How to prepare lessons, explain lessons and evaluate lessons

The lecture should cover every link of teaching design, mainly including the following contents:

Let's talk about the teaching content first

Textbook is the carrier of curriculum. Can you understand the teaching materials accurately and profoundly, deal with them strategically, deal with them realistically and organize them scientifically and reasonably?

Is the premise of a good class.

1, textbook content: explain clearly the position and function of the textbook in this unit or even this textbook, that is, clarify the arrangement intention or knowledge structure system of the textbook.

2. Talking about teaching objectives: Explain how to determine the teaching objectives of this lesson according to the content of the textbook, the curriculum requirements and the students' reality, including the overall objectives of the syllabus or curriculum standards.

Sub-goals and units of grade teaching and small goals of this course. This paper mainly introduces what is the "three-dimensional" goal of this course, the basis for determination and the way to implement it.

3. Teaching material processing: explain how to select the teaching material content, and reasonably expand or deepen the teaching material content, and turn it into teaching content through certain processing, that is, find out.

Various knowledge points and their relationships.

(1) processing principle. For example, a teacher said that the textbook of junior high school history "Sino-British Opium War" was processed:

Textbooks are the basis of teaching, but they are not the product of teaching. As teachers, we should treat textbooks scientifically. I have two guidelines when dealing with this textbook.

Ideologically, the first thing is to pay attention to clear clues and systematize the knowledge of teaching materials; Secondly, it conforms to the general understanding law and is convenient for students to remember.

The textbook of this lesson is divided into three parts: Britain launched a war of aggression; China soldiers and civilians rose up to resist; Signed by treaty of nanking. I rewrote it into four contents: Britain 2.

Launch a war of aggression; The process of war; The result of the war; The influence of the opium war.

② Determination and basis of key points. What is the focus and foundation of teaching?

A teacher said that the focus of a junior high school geography class "American Industry and Agriculture" has been determined;

The content of this lesson includes two parts: American industry and agriculture, focusing on the economic characteristics of the United States and the distribution of the three major regions of American industry

There are two grounds for determining the content. One is the knowledge system of teaching materials. The economic characteristics of the United States are the skeleton of American economic geography, and industry is the mainstay of the American economy.

The prominent feature of natural and industrial geography is the distribution of three industrial zones, so it is determined as the focus.

③ Determination and basis of difficulties. What are the difficulties in teaching and what is the basis?

A teacher said that junior high school geography "American industry and agriculture" is difficult to determine;

There are three difficulties in this lesson. The first is the formation and distribution of American agricultural belt, the second is the spatial composition of American industrial cities, and the third is the American economy.

The determination of economic problems is based on two aspects, one is teaching materials and the other is students. In terms of teaching materials, the spatial problem of agricultural belt itself is more complicated, which affects the formation of agricultural belt.

There are many reasons, and the agricultural belt has a large spatial span. There are many names of industrial cities in the United States, and 58 names appear on the textbook map. It's hard to remember names and grasp space problems.

The economic problems in the United States involve political, historical, cultural and economic factors, and the ability of junior high school students to accept and digest so much knowledge and information at the same time is limited; student

My understanding of the United States is limited, and my memory and imagination of things in space are also limited, so it is listed as a teaching difficulty.

(4) Explain the problems worthy of attention and discussion in the teaching material processing.

Second, the teaching object theory

1, analyze students' knowledge and ability level, and find out the possible difficulties and countermeasures in learning this course.

2. Analyze the psychological and physiological characteristics of students and the teaching countermeasures adopted according to their characteristics.

A teacher said that the teaching object of the lesson "Sino-British Opium War" was analyzed as follows: This lesson is a textbook for junior two, and the students' situation is analyzed from the following four aspects.

In terms of knowledge mastery, the fifth grade of primary school has been studying the Opium War for more than two years, and many students have forgotten their knowledge, so they should talk about it comprehensively and systematically.

Psychologically, students are interested in history lessons and love to listen to historical stories. Teachers should seize these favorable factors and guide students to realize that history is a science and learn history well.

Conducive to the study of other subjects.

Physically, teenagers are active, easily distracted, and love to express their opinions, hoping to get praise from teachers. Therefore, students should be grasped in teaching.

We should use intuitive and vivid images to arouse students' interest and focus their attention on the classroom. On the other hand, we should create conditions and opportunities for students.

Express opinions and give full play to students' initiative in learning.

