What are the ways we can read?

Question 1: What are the three ways to read? 1. Look at the picture and read.

In the primary stage of learning Chinese characters, textbooks are equipped with a large number of illustrations and word diagrams. We can make full use of this advantage to guide children to observe and think and help them learn Chinese characters. As long as we guide them, we can naturally stimulate their interest in learning. However, it does more than that. We can also use it to build a bridge for children to remember Chinese characters and make it play a greater role. Put Chinese characters in the living environment to visualize abstract Chinese characters and promote children's memory. This process can test whether they really master Chinese characters and strengthen their memory.

Second, the game literacy method

According to the characteristics of glyphs, weaving riddles or nursery rhymes, so that children can remember new words by guessing, will have unexpected effects. For example, if Shuang Mu is not a forest, people will walk on the clouds and cows will live across the wooden bridge. Wang Lao tou and Bai Lao tou are sitting on a big stone together.

Third, the comparative literacy method

In the teaching of letter combination in lower grades, many words are added, deleted and changed. Such as: Sun-Bai (from Shen Jia to Diantian)-Kou-Zhong; King-Lord (Jade)-Earth (Dry)-Ren. Children can be guided to observe and compare the changes of two words. Then remember the pronunciation and word formation separately, so that it can be remembered quickly and firmly. But also help students to accumulate and remember Chinese characters.

Fourth, phonological literacy

Chinese characters belong to ideographic characters. Therefore, mastering pictophonetic characters correctly is one of the keys to complete the literacy task in primary schools. In the study of pictophonetic characters, we must pay attention to expressing meaning with pictophonetic characters and expressing sound with phonetic characters. This feature of pictophonetic characters can effectively help students understand and remember glyphs. For example, the duckling is a dragonfly duckling, so read qοng next to and to the right of the word worm, and also read qοng for the whole word. Thinking and explaining from this angle, children basically won't forget anything.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) transfer literacy method

Transfer literacy method is to use the transfer of familiar words to understand the words with radicals, remove the radicals of familiar words and replace them with familiar words. This method of literacy is the most acceptable method for primary school students, because it uses the transfer of familiar words to reduce the difficulty of literacy. When you are familiar with familiar words, remember a radical change. If you learn to read before you learn, you can use familiar words to add radicals. If you learn Niang characters, you can use familiar words to remove radicals.

Sixth, the decomposition of literacy law

Some complicated words can't be remembered by the above literacy methods, so we can only use the decomposition literacy method. Multi-angle shape discrimination and decomposition literacy are important methods for primary school students to read. Children observe complex glyphs from the whole outline to individual parts. When writing, it is also easy to miss small strokes or mispronounce complex parts of words. Decomposed literacy is a summary of children's literacy defects. If bi can be decomposed into Wang Baishi, Italy can be decomposed into the heart of the sun, which is convenient for learning and memory.

Question 2: What are the literacy methods? Common literacy teaching methods are as follows:

1. Centralized literacy method

Based on the law of Chinese character configuration, the centralized literacy method directly inherits the experience of Mongolian literacy education in China, and adopts the method of "basic characters with characters" to teach, so that students can read a lot and lay a solid foundation of Chinese.

2. Decentralized literacy method

Decentralized literacy method adopts the method of "reading more texts", with special emphasis on the important factor of "text language environment" It starts with reforming the relationship between literacy and reading, regards literacy as the beginning of reading, and integrates literacy into reading teaching. The advantages of this literacy method are: reading more articles and reading a lot.

3. Classified literacy teaching method

Classified literacy textbooks change the individual teaching of Chinese characters into group teaching, read them in batches in the form of classification, and consolidate them with short poems and after-school homework. In teaching, we should follow the principle of literacy in language environment, promote the synchronous development of language and thinking in the process of literacy, and realize mass literacy with large capacity, fast pace and high efficiency. Use the following methods in teaching: (1) Grasp the leading words and draw inferences from others. (2) Give full play to one's potential and learn new things by reviewing the past. The vast majority of new words in classified literacy are "semi-new words" to students. The key and difficult point of literacy is to establish the connection and association between the sound, form and meaning of new words, so as to establish the connection between the sound, form and meaning of new words. (3) Centralized distribution and key breakthroughs. (4) overall design, strengthen writing and practice. In the teaching process, three steps are implemented: overall perception, local exploration and comprehensive training.

