Classical Chinese on Zigong

1. Zi Gong asked about the ancient prose

The original text

Zi Gong asked, "What kind of scholar is this?" Confucius said, "It's shameful to do something, so that you can do it in all directions, and you can be said to be a scholar." Yue: "Dare to ask second." Yue: "The clan is called filial piety, while the township party is called younger brother."

yue "dare to ask second." He said, "You must keep your word, and your deeds will bear fruit (2), and (3) you are a mean person! Suppression can also be the second time. " He said, "What about politicians today?" Confucius said, "Hey! People who fight (4), what is enough? "

Note

(1) Scholar: Scholar was at the lowest level among the nobles in the Zhou Dynasty. Since then, scholars have become the general name of intellectuals in ancient society.

(2) fruit: decisive and resolute.

(3) Qiaoqiao: sound kēng, onomatopoeic word, the sound of hitting a stone. As hard as a stone.

(4) the person who fights: Zuo, with the sound of shāo, is a bamboo instrument, which can hold two liters in one fight. Metaphor is a person with narrow measure.

Translation

Zi Gong asked, "How can I be called a scholar?" Confucius said: "I have a sense of shame when I do things, and I can be called a scholar when I go abroad to complete the mission entrusted by the monarch." Zi Gong said, "What about the inferior one?" Confucius said: "People in the clan praised him for his filial piety to his parents, while the villagers said that he respected his brother." Zi Gong asked again, "Excuse me, who is waiting again?" Confucius said: "When you say you will do it, you must stick to it and stick to your own opinions regardless of right and wrong. That is a villain. But it can also be said that it is a first-class taxi again. " Zi Gong said, "What do you think of the current rulers?" Confucius said, "Alas! Where can these people with small capacities be counted? "

Analysis

The "scholar" in Confucius' concept is, first of all, a person who has a sense of shame and does not disgrace your life, and can undertake a certain national mission. Secondly, people who honor their parents and obey their brothers. Once again, it is the person who "keeps his word and does what he says". As for the current politicians, he thinks that they are people with narrow qualifications and are not scholars at all. What he cultivated was a scholar with the first two qualities. 2. what kind of person is zi gong in classical Chinese?

zi gong (before 52~? ) The surname Duanmu, the name Ci, the word Zi Gong, and Zi Gan, also known as Wei Ci, was a famous disciple of Confucius at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and one of the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius".

Zi Gong was a great businessman in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zi Gong is one of the most valued disciples of Confucius, who once compared him to Hu Lian. Hu Lian is the most valuable instrument of the ancestral temple.

before zi gong became a disciple of Confucius, he did business between Cao and Lu, and he was extremely rich. He is quick-witted, quick-witted, and eloquent, and he was praised by Confucius as a brilliant student in his "speech" subject. In the Analects of Confucius, Confucius and his disciples answered questions, with him as the most. Confucius praised him many times, saying that he could "tell those who know the past" ("The Analects of Confucius Learn"); "Give it to the sensitive and virtuous in the hills" ("Shuo Yuan Zayan"); And compared him to the noble "Hu Lian" device. Zi Gong has a strong political ambition. He cares about the general plan of governing the country and often asks Confucius about politics. Zeng Shi was in Lu and Wei, and lobbied in Qi, Wu, Yue and Jin countries. From Confucius' traveling around the world to Chen Cai, he once complained: "The master's way is great, so the world can't accommodate him." Master Gai is less derogatory. " He was criticized by Confucius: "Today, I don't cultivate my Tao, but I ask for tolerance and give, but my ambition is not far away!" (Historical Records Confucius Family) Soon, Confucius sent him to the State of Chu, and as a result, "King Zhao of Chu mobilized his troops to welcome Confucius, and then he was excused". In the fifteenth year of Lu Aigong (48 BC), he persuaded Qi Jun to return to the land at the meeting of Lu and Qi.

Zi Gong's praise of Confucius is well-known among Confucius disciples. He once said, "Zhong Ni, the sun and the moon, have nothing to gain, but go beyond it"; "If the master is out of reach, he will rise even if the sky is out of order.". (The Analects of Confucius, Zi Zhang) Some people said that he was better than Confucius, but he immediately denied it, saying, "If you compare a palace wall, you can give it to your shoulders. . There are several walls of the master. " ("The Analects of Confucius Zi Zhang") However, it is said that Zigong's reverence for Confucius has a process. According to legend, he "has been Confucius for one year and called himself Confucius; In two years, he claimed to be the same as Confucius; After three years, I know that I am not as good as Confucius "("On Balance and Telling Ruins ").

