Harmony, Cangshan negative snow, bright candle south. How to translate?

Harmony, Cangshan negative snow, bright candle south. How to translate? Answer: When I reached the top of the mountain, I saw that the green hills were covered with snow and lit up the southern sky.

Source of works

From "Climbing Mount Tai", it is a famous Taishan prose written by Yao Nai during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty.

This paper describes the author's experience of climbing Mount Tai to watch the sunrise in the snow, describes the magnificent situation of Mount Tai, and makes textual research and correction on the mistakes recorded in Mount Tai. The text is concise and vivid, and the scenery is particularly excellent. It's a famous classic of Tongcheng School.

original work

Yang of Mount Tai, Wen (wèn) water flows westward; Its yin helps water flow eastward. All the sunny valleys are in Brunei, and all the shady valleys are in economy. When divided into north and south, the ancient Great Wall is also. The highest peak, south of the Great Wall 15 miles.

In December of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, I took a snowstorm from Beijing, crossed Qihe River and Changqing, crossed the northwest valley of Mount Tai and crossed the Great Wall. As for Taian. Yue, the magistrate Zhu Ziying (yǐng) boarded from the south foot. Forty-five miles, the road is paved with stones (dèng), with a level of more than 7,000.

There are three valleys to the south of Mount Tai. At the gate of Taian, the middle valley is surrounded by water. I started to follow (xún), the road was less than half, crossed the ridge in the middle, and then followed Xigu to its top. In ancient times, climbing a mountain and following the East Valley was Tianmen. The East Valley was called Tianmenxi in ancient times, so I can't get there. Today, those who cross the mountains and climb the cliffs are limited to the Tao, which is known as Tianmen Cloud. The road is foggy and slippery, making it almost impossible to climb. Harmony, Cangshan negative snow, bright candle south; Looking at Sunshine Castle in the evening is like painting water and cú lái, while the mid-levels are foggy.

Wu Shenhui, Wugu and Ziying are sitting in the pavilion waiting for the sunrise. Strong winds and snow hit the face. The pavilion is self-sufficient in the east and full of clouds. If you see dozens of white clouds (chū) and (pú), the mountains are also there. The sky and clouds are different in color and instantly become colorful; In the morning, it is as red as Dan, and there is red light under it, so shake it. In other words, so is the East China Sea. Looking back at the scenery of the sun, the west peak, or the sun, or not, Jiangào Hao refutes the color, but all hang down (lóu).

There are Dai Temple and Yuan Jun Temple in the west of Tingxi; The emperor's palace is in the east of Yuan Jun Temple in Bi Xia. It is the day when Taoist stone carvings have been lost since Tang Xianqing. Those who get in the way are not as good as the past.

The mountains are rocky and the soil is little; Stone light black, square, less (yuán). There are few miscellaneous trees, many pine trees, and the original stone (xià) is flat-topped. Ice and snow, no waterfalls, no sounds of birds and animals. There are no trees in the days, but the snow is knee-high.

Tongcheng Yao Nai.

Statement annotation

(1) Mount Tai: In the north of Tai 'an City, Shandong Province, it was called Daizong in ancient times, also known as Dongyue, which is the length of the five mountains. This article, based on textual research, is a famous one describing the landscape of Mount Tai, with rigorous layout, vivid description and clean and lively writing.

(2) Yang: Shannan is Yang; Its: pronoun, which refers to Mount Tai.

(3) Wenshui: Now known as Dawenhe, it originated in Yuanshan Mountain in the northeast of Laiwu, Shandong Province, and flowed southwest into Dongping Lake.

(4) Jishui: It originates from the King of Wu in the west of Jiyuan County, Henan Province, and flows through Shandong. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Jishui River was occupied by the Yellow River.

(5) Yanggu: refers to the valley water in Shannan.

(6) Ancient Great Wall: The Great Wall built in the Warring States period, starting from Pingyin in the west and passing through Mount Tai and Beigang.

(7) Sunview Peak: the top of Mount Tai, a scenic spot for watching the sunrise.