4. Strange associative literacy method

Commonly used weird associative literacy methods are: (1) graphic method. According to the shape of Chinese characters, draw the shape of things with stick figures and establish the association between words and pictures. (2) Story method. According to the sound, form and meaning of words, come up with a story and describe it visually. (3) Model Law. Use action demonstration to express the relationship between sound, form and meaning of words. (4) knowing the law and breaking the law. By analyzing the components of Chinese characters, we can know the shape, understand the meaning and remember the pronunciation. (5) Extension method. By extension, we can understand the relationship between the shape and meaning of words. (6) metaphor. In this paper, the relationship between glyphs, sounds and meanings is analyzed by metaphor. (7) Reverse method. According to the components of Chinese characters, the word "no" is inserted to indicate its negative meaning. (8) riddle method. Analyze glyphs with riddles and guess the meaning. (9) Describe the method. Through visual description, the meaning of each part of the word is closely combined with the meaning of the word. (10) key method. Grasp the error-prone parts of words and make reasonable explanations.

5. Interesting and literate Chinese characters are the only word-based characters in the world that integrate form, sound and meaning. If you can read according to its rules, it will be full of fun and endless fun. (1) isomorphic connection method. Using a radical to bring out a group of words, which are familiar with each other, simplifies the mental process of students' literacy. One is to string words beside the shape, and pay attention to the variant characters. The second is to string words beside the sound and grasp the difficulties. (2) Understand words. Many Chinese characters understand each other because of their shapes, which can guide students to analyze the characters and associate them, thus achieving twice the result with half the effort. (3) Word discussion. According to the strokes and components of Chinese characters, the relationship between word formation is discussed. (4) the shape is close to the comparison method. For similar characters, teachers should focus on their similarities and differences, so as to eliminate the unfavorable factors in perceptual stereotypes. One is the permutation comparison method. The second is the feature generalization method. (5) Semantic analogy. One is the interpretation of the form symbol, the other is the interpretation of the sound symbol, and the third is the interpretation of the sound symbol. (6) Component description method. For parts without names, a popular description method is adopted, so that the shape and order can be known by the names. We can borrow popular sayings to lead to new sayings. (7) Joint language response method. First, the font knows how to deal with it. The second is the response of semantic attributes.

In addition, there are many literacy methods, such as "radical literacy", "pinyin Chinese character literacy" and "group grading literacy", all of which have carried out experiments of different scales and produced different degrees of influence. These literacy methods reveal the mechanism of Chinese character learning from their own perspectives and accumulate valuable experience.

Question 3: Several effective literacy methods, what literacy methods are there, fun literacy method 1, story-telling literacy method.

Make up a story to learn new words. For example, when a person is tired from walking and happens to see a tree by the road, he will rest against it. The word is "Hugh". Another example: smell, someone heard something outside the door, and he put his ear to the door to listen.

2, dismembered glyph literacy method.

Some words seem to have a lot of strokes, and students find it difficult to remember and write at first sight. If you remember these words separately, it will be simple and clear. Such as "drum", can be divided into ten beans and ten; "Winning" can be divided into death, mouth, moon, shell and fan. Some words can be dismembered, and the meaning of this word can be embodied on the basis of dismemberment, so that it is easier to remember Zhu … Enjoyment can be interpreted as the word "cooked" when meatballs are cooked in water.

3. Comparative literacy method.

Many Chinese characters are similar in pronunciation and shape, but far from each other in meaning. How can we identify and distinguish these characters? You can learn by comparison, that is, write these words and compare them. Such as: green, evasive, clear, please, clear, clear, these words appear in the second or third volume respectively. We can compare these words in sound, form and meaning, and then group them, so that they are easy to remember.