When Confucius died, Lu Aigong came to pay his respects. Zi Gong criticized: "Life can't be used, so it's indecent to bury it when you die!" (Zuo Zhuan's Sixteen Years of Mourning for the Duke) Zi Gong kept the tomb for Confucius for six years, and then went there. It is generally believed by later generations that Confucius' reputation can be spread all over the world because of the promotion of Zi Gong.

Zigong lived in Qi in his later years until he died. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was proclaimed "Li Hou"; In northern Song Zhenzong, it was later renamed as "Li Yang Gong" and later renamed "Li Gong". 3. Zigong Guanli Classical Chinese Translation

Zigong

The original text

In the first month of the fifteenth year of Lu Dinggong, Zhu Yingong came to the DPRK, and Zigong was not aware of it. The jade of the scorpion is high, and its capacity is raised; The public is humbled by jade, and its capacity is condescending. Zi Gong said, "From the point of view of courtesy, both of you have died. Husband ceremony, the body of life and death, also: will be left and right, spin, advance and retreat, pitch, so take it; Chao, si, mourning, and Rong, so just watch it. In the first month of this year, the phase of the DPRK is not excessive, and my heart is dead. How can a good thing last for a long time? High-spirited, arrogant; Humble, for also. Arrogance is close to chaos, replacing the near disease. Jun is the main one, and it will die first? " May public prayer (3). Confucius said, "Giving misfortune means giving more words!"

Note

① Zhu Yingong: Zhu is a small country affiliated to Lu, so it is located in Zouxian County, Shandong Province, where it enjoys a good reputation.

② jade-holding: when the princes meet each other in the week, they hold jade or jade-GUI to salute.

③ Qiu: The death of a vassal is called Qiu.

Translation

In the first month of the fifteenth year of Lu Dinggong, Zhuyin Gong (the king of the country, a descendant of Zhuan Xu) came to the DPRK, and Zi Gong was watching the ceremony. When Zhu Yingong took Baoyu as a given male, he held his head high and his attitude was surprisingly arrogant. Ding Gong accepted it with his head down and an abnormal humility. Zi Gong looked at it and said, "Judging from this courtship ceremony, both monarchs could die. Rites are the foundation of life and death. From every move, word and deed in everyone's daily life to the national sacrifices, funerals and interviews between princes, we must follow the etiquette. Now, on such an important event of the first month of the first month, the two monarchs are behaving out of line, which shows that their hearts are completely wrong. It is impolite to appear before the court, how can we maintain the country's long-term? Holding high is a sign of pride, humility is a harbinger of weakness, pride represents chaos, and weakness approaches disease. And Dinggong is the master, maybe something will happen first? " In May, Ding Gong died, and Confucius said with great anxiety, "Unfortunately, Zi Gong was right this time, and I'm afraid it will make him a more talkative person." 4. Zigong asked the answer to reading classical Chinese

The original text

was in the morning, Zigong was sweeping, and the guests arrived and asked, "What about the master?" Say, "Mr. He Lao?" Yue: "Ask the time." When Zi Gong saw it, he said, "Know it." The guest said, "What are the seasons of the year?" Smile and answer: "Four seasons." Guest said, "Three seasons." Then the discussion continued, and the afternoon did not rest. When Zi heard the sound, Zi Gong asked him, but the master didn't answer at first, but then he said, "Three seasons." The guest is happy and happy, and laughs at the teacher. When Zigong asked, Confucius said, "Four seasons." Zigong is different in color. Confucius said, "At this time, the guest was dressed in pale face, and the grasshopper in the field was born in spring and died in autumn. Why not see winter?" When the child talks with it, it will last for three days. " Zi Gong thought so.

Translation

In the morning, Zi Gong cleaned the yard at the gate of the compound. Someone came and asked Zigong, "Are you Confucius?"

Zi Gong replied, "What do you need to ask our teacher?"

"I want to ask a question about time?"

"I know this question, and I can answer it."

"How many seasons are there in a year?"

"Four Seasons." Zi Gong smiled and answered.

"No, there are only three seasons in a year!"

"four seasons! ！”

"three seasons! ！”

then the argument continued until noon.

Confucius heard the sound and came out of the courtyard. Zi Gong came forward to explain the reason and let Confucius evaluate it.

Confucius didn't answer first. After observing for a while, he said, "There are only three seasons in a year. "

people listen to this and laugh away.

After the visitors left, Zi Gong asked the teacher, "How many seasons should a year be?"

Confucius replied, "Four seasons."

