What is Yue Tiao and what is Beigong Tiao?

Henan Yue Diao, popular in Henan and northern Hubei, is one of the three major opera types in Henan.

The performances include Yue Diao Master - Shen Fengmei

There are three types of performances: the first is shadow puppet Yue Diao; the second is puppet Yue Diao; the third is Yue Diao troupe.

These three performance forms are still popular in rural areas in northern Hubei, western Anhui and Nanyang in Henan.

Due to its long history, Henan Yue Diao music has more tunes and more complete tunes.

The singing style is mainly "Yue Diao", and sometimes "Chui tune", "Kun tune", "Qiu Qiu", etc. are also sung.

The main accompaniment instruments are Sihu (commonly known as "Ladder to Heaven") (so Yue Diao is sometimes called "Four-stranded Strings"), supplemented by lying flute and Yueqin. Later, short pole pendulum was gradually added. Menzi, Erhu, Suona, Sanxian and Pipa.

Shehuo Yangko is a folk song and dance art with a long history. It is usually sung during the Spring Festival, weddings and holidays, and during the slack farming season. It originated from the totem worship and sacrificial songs and dances of primitive ancestors. After a long history

After a long historical evolution, it was formally formed in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.

Tange Shehuo Yangko, also known as "Shehu", is mainly sung during the Spring Festival and is called "playing Yangko" or "singing Shehuo".

According to the performance time, there are two types: "Shehuo" and "Nightshehuo".

"Shehuo" is performed during the day, mainly playing, supplemented by singing; "Yeshehuo" is performed at night, mainly singing, supplemented by playing.

According to the performance form, there are walking on high legs, high lifting, horse racing, singing, lion playing, dragon lantern playing, boxing, big head twisting, pounding garlic jars, moving boats, and paper horses. etc styles.

Around the 1950s, there were three categories of singing: "big singing", "small singing" and "yangko".

"Da Sing" is also called "Lantan" or "Bangzi Opera", which is today's Qin Opera.

"Xiao Sing" is divided into "Beigong Diao" and "Yue Diao". "Bei Gong Diao" is further divided into "Qian Beigong Diao", "Twisting Diao", "Luo Luo Jin" and "Back Palace Diao". "It is composed of four tunes; "Yue Diao" is divided into "Xiaoqu" and "Suite", "Xiaoqu" is also called "A String of Bells", and "Suite" is also called "Nine Tunes and Eighteen Tunes".

"Yangge" is a kind of song and dance drama, which can be divided into "production and life drama", "once in a lifetime", "witch woman", "humiliation" and "talking", etc.

< p> The following mainly talks about the relevant situation of "Xiao Sing" and "Yangge"

1. "Xiao Sing" The "back palace" in "Xiao Sing" is originally a music term, which means "three strings". According to the "tuning method", any tune set at 5 6 3 is the main palace tune, and any tune set at 1 5 1 is the beigong tune.

There are more than thirty lyrics of beigong tunes that have been circulated in the Tange area to this day. A kind of tune lyrics with a strict style.

"Beigong Diao" generally has four tones, one is "Qianbeigong Diao", the lyrics are seven-character sentences; the other is "Twisted Silk Diao", also called "Beigong Diao". The third is "Luo Luo Jin Diao", the full name is "Luo Luo Qian Diao"; the fourth is "Back Palace Diao", the lyrics of which are four-character sentences.

The song "Bei Gong" has both " Those who have "Qianbei Gong Diao" and "Back Gong Diao" are called "Double Bei Gong", such as "Pictures of Sages", "Wang Xiang Lies on the Ice", etc.; only "Qian Bei Gong Diao" does not have "Back Bei Gong Diao", and "Wei Bei Gong Diao" is used. The "Yue Tiao" whose tone is missing is called "Shanbei Gong", such as "Jiang Wei Sighs the Han", "Zui Erlang", etc.; some "Beigong Tiao" add several other tunes in the middle, and the added tunes are collectively called "Naoqu", such as in "The King of Wu Collects Lotus" and "The Qinfang Sends Lamps" include "Fanyan Tune", "Yangliuqing Tune", "Shandan Plum Blossom Tune", "Ping Tune" and other slapstick tunes; some "Bei Gong Tune" is still in the "Back Back Tune" "Gong Diao" adds several short four-character sentences of the same melody, called "Ji Sen Sentences"; there are also a small number of "Bei Gong Diao" whose "Twisting Diao" has more than one paragraph but several paragraphs.

"Xiao Sing" "Yue Diao" in "Xiaoqu" and "Suitou" are two types.

"Xiaoqu" is also called "A String of Bells", that is, a piece of music only uses one key from beginning to end, such as "Putting a Dowry" only "Selling Straw Hats" is sung in "Yangjia embroidered purse tune"; the "suite" is also called "nine tunes and eighteen tunes", that is, the tunes in one piece of music vary widely, such as in "Five There are three tones in "Fang Guandeng", "Annunciation Tune", "Ten Fragrance Tune" and "Jin Cha Shan Tune", and there are eighteen tones in "Shen Su San".