(8) Thirty-nine years of Qianlong: A.D. 1774. But the first day of1February is 1775.

(9) Taking advantage of this means "taking risks".

(10) Qihe and Changqing: the names of two counties in Shandong, in the northwest of Tai 'an.

(1 1) limit: threshold, which refers to a city wall like a threshold.

(12) Ding Wei: Ding Weinian (128 February).

(13) Zhu: Zi Ziying, No.,born in Licheng, Shandong Province, was then the Tai 'an prefect and a close friend of Yao Nai.

(14) Forty-five Li: In ancient times, it was estimated that Mount Tai was more than forty Li from bottom to top, but it was actually about twenty Li.

Li Daoyuan (15): Good at writing, a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the author of Notes on Water Mirror.

(16) Tianmen: Mount Tai includes the Southern Tianmen, the East Gate and the Western Tianmen.

(17) cliff limit: a cliff like a threshold.

(18) Culai (cúlái Culai): the name of the mountain, 40 miles southeast of Tai 'an.

(19) "Halfway up the mountain" sentence: A cloud image tape staying halfway up the mountain.

(20) Wu Shen: 29th. Hui: The last day of the lunar calendar. Five drums: five more.

(2 1) Sun Guanting: The name of the pavilion is in Sun Guanfeng.

(22) "Tingdong" sentence: Tingdong is self-sufficient and full of smoke.

(23) operator (chū out) Pu: gambling tool, that is, dice (tóu throw), commonly known as dice (sh I).

(24) extreme sky: the end of the sky, the horizon.

(25) Clouds of different colors: A wisp of clouds has a special color.

(26) Pure red is like red: Pure red is like vermilion.

(27) Crimson: red. Haohao: White. Refutation: miscellaneous.

(28) rolls for grain (lǐLu): curved back. According to the description, the peaks to the west of Riguan Peak are all lower than Riguan Peak, just like standing bent.

(29) Daimiao: Adai Temple, a temple dedicated to Emperor Dongyue.

Bi Xia Yuan Jun Temple: a temple dedicated to Bi Xia Yuan Jun, the daughter of Emperor Dongyue. Also known as Niangniang Temple.

(3 1) Palace: refers to the house where Qianlong lived in Taishan. Palace, where the emperor lived when he patrolled.

(32) Xianqing: Tang Gaozong Li Zhi year number (656-66 1).

(33) Lost: The stone tablet has been eroded by wind and rain, and the handwriting is blurred. Difficulties: indelible

(34) Hey: Same as "circle".

(35) Stone crevices (under xià): Stone crevices.

(36) Take: Yes, yes.

(37) Pavilion East is self-sufficient under the cloud: diffuse: diffuse.

(38) Boundary of crossing the Great Wall: Boundary: Boundary, here refers to the city wall.

If you live in the fog halfway up the mountain, you live: stop.

(40) Withdraw: Remote.

(4 1) Waterfall: Waterfall.

Translation of works

South of Mount Tai, Wenshui flows west; North of Mount Tai, Jishui flows east. All the water in the southern valley flows into Wenshui, and all the water in the northern valley flows into Jishui. The north-south dividing line between Nanyang Valley and Yingu Valley is the ancient Great Wall. The highest sun peak is 15 miles south of the ancient Great Wall.

I started from Beijing in December of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), braved the heavy snow, passed Qihe County and Changqing County, crossed the valley in the northwest of Mount Tai, crossed the wall of the Great Wall and arrived in Tai 'an. On the last day of this month, Zhu Congshan, the magistrate of Tai 'an, and I climbed the mountain at the southern foot. After forty-five miles, the road is full of stone steps, with more than seven thousand steps.

