Bao Zheng is a famous upright official in history. What other upright officials do you know? Tell me about their deeds.

Top Ten Honest Officials in Ancient China

In feudal society, people were called honest officials when they treated good officials. In formal historical records of laws and regulations, good officials are generally not called honest officials, but called "honest officials", "good officials" and "honest officials" and so on. China is the first country to establish a bureaucracy in the world. Since Sima Qian's Historical Records, there has been a typological evaluation of bureaucrats. What is the standard of a good official? Different periods have different emphases. Sima Qian's standards are: teaching, being honest and abiding by the law. In the Warring States, Qin and early Han Dynasties, which advocated legalist politics, obeying the law was the most important criterion for a good official. In the period of "exclusive respect for Confucianism", the implementation of enlightenment has become the standard of good officials. However, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of education. From the year before the Three Kingdoms, according to Sima Yi's thought, honesty, prudence and diligence became the official standardization, and honest officials gradually became synonymous with good officials.

in feudal society, honest officials were actually representatives of the ruling class, and they all served to maintain feudal rule. However, compared with corrupt officials, they are beneficial to the people, have done some good things for the people, have played a certain role in social history, and are more praised by the people; Their honesty and impartiality in law enforcement are still of great significance for today's rule of law and clean government construction. Therefore, we selected ten of the most representative upright officials in ancient China for a brief introduction.

Ximen Bao was a Wei native during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, Yedi was an important gateway to the Wei capital and a strategic location, but natural and man-made disasters continued, and people were in dire straits. Wang Wei appointed Ximen Bao as the magistrate of Yexian County to administer Yedi. After Ximen Bao arrived in Yedi, he went incognito to inquire about the sufferings of the people, used the "Hebo married a wife" incident to punish the three elders, courtiers and witches intelligently, educated the people with facts, and broke superstitions. At the same time, the twelve canals of Zhanghe River were built to control the flood of Zhanghe River and develop agricultural production, so that the people in Yedi gradually became rich. Ximen Bao served as an official all his life, being honest and clean, and benefiting the people. After his death, Yedi people specially built an ancestral temple for him at the water's edge of Zhangshui, which was enshrined in the four seasons.

Zhao Guanghan was born in liwu county, Zhuo county in the western Han dynasty. He used to be Shou Jing Zhaoyin, the prefect of Yingchuan County, and Jing Zhaoyin. During his tenure as satrap in Yingchuan County, it was the best stage of Zhao Guanghan's early governance. He was not afraid of power and was smart and capable. In his first few months in office, he did two major things: First, he cracked down on the influence of the rich and powerful families and eased social contradictions; The second is to strengthen local management and change the local bad atmosphere. His fame spread from this, and it was his nature to be good at handling government affairs in this biography of Hanshu. When Zhao Guanghan served as Jing Zhaoyin, he showed a high sense of responsibility and often stayed up all night to handle various official duties. And good at thinking, pay attention to efficiency. During its governance, the politics in Jingzhao area was clear, and both officials and people praised it. However, Jing Zhaoyin's duty is to manage the capital, because at the foot of the Emperor, the daily handling of government affairs is easy to offend royalty and dignitaries. Therefore, although Zhao Guanghan is regarded as a leader among the city's administrators, he still ends up being beheaded. During Zhao Guanghan's tenure as Jing Zhaoyin, he was honest and clean as an official, and won praises from the people.

Huang Ba (? -51 BC), the word cigong, was born in Yangxia, Huaiyang (now Taikang, Henan) in the Western Han Dynasty. Historian Ban Gu commented: "Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the number of officials who govern the people is still the first." When Huang Ba was still young, he made up his mind to be a good official. Because there was no imperial examination system in the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued imperial edicts to alleviate financial difficulties, and all those who contributed property to the country were given to officials. Huang Ba traded food for a history of death. After entering politics, abide by the law and be honest; Observing the people's feelings, we should focus on persuading farmers and mulberry. In particular, Huang Ba adjudicates cases, advocates benevolent government and opposes torture; Insist on dealing with suspicious cases lightly; It is advocated that the crime should be treated with leniency from the outside, enlightenment first, and the focus should be on nip in the bud. Therefore, Huang Ba is an official, supported by the people, satisfied by the court, and convinced by his subordinates. As a result, Huang Ba rose from a small history of paying 2 stones a year to the prime minister of the imperial court. Among them, the most outstanding achievement was that he served as satrap in Yingchuan County, a big county at that time. Previously, Yingchuan County was a place where powerful landlords dominated one side and people were displaced. After he took office, he took drastic measures, gave kindness, placed refugees, paid attention to farming and mulberry, and educated them. After several years of careful management, Yingchuan appeared a peaceful scene of peace and stability, clear bureaucracy, and development of production. Therefore, the emperor wrote a letter praising Huang Ba as a good official.