4. Radical literacy (pictophonetic literacy).

On the basis of learning some compound words, students can basically understand the meaning of radicals of commonly used words. For example, except wood characters, most of them are related to trees, such as pine, cypress, birch and tree. Stands for water-related words, such as river, clear water, lake and sea. , stands for words related to animals, such as cats, dogs, foxes, etc. And words related to human movements, such as lifting, lifting, picking and carrying. There are many such pictophonetic characters. If you know the meaning of radical, you can usually know the pronunciation and meaning of this word by looking at it. In this way, students have the enthusiasm to recognize words, and some words can generally understand the meaning and pronunciation even if they don't learn them. But there are also some glyphs that don't match the meaning of words. For example, when learning the word "sacrifice", students know that this word means giving one's life for a just cause. Some students asked, "Teacher, why are these two words beside the word ox?" I guided the students to look up the dictionary and found that in the past, "sacrifice" was to kill cattle and sheep for sacrifice activities. The students immediately understood the meaning of these two words.

5, guess the word to read.

Riddle guessing is a game that students like to watch. Many Chinese characters in China can be a riddle, which is a good way to read. For example, a character with eleven strokes is neither horizontal nor straight. When students asked Confucius, Confucius said it was tasteless-tasteless. Will be less from more-birds.

6, familiar words with new words.

Some new words can be changed into new words by adding or removing some familiar words. For example, adding wood is plum, removing insects is branch ... There are many other ways to teach new words, such as drawing to teach new words, literacy in kind, demonstration literacy in action, and adding strokes. In teaching, we can combine various methods to arouse students' consciousness, enthusiasm and interest in learning and cultivate their literacy ability.

7, performance action literacy

In the teaching process, we can use body movements to demonstrate the relationship between form and meaning of words. Some students' words are verbs. When learning verbs, you can think about the action and do it again. For example, learn the word "look" and put your hand on your eyes, so that you can see as far as the Monkey King. For example, when learning the word "run", think about the action of running before doing it, so that students will understand that "run" is to run with (feet), so it is next to the word "feet". In this way, students can not only remember the glyphs clearly, but also understand the meaning of the words, so they can learn them effortlessly and enthusiastically.

8. Extracurricular literacy

(1) Read extracurricular books.

After 5-7 weeks, freshmen can master Chinese Pinyin and read some simple children's songs and stories with syllables. At this time, while teaching new words, teachers guide students to read some extracurricular books that they are interested in, which not only stimulates students' interest in reading, but also effectively consolidates Chinese Pinyin.

(2) read and consolidate fonts in life.

Knowledge comes from life, and students will come into contact with many new words in life, such as campus wall newspaper, teachers and students' names, commodity labels, physical names, books, computers, newspapers, house numbers, TV subtitles, station names and so on. Let children do "newspaper clippings", collect "interesting trademarks" and talk about "house numbers I know", so that students can find new words in their lives and pay attention to understanding and accumulating new words in their lives.

Students can come into contact with many Chinese characters in their living environment, which is also a good way to guide them to observe and read anytime and anywhere. For example, when handing out exercise books, let students take turns to hand them out, so that they can know the names of their classmates; On Sunday, let mom and dad ... >>

Question 4: What are the methods of literacy? Literacy and writing teaching in grade one is an important task in Chinese teaching. In terms of literacy and writing, the new curriculum standard puts forward two requirements: "separation of recognition and writing" and "less recognition and writing", which is of great significance to cultivating students' reading ability and ability to obtain information. But it is difficult for junior students to master the font. How to break through this difficulty? Let me talk about my experience with the S version of the textbook:

First, teach students to master the rules of word formation of Chinese characters by themselves.

