I always like rubbing paper and tearing tablecloths.

ADHD is a common behavioral problem in childhood. There are two main symptoms of this disease, namely, attention disorder and hyperactivity, which may be accompanied by behavioral impulses and learning difficulties. Generally, it occurs before the age of 6, and the symptoms of school age are obvious, and gradually improve with age. Some cases will last into adulthood. Displayed as:

(1) Attention deficit disorder: Attention deficit disorder is one of the most important manifestations of this disease. Children's active attention decreases and their passive attention increases, which is manifested as inattention, inability to concentrate in class, and easy to be distracted by environmental interference. Note the frequent transfer of objects from one activity to another. When you do your homework, you don't concentrate, you play and you are sloppy. Work from beginning to end, often give up halfway or change frequently. Procrastination in homework, continuous interruption due to drinking water, eating, urinating and other reasons. , significantly extended the time to do homework. Some children stare at a place, absent-minded, staring at the teacher, but don't know what's on their minds. Teachers often don't know the content of questions when they ask them. Attention deficit disorder is a necessary symptom of this disease.

(2) ADHD: ADHD is another common symptom. It is manifested as an obvious increase in activity, excessive fidgeting, running back and forth or making small moves, unable to sit still in class, often twisting in the seat, or standing, and even leaving the seat for walking, or leaving the classroom without authorization. Talking too much, making noise, interrupting, causing trouble, affecting classroom discipline and attracting others' attention. I like watching and playing dangerous games, and I often lose things. There are two kinds of ADHD: one is persistent ADHD. Children's hyperactivity behavior is very common in schools, homes and other occasions, and it is often very serious. Second, the situation is high. Hyperactivity behavior only appears in some occasions (mostly at school), but not in other occasions (at home), and various functions are slightly damaged.

(3) Impulse: emotional instability, irritability, willfulness and poor self-control. Easily excited by external stimuli, easily frustrated. Behavior does not consider the consequences, dangerous or destructive behavior occurs, and no lessons are learned afterwards.

(4) Learning difficulties: mainly manifested in low academic performance. The intelligence of ADHD children is normal or basically normal, and the reasons for learning difficulties are related to inattention and hyperactivity. The time of learning difficulties depends on the level of intelligence and the severity of ADHD. Children with severe ADHD and low intelligence level will have learning difficulties in early school age. People with high intelligence and mild ADHD symptoms may have learning difficulties in junior high school.

(5) Nervous system development disorder: About half of the children can see signs of nervous system weakness, which is characterized by clumsy rapid rotation, uncoordinated economic activities, inability to walk in a straight line, difficulty in closing eyes, positive finger nose test, inflexible fine movements, and some children may have visual-motor disorder and spatial position perception disorder.

ADHD, also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or mild brain dysfunction syndrome, is a common abnormal disease in children. These children's intelligence is normal or basically normal, but there are defects in learning, behavior and emotion, which are mainly manifested in inattention, short attention, excessive activity, emotional impulse, poor academic performance, difficulty in getting along with others at home and at school, and often make parents and teachers feel helpless in daily life.

The prevalence rate of ADHD in children reported abroad is 5%- 10%, and the domestic survey is above 10%, with more boys than girls. The incidence of ADHD in premature infants and cesarean section children is higher, about 60% or more.

Every parent wants their children to grow up healthily, but they often see some parents worried about their children's grades. These children are manifested as: too much activity, inattention and graffiti; Other children are willful, unsociable and lack self-restraint. Or childish, eccentric, limb twitching, or aimless, playful, truant, fighting, even lying, stealing, etc. Education is of no help. A few cases still have personality and behavior defects after adulthood. This is ADHD.

ADHD is a common name for ADHD. It has many reasons and is a common disease in childhood. Because people don't know enough, sometimes they will be misdiagnosed and missed. If they are not treated in time, it will have adverse effects on families and schools.

Nine manifestations can judge ADHD in children

1. When he needs to be quiet, it is difficult for him to be quiet and he often keeps moving.

2. easily excited and impulsive.

