Based on the current development status of my country’s banking industry, the China Banking Regulatory Commission has established what kind of continuous supervision ideas

Based on the development status of my country’s banking industry, what kind of continuous supervision ideas has been established by the China Banking Regulatory Commission? All policy banks, state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, Postal Savings Bank of China, trust companies, enterprise group finance companies, and financial leasing companies directly supervised by the China Banking Regulatory Commission:

The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" outline clearly states Participate in the new round of revision of international financial standards and improve the soundness standards of my country’s financial industry. On December 16, 2010, the Basel Committee issued the Basel III Agreement and required member economies to complete the formulation and revision of corresponding regulatory regulations within two years. The new regulatory standards will be implemented on January 1, 2013, and will be fully up to standard by January 1, 2019. The "Third Edition of Basel Accord" established a new model of financial supervision that combines micro-prudence and macro-prudence, significantly increased the capital supervision requirements for commercial banks, established globally consistent quantitative standards for liquidity supervision, and will have a greater impact on the operations of commercial banks. model, the stability of the banking system and even the economic execution of macroeconomics have a profound impact. This guidance is specially formulated to promote the implementation of new international regulatory standards in China's banking industry, enhance the stability of the banking system and the international competitiveness of domestic banks.

1. Overall objectives and guiding principles

(1) Overall objectives

Drawing on the results of international financial regulatory reforms, and based on the We will focus on industry reform, development and regulatory realities, build a future-oriented banking regulatory framework that is in line with national conditions and in line with international standards, promote the banking industry to implement the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" outline, further deepen reforms, transform development methods, improve development quality, and strengthen The stability and competitiveness of the banking industry support the steady, balanced and sustainable growth of the national economy.

(2) Guiding principles

1. Based on the actual situation of the domestic banking industry, learn from the results of international financial regulatory reform, and improve the banking industry’s prudent supervision standards. Based on the actual reform and development of my country's banking industry, we must adhere to effective regulatory practices, learn from the Basel Accord III, improve the soundness standards of my country's banking industry, and build a set of prudential regulatory institutional arrangements to maintain the long-term sound implementation of the banking system.

2. Macro-prudential supervision and micro-prudential supervision are organically combined. Take overall consideration of my country's economic cycle and financial market development and change trends, scientifically design regulatory standards such as capital adequacy ratio, leverage ratio, liquidity, loan loss reserve and reasonably determine regulatory requirements, embody the countercyclical macro-view prudent regulatory requirements, and fully reflect the banking industry Individual risks and systemic risks faced by financial institutions.

3. Combine the uniformity of regulatory standards with the flexibility of regulatory practices. In order to ensure fair competition in the banking industry, regulatory standards applicable to all types of banking financial institutions shall be uniformly set, while the regulatory standards for systemically important banks shall be appropriately improved, and differentiated transition period arrangements shall be set according to the conditions of different institutions to ensure that each Banking-like financial institutions will make a smooth transition to new regulatory standards.

4. Support sustained economic growth and maintain the stability of the banking system in a coordinated manner. The banking system is the main channel for my country's financing system. During the transition period, regulatory authorities will closely monitor the micro-level impact of the new regulatory standards on banking financial institutions and the macro-level effects on the real economy, comprehensively assess costs and benefits, and strengthen relevant Departmental policy coordination to avoid the negative impact that the implementation of new regulatory standards may have on credit supply and economic development.

2. Improve banking industry prudential supervision standards

According to the new standards for bank capital and liquidity supervision determined in the "Third Edition of Basel Accord", the effectiveness of the current prudential supervision system will be comprehensively evaluated. On the basis of safety, we should improve regulatory standards such as capital adequacy ratio, leverage ratio, liquidity, loan loss reserve, etc., establish more forward-looking, organic and unified prudential supervision system arrangements, and enhance the ability of banking financial institutions to resist risks.

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(1) Strengthen the supervision of capital adequacy ratio

1. Improve the calculation method of capital adequacy ratio. The first is to strictly define capital and improve the loss-absorbing capacity of regulatory capital. Modify the regulatory capital from the current two-tier classification (Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital) to a three-tier classification, namely core Tier 1 capital, other Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital; strictly implement the deduction regulations for core Tier 1 capital, Improve the loss-absorbing capacity of capital instruments. The second is to optimize the calculation method of risk-weighted assets and expand the risk scope covered by capital. Adopt differentiated credit risk weighting methods to promote banking financial institutions to improve their credit risk management capabilities; clarify capital requirements for operational risks; and increase the risk weights of complex financial instruments such as trading businesses, asset securitization businesses, and over-the-counter derivatives transactions. ?

