What are the purposes of these transportation facilities? Why care about them?

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Traffic facilities are designed to prevent traffic accidents, ensure smooth traffic and give full play to the functions of roads. Traffic safety measures must be set up. According to the needs of traffic flow and landform conditions, footbridges (including underground crosswalks), fences, lighting facilities, sight guiding signs, emergency contact facilities and other similar facilities should be set up on the road when necessary.

1. footbridge

Separating pedestrians or bicycles from the driving belt is an important measure to prevent pedestrian crosswalk traffic accidents and to ensure the safe and smooth traffic of cars in crowded sections.

When choosing footbridges and underground crosswalks, we should consider the road and economic conditions from the local traffic conditions, so as to get a higher utilization rate. The story should first fully study the adjacent crosswalks, signal locations, traffic rules, signal processing, bus and tram stops, etc. Setting up underground crosswalks in cities is good in utilization rate and beautiful, but it is expensive and difficult to maintain public security, so it is only in the following areas.

(1) Near scenic spots and historical special buildings.

(2) Due to obstacles, footbridges need more improvement.

(3) The cost is less than that of overpass construction, and the construction is favorable.

(4) Square with too many pedestrians and too long overpass.

(5) areas with frequent snowstorms.

fence

Prevent cars from driving off the road by mistake, so as to protect pedestrians, houses and structures. Secondly, induce the driver's sight. At the same time, it can also be used to prevent pedestrians from crossing the road, separate pedestrians and bicycles from cars, and play a protective role.

There are many forms of protective fences, such as guardrails, cables, trusses and pipes. The choice of protective fence should be in harmony with the environment, and its function should be considered, only for the purpose of blocking pedestrians. Fences can be made of pipes, nets and chains.

3. Lighting facilities

In order to prevent traffic accidents at night and improve driving comfort, lighting facilities should be set up continuously or locally on necessary roads.

Lighting equipment can reduce traffic accidents. According to the statistics of roads with night lighting in Japan, traffic accidents can be reduced by 14%~54%, and those in Europe and America can be reduced by 30% ~ 40%. Lighting equipment can also improve road utilization. According to the measured data in the United States, the vehicle speed can be increased by setting lighting facilities1.1~ 4.6 kg/h. Lighting equipment can also eliminate the insecurity of pedestrians, ensure the necessary driving sight distance of drivers, and eliminate their insecurity.

4. Visually induced signs

In order to indicate the edge and alignment of the highway, guide signs should be set on special sections to guide the driver's sight. For example, snow piles should be set up on roads with more snow, and guide signs should be set up at the broken ends of the central belt and the front end of the diverter to indicate their positions.

5. Road mirror

Reflectors should be installed in bends and small radius areas where accidents may occur, such as intersections and intersections with poor visibility. Expressway mirrors are round and square, and convex mirrors are generally used. The mirror surface should have high reflection efficiency, without roughness, warping, blisters, waterline and other defects.

6. Highway information board

In order to inform highway users of highway, weather and traffic conditions and related traffic restrictions in time, highway variable information boards were set up at appropriate locations. There are three types of information boards: Type A information boards are used on important highways, suspended, remotely controlled by computers, with built-in light subtitles; B-type information board is located on the roadside, with manual light subtitles inside; C-type information board is used in places with limited traffic and signs are inserted. The information content must be concise and easy to understand accurately.

7. Highway monitoring system

Traffic monitoring facilities should be set up in places and road sections that may obviously endanger the safety of pedestrians and may become traffic jams, and traffic flow should be monitored at ordinary times, and emergency measures should be taken immediately when found. The monitoring facilities are equipped with commonly used industrial televisions and traffic flow detectors to automatically record traffic volume, density and speed.

8. Parking lot

The parking lot is a place to park and get passengers on and off. It has two parts: parking area and driveway. The driveway is connected with a connecting road such as a ramp. When guiding the car into the parking area, reserve the necessary places to turn around or reverse when parking. Connecting roads are designed according to highway standards and service areas, and according to the design standards of interchanges, ramps with rest facilities or intersections.

9. Bus stop

Parking stations are divided into parking areas and parking spots. Parking area for bus passengers to get on and off, and separated from the main road. As a special area, the first-class highway must set up a parking area, and its plane alignment must be a straight line or section with a curve radius larger than the standard and a small longitudinal slope. The parking spot is the outer lane of the main road for passengers to get on and off.