3. It is difficult to concentrate and easy to transfer.

4. Things often start and end.

5. Talking too much is easy to interrupt or make noise, and often interferes with other children's activities.

6. It is difficult to observe the order or discipline of collective activities.

7. Emotional instability, requirements must be met immediately, otherwise there will be emotional reactions.

8. Poor academic performance, but not caused by mental retardation.

9. Clumsy movements and poor fine motor skills.

Teach you ADHD and TIC disorder.

"My child is moving all day. He is a famous "naughty troublemaker". I don't know if it is' ADHD, TIC disorder'? " "Lively and active is a child's nature. Isn't it strange to be inactive? " ...... For these questions of parents, relevant experts summed up the "three tricks" to help parents correctly understand and treat children's hyperactivity, twitching, learning difficulties, impulsiveness, willfulness and other issues.

Trick 1: "ADHD" is not the same as being active and naughty.

It is a child's nature to be active and naughty. However, if your child's physical activity is significantly higher than that of children of the same age and self-control is poor, you should be alert to whether your child has ADHD.

The study found that there are four essential differences between ADHD and naughty children: ① In terms of attention, naughty children can concentrate on doing interesting things and hate the interference of others, while ADHD children are absent-minded and can't finish playing anything; ② In terms of self-control, naughty children can restrain themselves and sit still under strange environment and special requirements, while children with ADHD simply can't sit still. ③ In behavioral activities, naughty children's active behaviors generally have reasons and purposes, while ADHD children's behaviors are impulsive and lack of purpose; Physiologically, naughty children have quick thinking and strong coordination, and have no memory recognition defects, while children with ADHD have obvious deficiencies.

Tip 2: "ADHD" is not necessarily ADHD.

Some parents think "ADHD" means ADHD. In fact, some children with ADHD don't show much activity. They usually don't move much and look quiet, but their academic performance is always hard to get on. They are "smart and stupid children" in the eyes of teachers. Their outstanding performances are inattention, easy distraction, learning difficulties, procrastination, carelessness, inferiority complex, negative psychology, weariness of learning, truancy, lying and other behaviors over time. For this reason, some children who don't like sports may also suffer from ADHD, which should attract parents' attention.

"ADHD" actually refers to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which has three core symptoms, namely attention deficit (easily distracted and inattentive), hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Some children are mainly attention deficit, some are hyperactive and impulsive, and more are the coexistence of the three. "

Trick 3: Make faces often-beware of "TIC disorder"

Some children like to blink frequently, frown, twitch their mouths, shake their heads and shrug their shoulders, and sometimes their necks twitch. Parents think that their children are not good at learning and are infected with bad habits, but they loudly stop or criticize warnings, and even add sticks, but there is no sign of correction. In fact, it is this kind of subjective judgment error that delays the child's treatment, because the child is likely to suffer from "TIC disorder".

ADHD and TIC disorder are common behavioral disorders in children, which are caused by the imbalance of monoamine neurotransmitters in children's brains. Mainly manifested as excessive activity, poor self-control, inattention and impulsiveness; Frequent blinking, shaking head, pouting, shrugging, twisting neck, abnormal sounds such as "nothing, oh, oh" in some throats, swearing, etc. Due to the lack of understanding of ADHD and TIC disorder, most parents confuse it with their children's hyperactivity, naughty, poor study and bad habits, and adopt a laissez-faire attitude or choose the right treatment, which leads to various symptoms accompanying their children's growth, leading to poor self-esteem, lack of self-confidence, serious emotional instability, depression, schizophrenia, conduct disorder and antisocial personality.

Therefore, parents should be reminded that if your child has the above symptoms, they should have an examination as soon as possible or log in to China ADHD and Tourette's Syndrome Treatment Network to fill in the medical records, and experts will consult you for free. If you are diagnosed with ADHD and TIC disorder, you don't have to panic. As long as the correct treatment measures are taken, the earlier the treatment, the better the child will recover.

