Rhetorical devices in ancient poems

The rhetorical devices in ancient poetry are summarized as follows

1. Metaphor

Compare one thing or situation with another. It can be divided into simile, metaphor and metonymy. It can highlight the characteristics of things and visualize abstract things.

For example, the poem "Looking at the landscape of Dongting from a distance, the green snail on a silver plate" (Liu Yuxi's "Looking at Dongting from a distance") skillfully compares the "snail" and compares the mountain under the bright moon Yin Hui to the green snail on a silver plate, with elegant colors and seamless landscape. Metaphor not only makes the images depicted in poetry more vivid, but also embodies the modal characteristics of images.

For example, "if you levy Peng, you will return the geese to Hutian." The poet compared Peng to Yan, saying that he came out of the floating grass and entered the lake field like a wild goose flying north. In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate.

Step 2 compare

It is anthropomorphic to say that people are human beings, or simulacra to say that people are crops. Contrast has the function of prompting readers to associate and making the people, things and things described more vivid and vivid.

For example, the antithetical couplet "Frost birds want to sneak a peek first, butterflies know each other and lose their souls" (Lin Bu's Xiao Mei in the Mountain Garden) adopts anthropomorphic techniques. "Steal a glimpse first" wrote that the white crane loves plums very much. Before it could fly down, it couldn't wait to peek at the plum blossom first. The word "broken soul" describes the butterfly's love for Mei, exaggerating the butterfly's love for Mei to the extreme.

Liu Yong and Zhang Zhi

Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.

I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.

Contrary to the previous writing, this poem does not use the slender image of Liu to describe the slim figure of a beauty, but uses anthropomorphic methods to turn Liu into a beauty "Jasper" and vividly depicts Liu's graceful face.

Du Fu in Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night

Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.

Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.

The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.

Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.

The poem vividly depicts the rainy scene in the spring night, and writes the magic and joy of the rainy night with anthropomorphic methods.