2. Improve regulatory requirements for capital adequacy ratios. Adjust the current two minimum capital adequacy ratio requirements (the ratio of tier one capital and total capital to risk assets is not less than 4 and 8 respectively) into three levels of capital adequacy ratio requirements: First, clarify the three minimum capital adequacy ratios The requirements are that the core tier one capital adequacy ratio, tier one capital adequacy ratio and capital adequacy ratio are not less than 5, 6 and 8 respectively. The second is to introduce a countercyclical capital regulatory framework, including: 2.5 retained excess capital and 0-2.5 countercyclical excess capital. The third is to increase the additional capital requirements for systemically important banks, tentatively set at 1. After the implementation of the new standards, the capital adequacy ratios of systemically important banks and non-systemically important banks under normal conditions will not be less than 11.5 and 10.5 respectively; if there is systemic excessive credit growth, commercial banks need to set aside countercyclical excess capital. ?

3. Establish leverage ratio regulatory standards. Introduce leverage ratio regulatory standards, that is, the ratio of tier one capital to the adjusted on- and off-balance sheet asset balance should not be less than 4 to make up for the lack of capital adequacy ratio and control the accumulation of leverage ratios in banking financial institutions and the banking system.

4. Arrange the transition period reasonably. The new capital regulatory standards will be implemented from January 1, 2012. Systemically important banks and non-systemically important banks should meet the new capital regulatory standards by the end of 2013 and the end of 2016 respectively. After the transition period, all types of banks should disclose capital adequacy ratios and leverage ratios in accordance with the new regulatory standards. ?

(2) Improve liquidity risk supervision

1. Establish a multi-dimensional liquidity risk supervision standard and monitoring indicator system. Establish multiple liquidity risk supervision and monitoring indicators such as liquidity coverage ratio, net stable financing ratio, liquidity ratio, loan-to-deposit ratio, core liability dependence, liquidity gap ratio, customer deposit concentration and interbank liability concentration, among which Both the liquidity coverage ratio and the net stable financing ratio shall not be less than 100. At the same time, banking financial institutions are encouraged to establish a multi-scenario, multi-method, multi-currency and multi-time span liquidity risk internal monitoring indicator system.

2. Guide banking financial institutions to strengthen liquidity risk management. Further clarify the prudential supervision requirements for liquidity risk management of banking financial institutions, improve the sophistication and professionalism of liquidity risk management, strictly supervise and inspect measures, correct imprudent behaviors, and promote commercial banks to reasonably match the maturity structure of assets and liabilities, and strengthen The banking system's ability to respond to liquidity stress shocks. ?

3. Arrange the transition period reasonably. The new liquidity risk regulatory standards and monitoring indicator system will be implemented on January 1, 2012. The liquidity coverage ratio and the net stable financing ratio will be given an observation period of 2 years and 5 years respectively. Banking financial institutions should start from the end of 2013 and The regulatory requirements for liquidity coverage ratio and net stable financing ratio will be met by the end of 2016 respectively.

(3) Strengthen the supervision of loan loss provisions

1. Establish regulatory standards for loan provision ratios and provision coverage ratios. The loan provision ratio (loan loss provisions as a proportion of loans) is not less than 2.5, and the provision coverage ratio (loan loss provisions as a proportion of non-performing loans) is not less than 150. In principle, the higher of the two is used to determine banking finance. Institutional loan loss provision regulatory requirements.

2. Establish a dynamic adjustment system for loan loss provisions.

Regulatory authorities will make dynamic and differentiated adjustments to the regulatory requirements for loan loss provisions based on different stages of economic development, differences in loan quality and profitability of banking financial institutions: loan loss provision requirements will be appropriately increased during economic upturns, and during economic downturns Appropriately adjust the loan loss reserve requirements based on the loan write-off situation; appropriately adjust the loan loss reserve requirements based on the loan quality and profitability of a single banking financial institution. ?

