In ancient times, how did traitors generally deal with them?

In the small courtyard under the moonlight, flowers, birds and fish ponds are rockery and flowing water. The flowing water flows in from the small hole under the left corner and then flows out from the small hole in the right corner. As soon as the two Haitang trees were pulled by the wind, they fell from the brilliant red flower bones of Haitang, and they were particularly soft under the candlelight in the window.

Looking through the carved window, the babel glass bottle stands on the case, the mahogany table and stool are neat and orderly, Huang Huali's bed is covered with moon shadow yarn, and the soft quilt is warm. A white and tender milk doll is looking at the moon shadow yarn thoughtfully.

It would be tacky to say that Lu Heng came through "crossing". After all, she really died of illness and is still a newborn baby. She prefers to say that she forgot to drink Meng Po Tang when she was born again.

In the face of wet nurse's white and soft chest, Liu Heng was really intoxicated all day. However, she can be sure that only children from large families will find wet nurses. There is no doubt that she has cast a little of this kind of tire. At least, she will be a Mi Chong in the future.

As soon as he was born, Lu Heng saw his father. Although he is a middle-aged man, he is a handsome middle-aged man. Heavy eyebrows, high nose, short beard, elaborately decorated wooden boards, Fiona Fang in heaven, and the appearance of a standard rich and noble person. A face of righteousness, even in modern times, is definitely playing the role of a pillar of the country.

In the history of China, there is a person who seems to be firmly fixed on the historical shame column. Whether in The History of Song written by Tuotuo, a famous minister in the Yuan Dynasty, or in unofficial history's miscellaneous biography, or even in the folk stage and current film and television works, he is called the power phase of people who seized power and conquered the country. Former students wrote a letter, calling it "the head of the six thieves (Cai Jing, Wang Fu, Tong Guan, Liang Shicheng, Zhu? Shake [6] titanium? Promise? What about the stability of malleus muscle? What about the thieves? ?ご? Cai Jing, a great official in Cai Jing for seven years, is an honor. His cousin is a famous calligrapher and is called "Su, Huang, Mi and Cai" by later generations. His brother once worshipped Zuo as the prime minister, and his son especially. Is there a school in the school? Disaster chain? Hey? Swimming? Get together? At that time, the Chua family was prominent and powerful.

The author has no intention of reversing Cai Jing's conviction, but what puzzles him is that the research on Cai Jing by later generations is rarely seen in official documents, and many comments seem unfair and common. In the process of reading the History of Song Dynasty, I found many clues in the cracks of history. History cannot be viewed and studied by class methodology. For treacherous courtiers, the stain is infinitely magnified, while for loyal courtiers, efforts are made to narrow his shortcomings. For sages, it is taboo, for villains, it is knocking over the ground and stepping on one foot, so that you can never turn over. This is a wrong way to study history simply with concave-convex mirror. It will make us misunderstand many historical figures and events, and even partially cover up the truth of history. History is definitely not as clear as future generations imagined, but full of twists and turns in the confrontation between mountains and rivers and human nature. Right and wrong? Complicated.

Cai Jing has two doubts that are not taken seriously. One is the ups and downs of his official career. A man who has been a minister for four times is full of controversy. Some people appreciate it, some people object, and some people hold others to suppress it. This not only shows the cruelty of the political struggle of the ruling class, but also shows that Cai Jing is extremely simple. Although he has fallen into the trough of his life several times, he can turn over every time. His dependence is not only exquisite. It just shows that he is a very important chess piece in the political structure in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and it also shows that this man is very tenacious, indomitable and politically mature, otherwise he will never climb the peak of power again and again in the late Northern Song Dynasty when the party struggle is very fierce. What kind of person is this? What is even more surprising is that a traitor who was called "the head of the six thieves" at that time was rehabilitated by the imperial edict with Yue Fei, a great hero in history, 35 years after his death.

Treacherous court official's theory has existed since ancient times. Guan Zi of the Warring States Period said: "The defeat of the traitor is also the main cause, which makes the main cause confused and unknown." Although the rise and fall of a country and the replacement of dynasties are the arrangement of the cycle of heaven, if the monarch can't get close to the sages, he will be in danger of losing his government and the country, which will make loyal subjects and people regret it.

Throughout the 24-year history of China, the Book of the New Tang Dynasty compiled by the Song people devoted a chapter to the biography of treacherous court officials to warn future generations of what treacherous court officials are. Later, the official revised the history, made it a rule to pass on treacherous court officials, and clearly put forward "stealing the handle, insurrection, shaking the Sect?" Those who kill loyalty and righteousness, those who are evil-hearted, and thieves for life are the ministers of great rape and evil. The vast sea of history is generous in every word, which expresses the feelings that historians hope that the emperor can distinguish between faithfulness and treachery and that his subjects care about the country with their fists and feet.