Xu Yougong (? -72), whose real name is Xu Hongmin, was born in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty, and was the most famous official specializing in handling cases in Tang Dynasty. In ancient times, most official positions were mixed with administration and justice, and only in the imperial court were there special trial officers, but their position in the bureaucratic system was extremely low and it was difficult to make a difference. Although Xu Yougong has served as a full-time trial judge for a long time, he has gone down in history because he dared to strictly abide by the law, made a face-bashing, vindicated hundreds of unjust cases, and saved more than 1, lives. Xu Yougong has successively served as a judicial officer in Puzhou, a punishment officer in the punishment temple (Dali Temple), a foreign minister in Qiu Guan (Ministry of Punishment), and a doctor in charge of punishment in Shaoqing. When Xu Yougong was an official, it was during the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, when there was an insurrection by Wu Hou and a trap by cruel officials, so it was not easy to enforce the law correctly. Because Xu Yougong held six or seven hundred major cases before and after, and saved tens of thousands of lives, he was inevitably offended by cruel officials and treacherous court officials, and was frequently impeached and tried. However, in the end, he was charged with capital crimes three times, was pardoned three times, was dismissed from office twice and came back twice. Nevertheless, he remained determined, did not flatter, and devoted himself to law enforcement. Because of this, Xu Youyong became a rare full-time "judge" in history, and was praised as a "good official without history" by people at that time.

Di Renjie (67-7 AD), whose name was Huai Ying, was born in Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan) in the Tang Dynasty. He took the Ming Classics (one of the subjects in the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty) and entered the official career. After entering politics, he experienced two eras: Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. He was appointed as Facao of Bingzhou Dudufu at the beginning, transferred to Dali Cheng, and was appointed as an imperial adviser. He served as the secretariat of Ningzhou and Yuzhou, assistant minister of local officials and so on. Di Renjie was an official, as Lao Zi said, "saints are fickle in heart, and people are the heart". In order to save the innocent, he dared to defy the monarch's will, and always maintained his true colors of caring for the people and not fearing power. He always lived above the class and worried about the people, which was later called "the mainstay of the Tang Dynasty". He was appointed as Dali Cheng, who was in charge of criminal law. After one year in office, he handled more than 17, cases left over by his predecessor, and none of them appealed for redress. This shows that his fairness in handling affairs can be seen. Later generations have compiled many wonderful legends based on this, and even some people in the Netherlands have compiled a book "The Legend of the Judgment of Di Renjie in Datang".

Chen Xiliang, the word Gongbi, was born in Qingshen, Meizhou (now Sichuan) in the Northern Song Dynasty, originally from Jingzhao (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). He has been an official for more than 3 years since he was a scholar. He has served as a magistrate of a county, a magistrate, a magistrate, a transshipment history and other local officials. He has also served in the Kaifeng government and the imperial court in the capital. Whether he is an official in the local or the capital, Chen Xiliang hates evil and does not consider personal fortunes. He praises the common people and scares princes and nobles. Later, he died of overwork at the age of 64. Su Shi, a famous writer, claimed that he never made a tombstone for others, but he admired Chen Xiliang very much and worried that Chen Xiliang's deeds would be lost to later generations, so he made an exception and wrote The Biography of Chen Gongbi.

Bao Zheng (999-162), born in Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), was the most famous honest official in history. Since he was a teenager, he has been determined to contribute to the country and "do his best to die." The starting point of Bao Zheng's official career is the magistrate of a county, and later he served as the local chief executive such as magistrate and transfer ambassador. He has served as a senior official in charge of state finance, such as the minister of supervision, the deputy history of the Ministry of Housing, and other military positions; As a diplomatic envoy to Liao state; The most famous is that he worked as a bachelor in Tianzhangge Daizhi and Longtuge, so later people called him Bao Daizhi, Bao Longtu and Bao Bachelor. Although he served as the magistrate in Kaifeng for just over a year, after his death, Kaifeng people built a Baogong Temple next to the Kaifeng government office to commemorate and worship him. Bao Zheng lived a clean and simple life, never paying attention to ostentation and extravagance. Even if he became a big official, he still wore the same clothes as when he was in cloth. I hate corruption, and I said in the play "Begging without taking bribes" to Injong that "the incorruptible is the appearance of the people"; Greedy people are thieves of the people. " He was strict with himself all his life. He was appointed as a magistrate in Duanzhou, rectifying bureaucracy and cracking down on corruption, which was well received by the people. When he left office, he refused politely, "I won't return without a inkstone"; He was selfless all his life, did not avoid powerful people, and enforced the law like a mountain. All illegal acts of royalty and eunuchs are strongly advocated to be brought to justice. Vigorously rehabilitating unjust imprisonment is the main content deeply praised and praised by the people before and after Bao Zheng's death.