In the past, teachers generally taught and students learned, and students were in a passive position. In the aspect of literacy teaching, the S version of the textbook fully embodies the idea of allowing students to learn independently. By thinking, remembering and analyzing glyphs in various ways, students' autonomous literacy ability is cultivated, and students can think, find and solve problems by themselves. This can not only stimulate students' interest in literacy, but also make their memory of glyphs more solid and firm, and also explore the rules of word formation of Chinese characters.

In the first grade literacy teaching, I do this: first, guide students to observe the situation map, so that they have the desire to read, master the pronunciation of new words and know the glyphs in repeated reading. Then I asked the students, "Today we are going to learn these new words and see who is the cleverest?" Come up with the best memory method by yourself, please tell us. With such a question, the students were full of interest and immediately began to look for answers in their brains, and put forward many different memory methods: "familiar words with strokes", "comparison of similar words", "homophones", "removal of radicals of familiar words", "disassembly of parts" and "restoration of strokes" ... For example, learning the word "Tian", some people say "Da" with horizontal lines. Some people say that the word "person" plus two horizontal lines is heaven; Some people say that "husband" is not a day. When learning the word "garden", some people say that adding a wall outside the word "garden" means "garden", so as to understand that "campus and park" have walls and distinguish the usage of "garden" from "garden". After learning the word "love", the students divided it into ","and "friends", and I accompanied it with a children's song "Claw prefix, bald treasure cover, children, so cute". In this way, students will soon remember new words.

Second, break through the difficulties of glyphs in relaxed and happy learning.

Children who have just entered school are young, inattentive and prone to fatigue. The "new curriculum standard" puts forward that students should cultivate their attitudes and feelings towards Chinese characters and their learning, have the desire to read actively, and initially feel the physical beauty of Chinese characters. Therefore, various ways and means should be adopted in teaching to stimulate students' interest and let them learn while playing. In this way, while fully mobilizing students' unintentional attention, it also promotes the development of their intentional attention. Teachers should create situations to solve difficulties and promote students' flexible and creative development. Let me introduce some interesting literacy methods:

1. crossword puzzle. In the first grade literacy teaching, I found that "crossword puzzles" can help children easily master some difficult new words. After being guided, children often brainstorm crossword puzzles to communicate in class, and the classroom atmosphere is very active, such as making friends with friends and two moons. Lin: Two trees stand side by side. Hugh: Leaning against the wood alone. Rest: your heart. A small tree with a straw hat on its head. Think: ten mouths, one heart, guess and use your head. Lei: Raindrops fall on the fields ... Children can not only make up new words appearing in books, but also extend this literacy method to extracurricular activities and tell them to parents, which not only stimulates children's interest in literacy, but also consolidates new words. It has achieved unexpected results.

2. Word combination game. The teacher writes the word-formation components of one word or several words on the card in disorder, and gives each group a copy, so that they can form as many words as possible through group cooperation, and then the group sends representatives to the stage to show the effect of cooperation, so that all students can read and judge the champion group. This reflects the teaching idea of guaranteeing the bottom and not capping. Students can not only write the words that appear in textbooks, but some students can also write many words that they know after class.

3. Grab the card. The teacher put many cards in the blackboard slot and assigned 2-3 people to stand in front of the blackboard. According to the pronunciation read by the teacher, find out the words of the relevant cards. After reading it, add a word or say a word, and whoever grabs more will be given a small red flag.

4. Make up stories skillfully and remember glyphs skillfully. In teaching, according to the age of students and the characteristics of word formation, students' association is fully exerted to reveal the word formation principle of Chinese characters and the relationship between sound, form and meaning. Interpret and activate abstract Chinese characters into pictures or short stories through intuitive means, vivid language and vivid stories. For example, when learning "stay", the teacher tells stories and writes strokes: "A person with a big mouth (mouth) is as motionless as wood, he is ... >>"

Question 5: There are several ways for pupils to read. Chinese characters are a common writing tool for exchanging ideas in our society. Literacy is the basis of reading and writing. If literacy fails, it will not only affect the improvement of children's Chinese level, but also seriously hinder the study of other subjects and limit the development of children's intelligence.