Knowledge obstacles for students to learn this lesson. Students will encounter some knowledge obstacles when studying this lesson, such as the difference between the root cause of war and the fuse, leasing land, consul.

Concepts such as jurisdiction are not easy for students to understand, so teachers should make a simple and clear analysis in teaching.

Third, talk about teaching methods.

1, Spoken Language Teaching Method: Say what kind of teaching methods, teaching means and educational theoretical basis to choose for this course. Specifically, we should do a good job in the following aspects:

(1) Describe the most basic or main teaching methods used in this class and the teaching principles or principles on which they are based.

(2) Tell a set of teaching methods and means selected by this class, their optimal combination and their basis. No matter which teaching method is the main one, it is combined with the design of the school.

The preparation conditions, teachers' own specialties and students' reality all depend on it. We should pay attention to practical results, not mechanically copy a certain teaching method, but pay attention to the organic nature of various methods.

Combine and advocate the teaching method of letting a hundred flowers blossom.

③ Explain the relationship between teachers' teaching methods and students' learning methods.

We should focus on how to highlight key points and solve difficulties.

2. Speaking of learning methods: Say what learning methods this class intends to teach students and what learning abilities to cultivate. Specifically, two main issues should be clarified:

(1) According to the characteristics and teaching objectives of this textbook, what learning methods should students adopt to study and how to operate this learning method in class?

(2) In this class, what kind of learning methods should teachers guide and how to make students learn how to integrate into learning in the process of learning?

Legal guidance

Fourth, said the teaching process

The teaching process is the key part of the lecture, which requires:

1, the overall structural design of the whole teaching process, including the arrangement of preview, teaching, training and review.

2. Talk about the arrangement of teaching links, including how to introduce new courses, how to learn new courses, how to consolidate the effectiveness of new courses, and how to transition.

3. Design of teaching methods to show the key and difficult points in teaching.

4. The design of blackboard writing, including the content of blackboard writing, the development process in teaching and the relationship between blackboard writing and teaching.

5. When it comes to teaching feedback, it is necessary to make a dynamic prediction of the teaching process, taking into account the possible changes and their adjustment countermeasures.

In each link above, we should not only say what to do, how to do it, but also explain why to do it.

Fifth, talk about teaching theory.

Speech theory is the essential attribute of speech. The lecture is not necessarily a single lecture link, but can run through the above four links. For example, a teacher teaches Chinese and English.

Design of several links in the Opium War;

① Import. The method is video import. First show a video of Humen destroying opium, and then introduce the new lesson. There are two advantages. First, use intuitive teaching methods to arouse students.

Interest; The second is to review the knowledge of the last lesson and naturally introduce new lessons.

(2) Highlight key points. First, divide the war process into two stages, then illustrate it with charts, and finally organize discussions. The discussion is divided into three steps. First of all,

Doubt. Who was just and who was unjust in the Sino-British war? Doubt. As China is waging a just war against aggression and fighting at home,

At the same time, there is tenacious resistance from the people of China. Why did it fail? Third, dispel doubts. Through discussion, we can find out the reasons for the failure, one is the corruption of the Qing government, the other is the division.

The fundamental reason for the backwardness of learning technology is the backwardness of social system. If you fall behind, you will be passively beaten. This design has three purposes. The first purpose is to make students move their eyes and ears.

On the basis of the course, we should further think with our brains and speak with our mouths, so as to coordinate the use of various organs and promote the development of students' thinking and expression ability. The second purpose is to achieve

The goal of ideological education has been achieved. Third, through the teacher's lectures, students can be improved from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, thus pushing this class to a climax.

③ Training design. Firstly, the consolidation function, assessment function and feedback function of training are introduced. Then it introduces the difficulty of the training questions, that is, which level of students are designed for;

Finally, the training basis is introduced: following the teaching syllabus, highlighting ideological, basic and teaching difficulties; There is a gradient; Flexibility; The amount of training is moderate.

How to evaluate classes

Classroom evaluation should also cover every link of teaching design, mainly including the following contents:

First, the evaluation of teaching content

It depends on whether the teaching materials are accurately grasped, whether the teaching materials are properly handled, whether the key points are prominent, whether the difficulties are broken, and whether the teaching objectives are comprehensive and specific.

Appropriateness and comprehensiveness can be determined from knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values; Specifically, the "three-dimensional goal" should have clear requirements and be scientific.

Family characteristics; Suitability refers to the determined teaching objectives, which can be guided by the syllabus and curriculum standards, reflect the characteristics of annual, grade and unit textbooks, and conform to the age reality and cognitive laws of students.