Bao Zheng was famous at that time and later generations, especially after his death. As a typical image of an honest official, he was greatly exaggerated by different genres of literary works, making it magical. With the development of international cultural exchange, Bao Zheng, a historical figure and artistic image, has won the world reputation. Although there is a great disparity between Bao Zheng in historical materials and the images in works of art, Bao Zheng's life can not only be appreciated by the feudal supreme rulers, but also be supported and loved by the lower classes in dire straits. As an honest official, it is indeed very typical.

Kuang Zhong (A.D. 1383-1442) was born in Longgang Prefecture, Jing 'an County, Jiangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty. Kuang Zhong's outstanding achievements in his life were when he was appointed as the magistrate of Suzhou. He directly reduced the official grain, reduced the burden on the people, and stabilized and developed the economy. At the same time, clean up the bureaucracy, correct the atmosphere, pay attention to clean up the unjust prison, and avenge the people. He arranged a schedule and asked about the case of a county every day, round and round, without interruption. In the first eight months, I have cleared more than 1,5 cases. The cases he has tried, no matter how big or small, can basically ensure that the people are not wronged, and local tyrants dare not do evil again. Now, as long as Kuang Zhong is mentioned, people will immediately think of the honest official who is willing to take risks, dare to uphold justice and vindicate the people in the story of Fifteen Guan. In addition, he also did good things to benefit one side, such as building water conservancy projects, running schools and recommending talented people. During his thirteen years in office, Kuang Zhong left office for three times and stayed in office for three times, doing a lot of practical work for Suzhou people, and finally broke down from overwork and died in Suzhou. In memory of Kuang Zhong, local people established ancestral temples in Suzhou and seven counties after his death.

Hai Rui (A.D. 1514-1587) was born in Qiongshan County, Hainan. The age in which he lived was the turning point of the Ming Dynasty from prosperity to decline. The surface was flat, and there were dangers at that time. When Harry was young, he showed great concern for social problems. When he worked in the Ministry of Housing, out of concern for the financial resources of the country, Emperor Jiajing indulged in the construction of temples and temples in various places in order to remonstrate with Taoism and seek immortality wholeheartedly. As a six-product junior official, he was determined to die. This time, he presented the famous "speaking frankly about the first thing in the world", which was later called "Public Security". Harry was put in prison immediately after the presentation. Fortunately, Jiajing died soon, and the new emperor was pardoned by the persuasion of Prime Minister Xu Jie, and the official was reinstated, and he was gradually promoted to the post of Governor of Yingtian Ten Mansions. After that, he presided over the formulation of severe punishments such as "8-year-old corruption" in order to correct the current abuses and strictly enforce the law and discipline. He was selfless and showed no mercy to Xu Jie, the old prime minister who had always been kind to him. He returned the 4, mu of fertile land occupied by the Xu family to the original owner, and asked Xu Jie's two sons and more than 2 family members who had bullied the good people to blame according to the law. Looking at Hai Rui as an official, after Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli dynasties, he risked his life to remonstrate for many times. Although it was to safeguard the fundamental interests of feudal rule, he was strict in law enforcement, eliminating violence, living a clean life, sympathizing with the people, appealing to exile, paying attention to developing production, building water conservancy projects, limiting the endless exploitation of big landlords, and reforming backward customs and habits, etc., and his actions were widely supported by the people.

Tang Bin (A.D. 1627-1687) was born in Suizhou, Baonan (now Suixian County), and was nicknamed Jing Xian. The main achievements were in Kangxi dynasty, from official to cabinet bachelor, governor of Jiangning, minister of rites, etc. Tang Bin has been an official all his life. Apart from writing books and developing Neo-Confucianism, he has concentrated almost all his energy on the management of river affairs and water transportation, and paid attention to reducing the burden for the people, helping the people, promoting the benefits and eliminating the evils, so that he has always devoted himself to practicing the Confucian "people-oriented" thought of "cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world", in order to change the "shortage of hazelnuts everywhere" into "prosperous times"

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