Structural hierarchy of plant cells

It consists of protoplasts and cell walls. Protoplast is the general name of all substances in cell wall, which is mainly composed of nucleus and cytoplasm, as well as cell fluid and post-inclusion.

Protoplast includes nucleus and cytoplasm, the nucleus includes nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin and nuclear matrix, the cytoplasm includes cell matrix and organelles, and the appearance of plant cytoplasm is cell membrane, which is close to cell wall.

Cell wall is a unique structure of plant cells, which can protect protoplasts and maintain a certain shape of cells. Cell walls can be divided into intercellular layer, primary wall and secondary wall. The intercellular layer is shared by adjacent cells, and primary wall is located inside the intercellular layer, which is produced in the process of cell growth. Secondary wall was formed after the cells stopped growing and attached to the inside of primary wall. Some cells did not have secondary wall.

There are many plasmodesmata between plant cells passing through the cell wall to form plasmodesmata, which makes the protoplasm of adjacent cells become a unified whole.