3. Transition period arrangements. The new standards will be implemented on January 1, 2012, and systemically important banks should meet the standards before the end of 2013; for non-systemically important banks, the regulatory authorities will set differentiated transition period arrangements and encourage early compliance: profitability is relatively high. Banking financial institutions with strong profitability and low loan loss provisions should meet the standards by the end of 2016; individual banking financial institutions with low profitability and large loan loss provisions should meet the standards by the end of 2018. ?

3. Enhance the effectiveness of supervision of systemically important banks

According to the operating models and regulatory practices of large domestic banks, regulatory authorities will focus on market access, prudential supervision standards, continuous supervision and Several aspects of regulatory cooperation will be strengthened to strengthen the supervision of systemically important banks.

1. Clarify the definition of systemically important banks. The assessment of domestic systemically important banks mainly considers four factors: size, relevance, complexity and substitutability. The regulatory authorities will establish an assessment methodology and continuous assessment framework for systemically important banks.

2. Maintain firewall arrangements and improve prior access supervision. In order to prevent the operating models of systemically important banks from being too complex and reduce the contagion of risks in different financial markets, structured restrictive regulatory measures will continue to be adopted: First, maintain the relationship between the current banking system and capital markets, banks and controlling shareholders, and banks and affiliated institutions. Firewalls prevent cross-border and cross-industry risk contagion. The second is to strictly restrict banking financial institutions from engaging in transactions with complex structures and high leverage to avoid excessive risk-taking. The third is to prudently promote comprehensive operation pilot projects. For banks that conduct comprehensive operation pilots, a formal post-evaluation system will be established. For banks that still cannot reach the average profitability of their industry in cross-industry operations within a reasonable time limit, regulatory authorities will require them to exit the industry.

3. Improve prudential supervision requirements. In addition to additional capital requirements, regulatory authorities will impose higher prudential supervision requirements on systemically important banks as appropriate to improve their ability to respond to external shocks: First, systemically important banks are required to issue self-rescue bonds to increase their ability to absorb losses. ability. The second is to improve liquidity supervision requirements. The third is to further tighten restrictions on large risk exposures and moderately reduce the proportion of systemically important banks' loans to single borrowers and group customers to net capital. The fourth is to improve the regulatory standards for consolidated risk management at the group level, including group-level risk preference setting, unified risk management policies, information management system construction, and intra-group transactions. ?

4. Strengthen continuous supervision. First, supervisory resources are tilted toward systemically important banks, giving front-line supervisors broader powers and strengthening supervision of the decision-making and execution processes of systemically important banks to identify risks as early as possible and take intervention measures. The second is to enrich and expand the suite of off-site supervision systems, improve the risk supervision and assessment framework for systemically important banks, and provide timely warning, effective identification and rapid disposal of risks. The third is to further enhance the ability of on-site inspections and precise strikes on systemically important banks, urge systemically important banks to strengthen corporate governance and risk management, and prevent and correct unsafe and unsound operating behaviors. The fourth is to realize the combination of functional supervision and institutional supervision, and use supervision methods such as product analysis, model verification, stress testing, and peer assessment to ensure that supervision technology can adapt to the increasingly complex trend of systemically important banking businesses and organizations. The fifth is to guide and supervise systemically important banks to formulate recovery and resolution plans and crisis management plans, and enhance the self-protection capabilities of systemically important banks. ?

5. Strengthen regulatory cooperation. In terms of cross-border cooperation, establish an evaluation mechanism for the supervisory capabilities of overseas supervisory authorities, improve the supervisory joint meeting mechanism for systemically important banks with cross-border operations, improve the quality of information exchange, and strengthen market access, off-site supervision, on-site inspections and crisis management. Cooperation in management.

In terms of cross-industry cooperation, under the unified leadership of the State Council, regulatory authorities will strengthen coordination with the People's Bank of China, securities regulatory authorities, and insurance regulatory authorities to build a "seamless" financial regulatory system and improve the risk management of non-banking businesses of banking groups. Evaluate. ?

