Learning to test politics requires memorizing knowledge points

knowledge points of political science examination

required course 1 "Economic Life"

Unit 1 Life and Consumption

1. Commodities are labor products for exchange. The basic attributes of commodities: use value and value.

2. Money is a commodity separated from the commodity world and fixed as universal equivalent. The essence of money is universal equivalent.

3. The basic functions of money are value scale and circulation means. Money also has the functions of storage, payment and world currency.

4. Value is the basis of price, and price is the monetary expression of value.

5. Paper money is issued by the country (or some regions) and used compulsorily. The circulation of paper money must be limited to the amount of money needed in circulation.

6. Inflation refers to the phenomenon that the price level keeps rising in the economic operation. Deflation is an economic phenomenon opposite to inflation.

7. In economic income and expenditure transactions, people usually use cash settlement and transfer settlement. Credit cards, checks, etc. are commonly used tools in economic settlement. Checks are divided into transfer checks and cash checks.

8. Foreign exchange is a means of payment expressed in foreign currency for international settlement.

9. Exchange rate, also known as exchange rate, is the exchange rate between two currencies. If 1 units of foreign currency can be exchanged for more RMB, it means that the exchange rate of foreign currency has risen; On the contrary, it means that the foreign currency exchange rate has fallen.

1. There are many factors that cause price changes and differences, such as climate, time, region, production, and even cultural factors such as religious beliefs and customs can cause price fluctuations. The influence of various factors on commodity prices is realized by changing the relationship between supply and demand of the commodity. Simply put, supply and demand affect prices.

11. When the demand for commodities increases and the supply decreases, resulting in the shortage of commodities, the phenomenon of "scarcity is the most valuable thing" appears. When the demand for goods decreases and the supply increases, resulting in a surplus of goods, the phenomenon of "more goods are worthless" appears.

12. The change of price is influenced by the relationship between supply and demand, but the value determines the price.

13. The value of commodities is directly proportional to the socially necessary labor time, and inversely related to the social labor productivity, and has nothing to do with individual labor productivity.

14. The basic content of the law of value is that the value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labor time for producing the commodity, and the exchange of commodities is based on the value. Commodity prices are affected by the relationship between supply and demand, and fluctuating around the value is the manifestation of the law of value.

15. Generally speaking, when the price of a certain commodity rises, people will reduce their purchases; When the price drops, people will increase their purchases.

16. The demand of different commodities has different responses to price changes. Price changes have little influence on the demand for daily necessities, but have great influence on the demand for high-grade durable goods.

17. Consumers' demand for given commodities will also be affected by the price changes of related commodities. Substitute for each other (can be substituted for each other): the price of one commodity rises, the demand for this commodity decreases, and the demand for another commodity increases. Complementary commodities (only when they are used together): As the price of one commodity rises, the demand for this commodity decreases, and so does the demand for another commodity.

18. The influence of price changes on production is as follows: adjusting output and adjusting input of production factors. The influence of price changes on production is an important embodiment of the law of value.

19. Factors affecting consumption level: The fundamental factor is the national economic development level (or productivity development level); The main factor is the income of residents. Income is the basis and premise of consumption.

2. Types of consumption: (1) According to different transaction methods, it can be divided into the consumption of money and goods, loan consumption and lease consumption.

(2) According to different consumption purposes, it can be divided into subsistence consumption, development consumption and enjoyment consumption. Among them, the consumption of means of subsistence is the most basic consumption.

21. Engel coefficient refers to the proportion of food expenditure to total household expenditure. The decrease of Engel's coefficient shows that people's living standards have improved and their consumption structure has improved.

22. Consumer psychology mainly includes: consumption caused by conformity psychology, consumption caused by seeking differences, consumption caused by comparison psychology and consumption caused by seeking truth from facts.

23. To be a rational consumer, we should practice the correct consumption principles: live within our means and consume moderately; Avoid blind obedience and rational consumption; Environmental protection and green consumption; Diligence and thrift, hard work.

unit 2 production, labor and management

24. production determines consumption: production determines the object, mode, quality and level of consumption and creates motivation for consumption. Consumption has an important reaction to production.

25. The production of material data is the basis for the survival and development of human society.

26. The process of social reproduction includes four interrelated links: production, distribution, exchange and consumption.

27. China is in the primary stage of socialism, and the contradiction between people's growing material and cultural needs and backward social production is the main contradiction in society. Emancipating and developing social productive forces is the fundamental task of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

28. The basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism in China is that public ownership is the main body and various forms of ownership develop together.

29. Public ownership of the means of production is the fundamental economic feature of socialism and the foundation of the socialist economic system. Public ownership economy includes state-owned and collective components in state-owned economy, collective economy and mixed ownership economy.

3. The state-owned economy is the pillar of our national economy. The state-owned and collective components in collective economy and mixed ownership economy are important components of socialist public ownership economy.