According to the requirements of the new curriculum outline, primary school students must learn about 2,500 commonly used Chinese characters, and lower grades should master about 2,000. It can be seen that the new curriculum reform has put the literacy teaching in the lower grades in the most important position. Then, how to cultivate the literacy ability of lower grades and consolidate the effect of improving literacy?

First of all, understand students and their characteristics.

Because literacy teaching is aimed at children in lower grades, to improve the literacy ability of these children, we must first understand the characteristics of these children. Knowing them, we can be handy. Knowing them can make their study in a good state, and their attention, observation, memory and imagination will be in the best state.

Junior students are often closely related to their interests because of their small grades, unstable attention and strong persistence. Vivid, concrete and novel things are more likely to attract their interest and attention, but they are not interested in more abstract concepts and theorems, so it is difficult to concentrate for a long time. Therefore, we need different classroom teaching methods to make students easily remember new words and improve literacy efficiency.

Second, flexible and diverse forms, optimize literacy teaching

Here are some common and practical literacy methods. Common literacy methods are: graphic literacy, riddle guessing literacy, children's songs fluency literacy, story-making literacy, component literacy.

1. Graphic literacy

The so-called graphic literacy method refers to a method of using pictures (stick figures, stickers, etc.). ) to help remember glyphs. This method is mainly suitable for hieroglyphics. Reading in this way is not only interesting, but also can cultivate students' imagination. For example, the simplest hieroglyphics such as "Sun, Moon, Water, Fire, Mountain, Stone, Field and Earth" are all pictographs of physical objects, with simple strokes and close to pictures. Learning this Chinese character can give full play to students' imagination. Let the children imitate the ancient man-made words: what is the "mountain" for painting mountains? Talking about how to write "Tian", everyone has a strong interest in creating and saying words, and at the same time they realize the sense of accomplishment in creating words with images, and also remember words with glyphs.

2. Guess reading and writing ability

As the name implies, crossword puzzles are a way to help students read by making up riddles and guessing riddles. This method is suitable for Chinese characters with relatively simple bookshelf structure and certain connections between components. Consolidating the knowledge learned by guessing riddles can not only arouse enthusiasm, but also cultivate students' logical thinking ability. Such as: "bite off the hand and tail" (accusation); "One point one horizontal, the fork is at the top of the door." (text), etc. Using riddles to help literacy according to the characteristics of glyphs can stimulate students' interest and activate their thinking. In the process of "guessing", students naturally understand and master glyphs and meanings.

3. Make up children's songs and read fluently

This method is to help students read by composing children's songs and fluency. This form of helping students to read through visual language is easily accepted by students, which can make students read in an interesting and relaxed way. For example, a man surnamed Wang has two pieces of candy (gold) in his pocket; "A man is bold enough to put the king under his feet" (all); Two children sitting on the dirt (sitting); The fluent reading method of children's songs is humorous, entertaining, easy to learn and remember, which can not only show the interest of Chinese, but also improve the effect of literacy. If you learn the word "love", read: "Claw prefix, flat treasure cover, children are so cute." Small pencils have sharp points, and small ones should be remembered (pointed); Children should sit up straight, if not straight, they will be crooked (crooked); Big mouth mother and small mouth, small mouth goes home (back) ... "。

4. Story-making literacy method

Story-making literacy is a way to skillfully connect several components of Chinese characters with stories to help students read. This method is suitable for memorizing words with complex glyphs. Most Chinese characters are composed of several parts. If you use your imagination and skillfully connect several parts, you can turn abstract words into vivid stories, which not only makes boring abstract strokes full of aura, but also adds interest to literacy. For example, the word "extinguish" (in case of fire, douse it with water); The word "swim" (there is a child wearing a swimming cap swimming in the square swimming pool); The word "left" (the person on the left is trying); ......& gt& gt