4. Deeply promote the implementation of the New Capital Accord

Scientific measurement and evaluation of capital and risk-weighted assets are the basis for the implementation of new regulatory standards. Banking financial institutions should follow the overall requirements of "synchronous advancement of the New Capital Accord and the Third Edition of the Basel Accord, and overall consideration of the first and second pillars", from the perspective of corporate governance, policy processes, risk measurement, and data basis. , information technology systems and other aspects to continuously strengthen risk management. In 2011, regulatory authorities will revise the Capital Adequacy Ratio Management Measures. Banking financial institutions should accurately measure regulatory capital requirements based on the relevant methods established in the new "Capital Adequacy Ratio Management Measures" and comprehensively cover all types of risks; at the same time, build a comprehensive risk management framework, improve internal capital assessment procedures, and strengthen the stability of the banking industry Micro-foundations of execution.

For banking financial institutions whose asset scale on and off the balance sheet, international activity, and business complexity reach a certain level, they should implement the advanced capital measurement method in the New Basel Capital Accord in accordance with the new regulatory requirements. The first batch of implementing banks that have completed a round of pre-evaluation should actively rectify the main issues in the implementation of the first pillar based on the evaluation opinions based on the good achievements they have made, and actively promote the construction of the second and third pillars to strive for Apply for formal implementation as soon as possible. Other banking financial institutions that should implement high-level methods or voluntarily implement them according to regulatory requirements should strengthen communication with regulatory authorities and formulate implementation plans as soon as possible.

For other banking financial institutions that do not implement advanced methods of capital measurement, they should adopt the standards required by the new "Capital Adequacy Ratio Management Measures" on the basis of the existing credit risk capital measurement from the end of 2011. Methods to measure regulatory capital requirements for market risk and operational risk; and in accordance with the relevant requirements of Pillar 2, promptly establish an internal capital adequacy assessment program to identify, assess, monitor and report various major risks to ensure capital levels, risk status and management capabilities Adapt to ensure that capital planning matches the bank’s operating conditions, risk trends and long-term development strategies. Before the end of 2016, all banking financial institutions should establish a comprehensive risk management framework and internal capital adequacy assessment procedures that are commensurate with the bank's size and business complexity.

5. Work Requirements

The implementation of new regulatory standards is a long-term systematic project that affects the entire region. Banking financial institutions must accurately understand the essence of new regulatory standards and fully understand the implementation of new regulations. standards, strengthen cooperation, and actively and steadily make preparations for the implementation of new regulatory standards.

(1) Formulate supporting regulatory regulations

In order to ensure that the new regulatory standards are implemented as scheduled, the regulatory authorities will revise and improve the "Capital Adequacy Ratio Management Measures for Commercial Banks" in 2011, as well as liquidity risk Policies related to supervision and supervision of systemically important banks lay the foundation for the implementation of new supervisory standards. At the same time, we will vigorously carry out training and publicity on new regulatory standards, and conduct training for regulatory personnel at all levels and middle and senior managers of banking financial institutions in phases and batches to create a favorable public opinion environment and a wide range of talents for the implementation of new regulatory standards. Base.

(2) Strengthen organizational leadership

The boards of directors and senior management of banking financial institutions should attach great importance to the implementation of new regulatory standards and establish a new regulatory team headed by the main person in charge as soon as possible The standards implementation leading group and corresponding working organizations shall coordinate the implementation of new regulatory standards in an overall manner to ensure that all work is progressed in an orderly and steady manner. The board of directors should be responsible for the implementation planning of new regulatory standards and the approval of relevant major policies, regularly listen to reports from senior management, and supervise implementation preparations; senior management is responsible for formulating implementation plans for new regulatory standards and organizing their implementation.

(3) Develop practical implementation plans

Banking financial institutions should conduct a comprehensive gap analysis based on this guidance and formulate practical implementation plans for new regulatory standards.

The implementation plan should at least include: asset growth plan, asset structure adjustment plan, profitability plan, risk-weighted asset calculation methods for various risks, capital supplement plan, liquidity sources, loan loss reserve supplement plan, and various regulatory indicators. Achievement timetable and phased goals. Banking financial institutions should complete the implementation plan before the end of 2011 and submit it to the regulatory authorities for filing.