Characteristics of ADHD

The latest clinical diagnosis standard of ADHD is 1989, which was formulated by the American Psychiatric Association. Excerpts are as follows. Compared with most children of the same age, the following behaviors are more frequent, which meet the following 8 items in 14 for 6 months and are diagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

1. Hands or feet keep moving, or twist in the seat (subjective feeling of fidgeting of teenagers).

Even if you have to sit still, it's hard to sit still in your seat.

3. It is easy to be distracted by external factors.

You can't wait patiently for your turn in group activities or games.

When people ask questions, they immediately rush to answer them.

6. Don't do things according to other people's instructions (not intentionally disobeying or not understanding).

7. Unable to concentrate for a long time when doing homework or playing.

8. Do something else before you finish. Have a beginning and no end.

9. You can't play quietly.

10. Too much talk.

1 1. Often interrupt other people's activities or interfere with their study and work.

12. He often doesn't listen to what others say to him.

13. Necessities such as books, exercise books and pencils are often lost at school or at home.

14. Always take part in dangerous activities regardless of possible consequences, for example, running into the middle of the road without observation.

15. inattention: it is easy to be distracted in class, with learning difficulties, poor grades and lack of time concept.

16. Too many activities: it is difficult to sit still, love to jump and run, be excited and talkative, have too many small moves, can't control themselves, and are nosy.

17. impulsive willfulness: causing trouble, regardless of consequences, doing whatever you want, lacking thinking, not listening to advice, being difficult to discipline, and behaving abnormally.

18. Emotional instability: fidgeting, emotional fragility, irritability, and easy to lose your temper!

19. After adulthood, the risk of antisocial personality and criminal behavior of ADHD children is 5- 10 times that of normal children.

65438-0989 The Classification Scheme and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Disorders (Second Edition) adopted by China Neuropsychiatric Society determined the following diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The onset is in preschool age, and the course of disease lasts for at least 6 months. Children with the following four behaviors are diagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

1. It is difficult to sit still when necessary, and often keep moving.

2. easily excited and impulsive.

3. Often interfere with other children's activities.

4. Things often start and end.

5. It is difficult to keep concentration and easy to shift.

6. Requirements must be met immediately, otherwise there will be emotional reaction.

7. Always talk too much to interrupt or make noise.

8. It is difficult to observe the order and discipline of collective activities.

9. Poor academic performance, but not caused by mental retardation.

10. The movements are clumsy and delicate.

Exclusion criteria are: not caused by mental retardation, childhood psychosis, anxiety, conduct disorder or nervous system diseases.

Etiology of ADHD in children

1, the number of neurotransmitters in the brain is insufficient. For example, the concentration of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain decreases, which weakens the inhibitory activity of the central nervous system and increases children's movements. Therefore, ADHD children should first consider drug treatment. For children who are not breastfed, parents should pay special attention to this reason.

2. Organic damage of brain tissue. Mother suffers from hypertension, thyroid hypertrophy, nephritis, anemia, low fever, threatened abortion, cold and so on. During pregnancy; Abnormal delivery process; Infection or injury of central nervous system within 1-2 years after birth. Such children are prone to ADHD.

3. Genetic factors. Some people think that genetic factors such as congenital physical defects and organ abnormalities, chromosome abnormalities, and mental illness of parents will affect children's brain function to varying degrees, leading to their congenital physical defects, which will lead to hyperactivity.

4. Other factors. Improper educational methods, premature intellectual development, and environmental pressure far exceed children's psychological endurance, which leads to children's psychological development lag and self-control ability decline. In addition, excessive intake of artificial pigments and foods with excessive lead content may not lead poisoning, but may lead to ADHD.

Types of ADHD in children

The 9th edition of the Manual of International Classification of Diseases published by WHO 1978 named this disease "ADHD", which can be divided into four types.

1 type: simple hyperactivity attention disorder, mainly characterized by short attention duration, hyperactivity, no obvious behavior disorder and developmental retardation.

Type 2: ADHD with developmental retardation, speech retardation, clumsiness, dyslexia or other special skills.

Type 3: ADHD with behavioral disorder, with obvious behavioral disorder, but no developmental delay.

Type 4: Other.

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