There are three valleys in the south of Mount Tai, and the water in the middle valley surrounds Tai 'anmen, which is what Li Daoyuan (Shan Hai Jing) said. I first went in along the middle valley. Less than half way through, we crossed the ridge in the middle and walked along the valley in the west, reaching the top of Mount Tai. In ancient times, climb Mount Tai and enter along the East Valley. There is a Tianmen on the road. This valley in the east, called "Tianmenxi" in ancient times, is a place I have never been to. Now the middle ridge and the top of the mountain I pass are like cliffs on the road, and people all over the world call it "Tianmen". The road is foggy and icy, and the stone steps are almost impossible to climb. When I reached the top of the mountain, I saw the green hills covered with snow, and the snow light lit up the southern sky. Looking at the sunset from a distance, the reflection of Taian city. Wenshui and Culai Mountain are like a beautiful painting, and the clouds that stay halfway up the mountain seem to be a belt.

The day of Wushen is the end of the month. At the fifth watch, Ziying and I sat in the pavilion, waiting for the sunrise. At this time, the wind raised snowflakes and slapped his face. There are clouds in the east of the pavilion from the foot, and I can vaguely see dozens of white dice-shaped things standing in the clouds, which are mountains. Clouds on the horizon form strange colors and then become colorful; The sun rises, pure red as cinnabar, with red light swaying below. Some people say this is the East China Sea. Looking back at the peaks to the west of Riguan Peak, some are shining in the sun, some are not, some are red or white, and the colors are mixed, all of which are like bowing.

There are Dai Temple and Yuan Jun Temple in the west of Riguan Pavilion. The emperor's palace is in the east of Yuan Jun Temple in Bi Xia. On this day, I saw the stone carvings on the road, which were all from the reign of Tang Xianqing. Those older stone carvings were blurred or missing. Those remote stone carvings that don't face the road can't catch up.

There are more stones on the mountain, but less soil. The rocks are blue-black, mostly flat and square, and rarely round. There are fewer miscellaneous trees and more pine trees on the mountain. Pine trees all grow in cracks in stones, and the tops of the trees are flat. The mountains are full of ice and snow, no waterfalls, no sounds and traces of birds and animals. There are no trees in Fiona Fang for a few miles, and the snow is knee-thick.

Yao Nai's account of Tongcheng.

Creation background

Yao Nai participated in the compilation of Sikuquanshu, which was completed in the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong and registered as Shi Yu. In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), he returned to the field in the name of foster parents. On the evening of February 28th, this year/kloc-0, Daojing Taian and Taian's close friend Zhu (Zi Ziying) climbed the top of Mount Tai, and watched the sunrise at 5 o'clock the next New Year's Eve (that year1February) and wrote this travel note.

works appreciation

Artistic feature

Grasp the characteristics and contrast skillfully. The scenery described in this paper is rarely written directly, but through side comparison. For example, when writing about the grandeur of Mount Tai, first use "its level is more than 7,000" to secretly point out, and then look down at the top of the mountain and see the pavilion in the sun set off from the side. Another example is the description of snow, which is vivid and interesting. In addition to the positive description of "snow and ice" and "snow is knee-deep", it is also set off by "southern candle", "white if" and "crimson bright refuting color".

The language is concise and vivid. The full text of this article is only eight or nine hundred words, but it fully shows the special interest of climbing mountains after snow. For example, from the capital to Tai 'an, we only need to ride snow, Qihe River, Changqing, the northwest valley of Mount Tai and the Great Wall. As for Taian, we simply and vividly stated the season and distance, and took care of the ancient Great Wall in the first section. Another example is writing mountain climbing. It is simple and vivid to describe it as "the fog on the road is so slippery that it is almost impossible to climb up". The last paragraph introduces the natural landscape of Mount Tai, which can best reflect this feature. In a few words, describe its rocky, loose and snowy scenery.

Make an appreciative comment

1. "Yang" and "Yin"

This is a pair of opposing concepts. In ancient times, many things were divided into yin and yang, which were used to explain everything, such as heaven and earth, sun and moon, mountains and rivers, day and night, men and women, viscera, qi and blood and so on. In ancient literary works, landscape is very common in yin and yang. This lesson is "the sun of Mount Tai, water flows west;" Its yin helps water flow eastward ",in which Yang and Yin refer to the south and north of Mount Tai respectively, meaning mountain. In the "Gong Yu Yishan" which was read in junior middle school, "From now on, the south of Hebei, the yin of Han, has no long break". This "yin" refers to water, which refers to the south of Hanshui River.