Zi Gong's face was puzzled. Confucius said, "This time is different from just now. Just now, the man was dressed in green. He is clearly a grasshopper in the field. Grasshoppers live in spring and die in autumn. They have only experienced spring, summer and autumn in their lives. Where have they seen winter? You won't get anywhere if you fight with such a person for three days and nights. "

Zigong understood at once. 5. What is the answer to reading the classical Chinese in Zi Gong Wen Shi

The answer to reading the classical Chinese in Zi Gong Wen Shi is: Zi Gong Wen Zheng is selected from the junior middle school classical Chinese encyclopedia.

Original:

1. Zi Gong asked about politics. Confucius said: "Enough food and soldiers, and the people believe it." Zi Gong said, "I have to go, which comes first?" He said, "Go to the army." Zi Gong said, "If you have to leave, which comes first?" Say, "Go and eat. There have been deaths since ancient times, and the people have no faith. "

2. The mourner asked Yu Youruo, "What if we are hungry in the past year?" If you are right, say, "Is it terrible?" Yue: "Second, I am still insufficient, so how thorough is it?" He said, "The people are enough, which is the monarch or the deficiency? The people are insufficient, and you are enough? "

The definition of Zi Gong Wen Shi:

1. Zi Gong asked Confucius for advice on how to govern the country. Confucius said: "With sufficient food and armaments, the people will trust." Zi Gong asked, "If you have to remove one item, which of the three items will be removed first?" Confucius said, "Get rid of armaments." Zi Gong asked again, "If you have to remove one item, which one should be removed first?" Confucius said: "Get rid of enough food

2. Everyone will die since ancient times, but without the trust of the people, they can't stand on their feet." Lu Aigong asked if you had said, "What should I do if there is a famine and the country has difficulties in spending money?" If someone answered, "Why not implement the thorough law and only take one-tenth of the land tax?" Aigong said: I am not enough to draw two tenths now. How can I implement the thorough law? "If you say," If the people are rich, you will be rich. The people are not rich, who are you rich with? "

Zi Gong: Author: Wang Anshi Date: Northern Song Dynasty

1. Wang Anshi (121-186) was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou. Song Renzong served as a local official after he was a scholar in the second year of Qingli (142).

2. Shenzong was the prime minister, and the innovative law was opposed by big bureaucrats and big landlords because it reformed bad politics. After resigning, he retired to Nanjing. He was a politician, thinker and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. His literary achievements were quite high and his influence was great.

3. His poems are good at reasoning and rhetoric, and their contents can also reflect social reality. Although there are not many words, the style is lofty and bold, and the emotion is deep and unique, such as Linchuan Collection. 6. zi gong said, "a gentleman also has evil.

zi gong said," a gentleman also has evil? " Confucius said, "There is evil. Evil is called the evil of people, the evil lives in a dirty place, the evil is brave and rude, and the evil consequences dare to stifle." He said, "Is there evil in giving?" "Those who hate think they know, those who hate their grandchildren think they are brave, and those who hate them think they are straight." Translator Zi Gong said, "Do gentlemen also hate people?" Confucius said, "Yes, I hate people who preach other people's shortcomings, people who slander others, people who are brave and rude, and people who are stubborn." Confucius said, "Do you also hate people who give?" Zi Gong said: "I hate plagiarism as a learned person, arrogance as a brave person, and exposure of other people's privacy as a straightforward person." Confucius said: "A gentleman doesn't judge others by words, and he doesn't waste his words by people." A gentleman doesn't promote others because of their good words, nor does he abandon his correct opinions because of their bad moral character. Confucius said: "A gentleman is proud but does not fight, and a group is not a party." Get along with others, but don't form a clique for selfish ends. "(1) Please extract an idiom from the above words. (2) Please summarize the qualities that a gentleman in Confucius' mind should have from the above words, and make comments based on his own views. Only from the above statements, we can see that a gentleman in Confucius' mind should be a man of integrity, kindness, modesty and courtesy. 7. On the classical Chinese of Confucius, Confucius walked on the street and rested, Ma Yi was a man-eating crop, and the savage took his horse Zi Gong

Confucius walked on the street and rested, Ma Yi was a man-eating crop, and the savage took his horse. Please tell me about Zi Gong, but the savage wouldn't listen. Someone who started with Confucius said, "Please tell me." Because the savage said, The savage said loudly, and said, "It's all the same to say, and it's also an argumentative person!" When Confucius walked (tired) and rested on the road, the horse escaped from the bondage and ate other people's crops, and the farmer took it away. Zi Gong (known for his eloquence) asked to persuade the farmer to say anything, but the farmer ignored him. A vulgar man who had just followed Confucius said, "Please let me talk to him." He said to the farmer: The farmer was very happy and said to him, "I wish I could speak as clearly as you do, how can I think like that man just now!" " Untie the reins of the horse and give it to him. Comment is also an art. Only by explaining the truth with facts acceptable to the other party can we convince others to accept their own opinions.