Question 6: There are several ways for pupils to read. There are several best answers for primary school students to read. Chinese characters are a common writing tool for exchanging ideas in our society. Literacy is the basis of reading and writing, which not only affects the improvement of children's Chinese level, but also seriously hinders the study of other subjects and limits the development of children's intelligence. According to the requirements of the new curriculum outline, primary school students must learn about 2,500 commonly used Chinese characters, and lower grades should master about 2,000. It can be seen that the new curriculum reform has put the literacy teaching in the lower grades in the most important position. Then, how to cultivate the literacy ability of lower grades and consolidate the effect of improving literacy? First, get to know the students and their characteristics. Because literacy teaching is aimed at children in lower grades, to improve the literacy ability of these children, we must first understand their characteristics. Knowing them, we can be handy. Knowing them can make their study in a good state, and their attention, observation, memory and imagination will be in the best state. Junior students are often closely related to their interests because of their small grades, unstable attention and strong persistence. Vivid, concrete and novel things are more likely to attract their interest and attention, but they are not interested in more abstract concepts and theorems, so it is difficult to concentrate for a long time. Therefore, we need different classroom teaching methods to make students easily remember new words and improve literacy efficiency. Second, the forms are flexible and diverse, and literacy teaching is optimized. Here are some common and practical literacy methods. Common literacy methods are: graphic literacy, riddle guessing literacy, children's songs fluency literacy, story-making literacy, component literacy. 1. Graphic Literacy The so-called graphic literacy refers to a method of using pictures (stick figures, stickers, etc.). ) to help remember glyphs. This method is mainly suitable for hieroglyphics. Reading in this way is not only interesting, but also can cultivate students' imagination. For example, the simplest hieroglyphics such as "Sun, Moon, Water, Fire, Mountain, Stone, Field and Earth" are all pictographs of physical objects, with simple strokes and close to pictures. Learning this Chinese character can give full play to students' imagination. Let the children imitate the ancient man-made words: what is the "mountain" for painting mountains? Talking about how to write "Tian", everyone has a strong interest in creating and saying words, and at the same time they realize the sense of accomplishment in creating words with images, and also remember words with glyphs. 2. Word guessing literacy As the name implies, word guessing literacy is a method to help students read by making up riddles and guessing riddles. This method is suitable for Chinese characters with relatively simple bookshelf structure and certain connections between components. Consolidating the knowledge learned by guessing riddles can not only arouse enthusiasm, but also cultivate students' logical thinking ability. Such as: "bite off the hand and tail" (accusation); "One point one horizontal, the fork is at the top of the door." (text), etc. Using riddles to help literacy according to the characteristics of glyphs can stimulate students' interest and activate their thinking. In the process of "guessing", students naturally understand and master glyphs and meanings. 3. Make up children's songs and read fluently. This method is to help students read by making up children's songs and reading fluently. This form of helping students to read through visual language is easily accepted by students, which can make students read in an interesting and relaxed way. For example, a man surnamed Wang has two pieces of candy (gold) in his pocket; "A man is bold enough to put the king under his feet" (all); Two children sitting on the dirt (sitting); The fluent reading method of children's songs is humorous, entertaining, easy to learn and remember, which can not only show the interest of Chinese, but also improve the effect of literacy. If you learn the word "love", read: "Claw prefix, flat treasure cover, children are so cute." Small pencils have sharp points, and small ones should be remembered (pointed); Children should sit up straight, if not straight, they will be crooked (crooked); Big mouth mother and small mouth, small mouth goes home (back) ... ".4. Making up stories to read is a way to skillfully connect several parts of Chinese characters with stories to help students read. This method is suitable for memorizing words with complex glyphs. Most Chinese characters are composed of several parts. If you use your imagination and skillfully connect several parts, you can turn abstract words into vivid stories, which not only makes boring abstract strokes full of aura, but also adds interest to literacy. For example, the word "extinguish" (in case of fire, douse it with water); The word "swim" (there is a child wearing a swimming cap swimming in the square swimming pool); The word "left" (the person on the left is trying); The word "right" (the person on the right is swallowing ... >>