There are many tunes in "Yue Diao", about 80 kinds of which are derived from four categories: First, the tune names passed down orally from past dynasties, such as "Hua Diao" and "Huan Yan Diao" , "Ping Tune", etc.; the second is the tune name derived from the title of the "little tune", such as "Kite Flying Tune", "Butterfly Announcement Tune", etc.; the third is named based on the content of the lyrics and the emotion of the singing tune. Tune names, such as "Guilin Tiao", "Sadness Tune", "Worry and Anger Tune", "Denghua Annunciation Tune", "Tearing Unstoppable Tune", etc.; fourth are the tune names named after plants such as willows and willows, such as "Shandan Plum Blossom" "Tune", "Golden Hairpin Flower Tune", "Yangliuqing Tune", etc.; in addition, there are some tunes with unknown tunes or unknown names.

The lyrics of "Yue Tiao" have a wide range of contents and have been circulated for thousands of years. They can be divided into two categories: "textual transmission" and "oral transmission".

"Textual circulation" refers to historical romance stories, immortals, Buddhist and Taoist legends that have been recorded in writing from ancient times to the present, such as "Three Emperors Rule the World", "Qujiang Dazi", "Inspection of Su San", etc.; "Text spread" refers to the lyrics circulated orally by the people, which are true portrayals of folk production and life in various historical stages, such as "December", "Heavy Joy", "Strong Felt", etc.

Regardless of the way it is spread, the main content is about loyal ministers and good generals, love between men and women, and the joys and sorrows of life. Among them, the songs about love are also called "sour songs."

"Yue Diao" can be divided into two types according to the narrative form: "Ballade" and "Eighteen Dialogues".

"Ballade" is a piece of music that tells a story, such as "The Mat", "Ten Mile Pavilion", "The Rebellion of King Wu", etc.

"Jiang" and so on.

In "Xiao Sing", whether it is "Beigong" or "Yue Diao", its singing forms can be divided into three types: "Yindan", "Ziban" and "Moving the boat".

"Yindan" refers to the Shehuo Yangko singing during the Spring Festival, with the accompaniment of Erhu, Sanxian and other musical instruments, with four or eight people in Sheng and Dan performing in pairs called "Ba Singing with the step pattern of "step" is called "twisting eight steps", or singing in a circle with several characters together is called "twisting circle"; "sitting in class" refers to singing while sitting down during red and white events throughout the year, and It is called "Hexi" or "capella singing"; "Mochuan" refers to singing during Yangko performances while rowing land boats, usually focusing on memorizing songs from the palace.

Singing in public places is called "public performance", while singing in private homes is called "private performance".

2. "Yangge" As mentioned before, the "Yangge" in the Shehuo Yangge song and its "production and life drama" truly reflect the production and living conditions of the people in various historical stages and their inner feelings. The spiritual world, such as "Hoeing Cotton", "Four Girls Hoeing the Fields", "Gleaning Vegetables", etc.; "Once in a Lifetime" are generally love songs that express the personal relationship between men and women, such as "Lan Yulian Carrying Water", "Selling Water", " "Selling Grate", "Cutting Silk", etc.; "Evil Woman" generally refers to stories about stepmothers and family members abusing their daughters and daughters-in-law, such as "The Cinnamon Girl Carrying Water", "Wang Denglong Divorced His Wife", etc.; "Disgraceful" generally means to offend people. Laughing humorous sketches, such as "Gua Daughter-in-law Becomes to Her Father-in-law", "Gua Wazi Pulls the Donkey", "Zhang Gong Carrying His Wife", etc.; "Shuo Zui" is also called "Wang Bian", which is similar to modern allegro, such as "Zhuo Miao" "Flea", "Living Pimples", "Speaking of the Bald Man", "Blind Date in Gongjia Mountain", etc.

Most of the tunes of "Yangko" in singing are one song and one tune, such as "Wild Magpie Flower", "Er Niang Lovesickness", etc.; a small number of them borrow "Yangge" from "Yue Diao" "Song" tunes, such as "Cinnamon Girl Carrying Water" are "Ten Branches of Fragrance" and "Wu Geng Bird"; in addition, there are Meihu tunes, such as "In-laws Fight", "Meeting in the Flower Pavilion", etc.

Judging from the content and tune of Tangeshe’s Huoyang songs, as well as the narrations of the elderly, there are three sources: first, the creations of local people, and second, absorption from surrounding areas such as Longxi, Luomen, Gangu, etc. The local tunes, and the third are tunes brought by immigrants from Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places.

In short, Tange Shehuo Yangko has its own distinctive style and local characteristics in terms of performance form, lyrics, tunes, content and sources. It has been passed down from generation to generation and developed and evolved into what it is today. A wonderful flower among the flowers of folk culture and art.