2. "Walking through the snow, riding the Qihe River in Changqing, crossing the northwest valley of Mount Tai and crossing the Great Wall. As for Taian. "

This sentence uses four verbs: riding, calendar, wearing and moon. The word "snow" means riding, as if snow was pushed by the author and was more active than "danger" and "top". The river says "calendar", the valley says "wear" and the city says "moon", which not only conforms to the characteristics of the object of description, but also is accurate and vivid, with rich changes and vivid pen and ink. A few short sentences and verbs make us seem to see the author's eagerness to climb the mountain not far from Wan Li, regardless of the snow.

3. The use of metaphor and personification

This paper uses metaphors and personification in several places, each with its own characteristics.

"Cangshan is snowy, and the southern candle is bright." This is what I felt when I first climbed the top of the mountain. The author doesn't mean that the snow covers the castle peak, but that the castle peak bears snow, which endows the static castle peak with humanistic dynamics and uses novel and vivid words. Furthermore, the snow on Cangshan Mountain shines on the south like a candle, vividly depicting the brilliance of snow.

"Looking at Sunshine Castle in the evening, the water is picturesque and the mountains are foggy." This is the view from the top of the mountain. The author looks at Tai 'an City from afar, and the setting sun shines on Tai 'an City. Wenshui and Shulai are like natural landscape paintings, and the clouds on the mountainside are like streamers. Living in the Mid-Levels Fog not only writes the dynamic things as static, making people feel the unique quiet atmosphere, but also creates novel metaphors, giving people beautiful enjoyment.

"Looking back at the Japanese view with Xifeng, it is amazing whether you can win the sky or not." The color of the peak of "Is it a day" is different, but the expression is the same. The so-called "all are rolling". This metaphor describes the characteristics of the southwest peaks, shows the majesty of Sun Guanfeng, and endows the peaks with human feelings, images and vividness.

Evaluation by famous experts

Wang Xianqian's "Continuing the Lexical Compilation of Ancient Chinese": "The Canon should be concise." "Reading this article helps to understand its wonders." "With this magical power, great articles can be made. There are many people climbing mountains and doing things in the world. Reading here should be the end of the pen. "

Brief introduction of the author

Yao Nai (nà i) (1732-1815), whose real name is Ji Chuan, whose name is Dream Valley, and whose name is Baoxuan (now tongcheng middle school), is called Mr. Bao, a native of Tongcheng (now Anhui Tongcheng). The essayist in Qing Dynasty, together with Fang Bao and Liu Dakui, was also called "the third ancestor of Tongcheng School".

Yao Nai obtained the Jiangnan Provincial Examination in the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), and was awarded the Jishi Shu in the 28th year of Qianlong (1763). After three years, I will be an assistant examiner in Shandong and Hunan, and I will try my best to be the same as the examiner. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), he joined Siku Quanshu Library as an editor and resigned due to illness in the autumn of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774). After returning to Li, he made a living as an apprentice, giving lectures in Meihua Academy in Yangzhou, Jingfu Academy in Anqing, Ziyang Academy in Shexian and Zhongshan Academy in Nanjing, and trained a large number of scholars and disciples. In the twentieth year of Jiaqing (18 15), he died in Zhongshan College at the age of eighty-five.

Yao Nai's scholarship is mainly based on Confucian classics, as well as his history and poetry. Fang Bao, a scholar, took Liu Dakui as an example and advocated that "there should be laws first, then we can change them, and then we can become big". On the basis of Fang Bao's emphasis on justice and Liu Dakui's mastery of rhetoric, he put forward that "justice, textual research and rhetoric" should not be neglected, and developed and perfected the literary theory of Tongcheng School. He is a master of Tongcheng School prose. He is the editor-in-chief of Xi Baoxuan's Poetry Collection and Ancient Lexicon Compilation.