(4) Adjust development strategies and actively promote business transformation

Pursuing operational transformation is not only an inherent requirement for banking financial institutions to continue to meet new regulatory standards, but also an increasingly complex operating environment. The only way to improve the quality of development. Banking financial institutions must effectively transform the extensional development model of scale expansion and take the path of connotative growth of quality improvement. Banking financial institutions must adhere to the traditional business model, work hard on the breadth and depth of credit business, and improve the efficiency of financial services and credit quality. First, adjust the business structure, formulate a medium- and long-term credit development strategy, and actively adjust the customer structure, industry structure and regional structure of credit to achieve sustainable development of the credit business. The second is to strengthen management, continuously optimize risk measurement tools, improve risk management policies and processes, and improve risk checks and balances mechanisms to truly improve the quality of growth. The third is innovative services. Actively develop online banking, telephone banking, credit card and other channels to expand business, expand financial service coverage, provide stable funding guarantee for asset business, while reducing operating costs and expanding revenue sources.

(5) Continuously improve risk management

All banking financial institutions must combine their own operating characteristics, strengthen risk management infrastructure, and improve risk management capabilities. The first is to improve the risk governance organizational structure and further clarify the roles and functions of the board of directors, senior management, chief risk officer, risk management department and related business lines. The second is to strengthen the data base and effectively solve the long-standing problems of lack of data and low quality of domestic banking financial institutions through the implementation of new regulatory standards. The third is to actively develop and promote the use of new risk measurement tools to improve risk identification capabilities and risk measurement accuracy. The fourth is to strengthen the construction of IT systems to lay the foundation for the formulation and implementation of risk policies, and the application and optimization of risk measurement tools. The fifth is to strengthen internal control and internal audit functions, strengthen cooperation with external audits, and jointly promote the construction of internal checks and balances mechanisms. The sixth is to improve the incentive and assessment mechanism and establish a performance assessment and compensation system with a "risk-benefit" balance. Banking financial institutions must attach great importance to the prominent risks they face, including potential major credit risks in local financing platforms, real estate loans, and economic structural adjustment, and actively explore risk management models that combine systemic risks and individual risks, and establish on this basis Improve capital assessment procedures to ensure adequate capital coverage. (Related report recommendation: Qianzhan Industry Research Institute's "Special Consulting Report on the Impact, Challenges and Countermeasures of Internet Finance on the Banking Industry") What is the development status of my country's spring machine industry in 2015?

The technological accumulation of spring machines has gradually matured. Each device manufacturer has established its own professional R&D department and even cooperated with some professional university research institutes in the field of wire forming to develop the latest devices

The combination of the latest device technology and the latest control technology of WAFIOS, the leader of German spring machines, has reached an unparalleled level. The device's unique operating control system and exclusive patented structure can be called the best among spring machines. Mercedes S600 or BMW 7 Series. In Japan, companies represented by MEC and ITAYA have improved the precision of their devices to a new standard, and have also developed many special auxiliary devices for their own devices, which are flexible and convenient to use. What is the current development status of the ecological poultry industry?

Hello, I will answer your question based on my own observation experience.

With the development of agricultural modernization, the country's food has made great progress. The previous traditional poultry breeding has been replaced by a new concept - ecological poultry breeding. Ecologically raised poultry is more nutritious, healthier, and more delicious than ordinary feed-raised poultry! However, the growth cycle of poultry is longer. It only takes 90 days to raise feed, but it takes at least 180 days to grow ecologically.

The above characteristics of farmers' loans determine that the cost of financial institutions providing loans to farmers is relatively high. On the one hand, providing loans to farmers requires financial institutions to have sufficient business coverage capabilities, set up more business outlets, and staff enough credit clerks, which significantly increases the operating costs of financial institutions. On the other hand, under the condition that the rural credit system is not yet perfect, the scattered distribution of farmers will increase the information asymmetry between borrowers and lenders. In order to prevent moral hazard, financial institutions need to pay higher supervision fees and contract enforcement costs. This has greatly increased the cost of financial institutions lending to farmers. What is the current development status of the patent trading industry?

Competition is very fierce, and the quality of domestic patents is uneven, which brings great difficulties to transactions. An overview of the development status of the surveying and mapping industry and its application in modern industries?

