine and post when using it, and clarify the responsibility. In the case of workplace adjustment, the equipment should be made public to improve the service life and create greater economic benefits.

2. Drink without driving, and drive without drinking. The same is true of driving an excavator. I don't know that it is illegal to exploit opportunities after drinking, but I know that drunk driving seriously threatens the life safety of drivers and causes small economic losses, but if it is life-threatening, safety should be the first.

3. Before driving the excavator, the driver should observe the surrounding environment to ensure the safety during construction. Before starting the excavator, check whether there are people in the bucket, shovel arm and crawler to ensure safe construction. Similarly, when the excavator is moving, the driver should observe and whistle before moving, so as to avoid safety accidents caused by someone near the machine. The moved position shall ensure that there are no obstacles in the space of the rotating radius of the excavator, and illegal operation is strictly prohibited.

4. In the face of the trip and shutdown of the excavator, many small fresh meats will panic. Usually, the gear of excavator transmission is located in the box cover hole above the shift fork shaft of the second and third gears and the fourth and fifth gears, and the shift fork of the first gear and the reverse gear is equipped with steel balls and springs with self-locking function. When the elasticity of the spring, which plays the role of positioning and self-locking, weakens or breaks, the self-locking performance of the self-locking mechanism will decline until it disappears, resulting in the "trip stop" of the transmission. At the same time, if the positioning steel ball or the groove on the shift fork shaft is worn, it will also cause the transmission to "jump". Therefore, small fresh meat people don't have to panic, calmly stop the excavator to check.

5. The movement of the excavator indicates wear or noise, which may be that the lubricating oil is used up. At this time, when replacing the lubricating oil, it is best to clean up the position of the lubricating oil that needs to be replaced first, squeeze out all the old oil as far as possible and wipe it clean, and at the same time, prevent the lubricating oil from being mixed with dust, water and other substances.

6, the driver must make records in the process of equipment use, found that the equipment problems, to report in time, don't work in spite of illness, in the daily maintenance, overhaul, maintenance, do a good job in all aspects. Get into the habit of cleaning the car after work, and make daily shift records, count the work content of the day and handle odd jobs or zero items outside the project in time, and make records for use when checking out.

7, excavator operation belongs to a special industry, also need special operation certificate to drive the excavator. Otherwise, you will be punished just like driving a car without a license.

5. Knowledge of excavator operation,

General knowledge and operating contents of excavators: 1. Excavators are fixed assets with large economic investment. In order to improve the service life of equipment and obtain greater economic benefits, equipment must be assigned personnel, machines and posts, and responsibilities must be clearly defined.

When the post must be transferred, the equipment shall be disclosed. 2. After the excavator enters the construction site, the driver should first observe the geological conditions and surrounding environment of the working face, and there should be no obstacles within the rotating radius of the excavator to avoid scratching or damaging the vehicle.

3. After the machine is started, no one is allowed to stand on the bucket, shovel arm and crawler to ensure safe production. 4. When the excavator is working, it is forbidden for anyone to stay or walk within the radius of gyration or under the bucket. Non-drivers are not allowed to touch and touch the cab, and they are not allowed to bring training drivers to avoid damaging electrical equipment.

5. When the excavator moves, the driver should observe and whistle first, and then move, so as to avoid safety accidents caused by someone near the machine. After moving, the position should ensure that there is no obstacle in the space of the rotating radius of the excavator, and illegal operation is strictly prohibited. 6. After the work, the excavator should be moved away from the low-lying place or the edge of the geosyncline (ditch) and parked on the flat ground, and the doors and windows should be closed and locked.

7. The driver must do a good job in the daily maintenance, overhaul and maintenance of the equipment, and make a daily record of the use of the equipment. There is something wrong with the vehicle, so he can't work with illness and report for repair in time. 8. The cab must be clean, and the surface of the car body must be clean, free of dust and oil; Get into the habit of cleaning the car after work.

9. The driver should record the day shift in time, count the work content of the day, handle the odd jobs or zero items outside the project in time, and make a record of checkout. 10. Drivers are strictly forbidden to drink and drive after drinking at noon during working hours. If it is found, it will be given economic punishment and the economic losses caused will be borne by itself.

1 1. For man-made vehicle damage, it is necessary to analyze the causes, find out the problems, distinguish the responsibilities, and impose economic penalties according to the severity of the responsibilities. 12. We should establish a high sense of responsibility, ensure safe production, do a good job in communication and service with employers, do a good job in bilateral relations, establish a good work style, and work hard for the development and efficiency of enterprises.

13. Excavator operation is a special operation, and driving an excavator requires a special operation certificate. Skill point: 1. Correct the position of standing on the slope: you should put the bucket with big arms on your head, just touch the broken top (you can approach it), and then scrape it down as usual.