The difficulty is moderate.

Second, the evaluation of teaching objects

Whether to face all students, whether to fully respect students' dominant position in classroom teaching activities, whether to strive to create a relaxed and democratic classroom teaching atmosphere, teachers and students

No matter whether the feelings are harmonious or not, the teaching countermeasures adopted are helpful to overcome students' learning difficulties and psychological obstacles.

Third, the evaluation of teaching methods and learning methods.

Whether the teaching methods and means closely focus on the goal and serve the realization of the goal will help to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching; The application of modern teaching means is

Is it tailor-made, flexible and diverse teaching methods, is it in line with the direction of educational reform, is there reform and innovation, and is there a unique teaching art

Surgical style.

Whether the purpose of learning method guidance is clear, whether the content of learning method guidance is implemented, whether the way of learning method guidance is feasible, whether attention is paid to excavating students' internal factors,

And guide and encourage them; Whether to cultivate students' habit of independent thinking, exploring and questioning; Whether to cultivate students' good thinking habits and thinking products

Quality, teaching students the ability to think and solve problems in many ways.

Fourthly, the evaluation of teaching process.

Whether the design of teaching ideas conforms to the reality of teaching content and students' reality; Whether it is original or not, and whether it can give students a sense of freshness; Teaching idea

Whether the level is clear and whether the teaching objectives can be achieved.

Whether the teaching process closely revolves around the teaching objectives, whether it is rigorous and orderly, whether the link transformation is natural art, whether it creates a good questioning situation for students and strengthens questioning.

Question consciousness, stimulate students' thirst for knowledge.

Whether the knowledge transfer is accurate and scientific, whether the key content is contacted as soon as possible, whether the teaching time of the key content is guaranteed, and whether the key knowledge and skills are improved.

Strengthen and consolidate.

Import, end and other important teaching links and key points, whether the teaching method design of difficult knowledge teaching conforms to the characteristics of the subject, whether it can mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and cultivate students' ability.

Force.

The design of blackboard writing is scientific. Whether the blackboard writing design is scientific and reasonable, whether it is based on the outline, concise, organized and artistic,

Whether the exercise design is oriented to all students and reflects hierarchy; Whether the training purpose is clear and consistent with the teaching objectives of this course; Is the training method appropriate? Yes.

Does it contribute to the formation of students' ability and the cultivation of their thinking quality?

Whether the time allocation is reasonable, whether there is a phenomenon of "loose before tight" or "loose before tight", and whether students have too little time to study by themselves, think independently and finish their homework independently.

Phenomenon, lectures and practice, teachers and students, gifted students and middle school students, underachievers, whether the allocation of activity time is reasonable.

Fifth, the evaluation of teaching effect.

Whether the quality of students in different degrees has been improved on the original basis, whether they have acquired learning methods, formed good habits, cultivated emotions and learned morality.

Sublimation is to achieve high teaching efficiency, students' active thinking, solving problems in class, and students' reasonable burden.

Sixth, the evaluation of teaching philosophy

Whether it embodies advanced educational ideas, such as: facing all students and making them develop in an all-round and harmonious way; Autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning; Teachers should be students.

A promoter of learning; Learning should emphasize process, experience, practice and so on.

Seventh, the evaluation of teaching basic skills.

Whether Putonghua is up to standard; Whether the language is accurate, clear, concise and enlightening; Whether the intonation is appropriate, the speed is moderate, and the cadence is changeable. Is the handwriting appropriate?

Clean and beautiful, skillful in sketching, dignified in teaching, calm in manner, enthusiastic in attitude, profound in professional skills, skilled in teaching AIDS and practical in instrument operation.

Check whether the timing and location of the demonstration are properly grasped and whether good results are achieved.

Evaluation requirements: 1, listen carefully, 2, grasp standards, 3, pay attention to art, 4, draw up an outline (overall evaluation, main advantages or characteristics, problems to be discussed, suggestions for improvement).

Discussion)

Matters needing attention in class evaluation: 1, according to the characteristics of classroom teaching and the actual situation of class students, the class evaluation should be realistic and open, and personal inclination should be avoided. 2.

The inner attitude and tone of discussion are the same as those of the teacher. You can't impose your views on others. 3. Grasp the key points and concentrate on solving the main problems.

Do comments and research, don't cover everything and talk in general. 4. Based on facts, enhance persuasiveness. 5. Do a good job of investigation and get to know the teacher as comprehensively as possible.

And the students.