According to Qianzhan Industry Research Institute The "13th Five-Year Plan Market Prospects and Development Plan Analysis Report of China's Engineering Surveying and Mapping Industry" shows that since the 1980s, with the emergence and development of GPS positioning technology, surveying and mapping positioning technology has also undergone revolutionary changes, providing engineering Measurement provides new technical means and methods. Conventional ground positioning technology that has long been based on angle measurement, distance measurement, and leveling is gradually being replaced by high-speed, high-efficiency, and high-precision GPS technology that determines 3-dimensional coordinates at one time. At the same time, the positioning range has changed from Land and offshore expansion kits to ocean and space; positioning methods have expanded from static expansion kits to dynamic; the positioning service field has expanded from navigation and surveying to the vast field of national economic construction. Especially in recent years, the establishment of the Continuous Reference Station System (CORS) in various places has greatly facilitated the use of GPS positioning technology.

At present, surveying and mapping work has completed the transformation from manual simulation to digital production system, and has become an important basic part of the construction of urban information port. It will face the whole society and provide basic geographical information services in a timely manner. It has great social significance and great responsibility. What is the development status of the kitchenware industry such as induction cookers and rice cookers?

Since the 1980s, in just 20 years of development, the kitchenware industry has become a sunrise industry and entered a stage of qualitative change from rapid growth to gradual maturity.

China has a population of approximately 1.3 billion. Kitchenware, as a necessary daily necessities for families, has an extremely huge market space. In recent years, the sales volume of China's kitchenware market has been increasing at a rate of 35%.

In 2006, all domestic kitchen appliance manufacturing enterprises above designated size in China achieved a cumulative total industrial output value of 71,223,029 thousand yuan, an increase of 27.71% over the same period in 2005; the cumulative product sales revenue throughout the year was 66, 504,844,000 yuan, an increase of 21.61 over the same period in 2005. As of the end of December 2006, the number of enterprises above designated size in the entire industry was 489.

In 2007, all household kitchen appliances manufacturing enterprises above designated size in China achieved a cumulative total industrial output value of 11,075,322 thousand yuan, an increase of 33.88% over the same period in 2006; from January to February 2007, cumulative product sales revenue was achieved 10,060,189 thousand yuan, an increase of 26.12% over the same period in 2006. From January to February 2007, the total cumulative profit was 153,462,000 yuan, an increase of 27.17% over the same period in 2006; as of the end of February 2007, all enterprises above designated size in the entire industry The number reaches 528.

From January to October 2008, all domestic kitchen appliance manufacturing enterprises above designated size in China achieved a cumulative total industrial output value of 11,075,322 thousand yuan, an increase of 33.88% over the same period in 2007.

In recent years, the following new development trends have emerged in China's kitchenware industry:

The development of information technology has brought opportunities and challenges to enterprises. In terms of opportunities, information technology can help optimize business processes, reduce management costs, and gain advantages in competition. Companies that are unable to use information technology to improve their processes are clearly at a competitive disadvantage.

The product structure is evolving towards beauty, fashion, environmental protection and low energy consumption.

Low value-added products must continue to withstand the impact of domestic peers and deeper competition.

Changes are brewing in distribution channels. With the rise of the home appliance chain industry in recent years, it has become an important sales channel for the current home appliance industry. However, due to the high entry and operating costs of home appliance chain stores, some manufacturers are seeking other ways, such as entering building materials cities and integrated kitchens. Showroom etc.

2009-2012 China Kitchenware Industry Investment Analysis and Prospect Forecast Report CIC Consulting’s role played by the China Banking Regulatory Commission in banking industry supervision and management, and how bank executives cooperate with supervision at work

In addition to the People's Bank of China, other financial institutions are supervised.

The staff of the China Banking Regulatory Commission are also people like us. Knowledge is just about being a bank regulator and looking at indicators and numbers. Therefore: we must provide them with active cooperation and support in their work. First, don’t deliberately avoid the problems you have noticed; second, be neither humble nor arrogant, respect others and respect yourself, so that you can gain the respect of the other party and facilitate communication; third, pay attention to their personality and hobbies. Banking supervisors are very professional, and some people If you like to be straightforward, then don't be wordy; some people value etiquette, so don't fall into the cliché; some people don't like to drink, so don't drink too much, let alone try to persuade them. In short, if you give people the impression of being honest, capable, and polite, your communication will be much better. Can you talk about the development status of the integrated circuit industry in detail?

Below 22 nanometers, approaching the physical limit, Moore’s Law no longer applies, the so-called post-Moore era