Looking closely at history, a group of treacherous officials did not run amok in the imperial court in the face of evil spirits. Instead, they used the attitude of rhetoric, or they liked it, or they hurt loyal officials invisibly. This is something that people with insight and delicate heart cannot agree with. Thinking about the past, thinking about the new people. Making the past serve the present is the significance of our reading history and understanding history today.

"Wood will be bad, and insects will be born; The country will die and the demon will produce. " It is the epigram of a traitor in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty. The first traitor in the book is Xu, a very talented prime minister in the early Tang Dynasty.

There are good deeds, and respect for the Sect is humiliating.

Xu's father, named Xu, was a loyal minister in the Sui Dynasty. At the age of nine, he is withdrawn and studious, with more than 10 thousand books at home; At the age of fifteen, he wrote a letter to Xu Ling, a great book writer, and won the reputation of "prodigy"; In his early years, he became an official and served as an assistant minister, a bachelor of history and other civil servants. After Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, Xu was heartbroken and cried for three days. When he served in the Sui Dynasty, he also cried. Emperor Wen was deeply impressed when he saw it: "I am equal, and I only won this man." If you can conceive my old king, that is, I am sincere. "

In the Sui Dynasty, Xu was highly valued by the emperor, and his literary talent was even more brilliant. One day, a god bird came to Sui Palace, and Emperor Wen gave a banquet to entertain hundreds of officials as a sign of good luck. Xu asked for a pen and paper, and improvised Ode to the Bird, which was appreciated by Emperor Wen. He also inherited his father's legacy, continued to compile the History of Liang, and wrote books such as Kirin, Wu Fangzhi and Lingyi Ji, and became an important civil servant in the Sui Dynasty.

In the 14th year of Great Cause (AD 6 18), Yu Wenhuaji launched a mutiny to kill the king, and Yang Di was in trouble in Jiangdu. Most civil and military officials gathered in the main hall to worship He Yuwen's family, but they refused to leave it at that. Xu Zeng, who participated in the rebellion, advised him that the emperor had collapsed, and the regency of General Yuwen was the providence of the change of imperial industry. Why do you cling so stubbornly to your old master? Hearing this, Xu was furious and determined. When Yu Wenhuaji heard about it, he sent troops to kidnap him to the imperial court and released him on the spot. Without gratitude, Xu calmly walked out of the main hall, which was called "coming out without dancing" in Sui history.

Yu Wenhuaji was shocked and angry. He said first, "This man is very angry." He also cursed the cloud: "I kindly let you go, how dare you be so rude!" " Xu was killed at the age of 6 1. He also has a 92-year-old mother, Fan. She is old and caresses the coffin without crying. She said a tragic sentence that went down in history: "National disaster can kill me, I have a son!" " After that, she went on a hunger strike in bed and died with her son ten days later.

Feng Deyi, an important official in Sui and Tang Dynasties, often said to people: "In the past, I saw that the foundation of the world did not exist, and the world declined from generation to generation; If you are kind, you will die, but if you worship dancing, you will survive. " When Yu Wenhuaji killed the loyal minister, Yu Shinan cried and begged his brother to die. Xu Jingzong danced and begged for mercy. "Dancing for survival" is Xu's first event. Xu compared his father who was loyal to his country with his grandmother who understood the great righteousness, which really humiliated his ancestors.

Wen's masterpiece "Accompany the Prince".

After the death of Sui Dynasty, Shi Mi, the leader of Wagangzhai, was allowed to be in charge of military documents. Later, he entered the Tang Dynasty with Shi Mi and became a civil servant under the King of Qin and later Emperor Taizong. Although Xu lacks in virtue, he completely inherited the talents of his ancestors, and he is also a learned man who is good at literature and understands the past and the present.

During the Wude period, Li Shimin, the king of Qin, opened a literary museum, recruited talents and selected "eighteen bachelors" such as Fang and Du Ruhui. Xu was given a literary name by the king of Qin, which was one of them. During the Zhenguan period, Xu Ji was a writer, calligrapher and minister, responsible for drafting the imperial edict and reviewing it. At the same time, he continued his ancestral work and compiled the history of the country. He happily said to the people around him: "Being an official is not a job, nor can it be a portal." What he did in Taizong was like the rebirth of his father.

Perhaps it was the vigorous Qingming political atmosphere in the early Tang Dynasty that did not give the villain too many opportunities to commit crimes. In the early days, Xu was like a loyal courtier. Prince Li Chenggan was abolished, and the officials involved were not used for a long time. He also said, "the first king should be cautious in punishment, and the service lies in kindness; Philosophical forgiveness means forgiving Emperor Taizong, who interceded for Zhang and others, thinking that they were "either outspoken and embarrassed, or wishful and suspicious". If they are all guilty, it will hurt the king. Later, Emperor Taizong, Zhang Jian and others used it less.