In The Story of Xiaoshitan, the author gives a lot of descriptions about the "pleasure" of discovering Xiaoshitan. Tell us about the author's intention in writing this.

Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes have a unique status in the history of Chinese literature. The most famous among them are "The Journey to Xishan Banquet in Shide", "The Story of Cobalt Lake", "The Story of West Xiaoqiu of Cobalt Lake", "The Story of Xiaoshitan West of Xiaoqiu" and "The Story of Yuan Family's Thirst" written after he was demoted to Yongzhou. "The Story of Shiqu", "The Story of Stone Stream", and "The Story of Xiaoshicheng Mountain", these works are collectively called "Eight Records of Yongzhou". These works show the beautiful landscapes at the turn of Hunan and Guangxi in a gallery style, inheriting and developing the tradition of Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu". "Shui Jing Zhu" is a geography book, with more objective descriptions of scenery and less expression of subjective emotions. Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes integrate his life experience, thoughts and feelings into the description of natural scenery, and put the author himself into the picture. He uses the beautiful scenery abandoned in remote areas to express his misfortunes and pour out his resentment and depression. . This article is the fourth chapter in Liu Zongyuan's "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". It maintains the consistent writing style of "Eight Notes of Yongzhou", with meticulous observation and detailed description. Show its appearance and convey its spirit. The article first writes about the scenery seen, then uses a close-up shot to describe the swimming fish and the pond water, and then writes about the scenery on the pond and my own feelings, describing the deep and lonely scenery and atmosphere of the small stone pond and its surroundings. In addition, the author also conveys his lonely and desolate mood in the relegated life in the description of the scene. It is a masterpiece that blends scenes. The full text is lonely, quiet, and melancholy. It looks like a description of scenery, but in fact it is a description of the heart. Although the article only describes the fish swimming in the pond in a few sentences, it extremely accurately describes the clearness of the pond water and the physical and mental posture of the swimming fish. In addition, the writing style of the article about the fish swimming in the pond is excellent. There is no mention of water. It only says that the fish "swim in the air and has no place to rely on." , which is amazing. Appreciation of "The Story of Little Rock Pond" (Cheng Zeng) Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes are the part of his prose creation that has a high degree of artistic skill and is the most artistically original. Among his few landscape travel notes, "Little Rock Pond" can be said to be a very representative work. "The Story of Xiaoshitan" is one of the "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". This prose vividly describes the beauty and tranquility of Xiaoshitan's environment and expresses the author's loneliness after being demoted and frustrated. The language is concise and vivid, the scenery is described delicately and realistically, and the whole article is full of poetic and picturesque flavor, which reflects the author's outstanding writing skills. Therefore, it has become a famous prose piece that has been passed down through the ages. This travel note can be divided into five paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the author uses the technique of "changing shapes step by step" to guide us to appreciate various different scenery during the movement and transformation, which has a strong sense of dynamic picture. "We walked a hundred and twenty steps west of the hill, separated by bamboos, and heard the sound of water, like a ring, and felt happy." The beginning of the article guides people to walk a hundred and twenty steps to the west of the hill. When we came to a bamboo forest, we could hear the sound of water flowing through the bamboo forest. "Huangzhu" refers to the bamboos that form a forest; "Ruming Peihuan" describes the clear and sweet sound of running water, just like the sound made when jade pendants and jade rings collide with each other. The article is composed of scenes and emotions, and is written very naturally. "Take a road to cut bamboo, and you will see a small pool at the bottom." In the dense bamboo forest, a trail was cut, and finally a small pool was seen. At this point, the entire face of Xiaoshitan is revealed to people. This journey from the hill to the bamboos, from the bamboos to the sound of water, and then to the small pool from the sound of water not only tells the story of the discovery of the small pool, but is also full of suspense and curiosity. A wonderful picture unfolds before people's eyes. From then on, the author focused on the careful description of the pool. "The water is particularly clear. The bottom is made of stone. Close to the shore, you can roll up the stone bottom to come out. It is a dip, an island, a kan, and a rock." The water in the small stone pool is particularly cool, and the entire small pool is made of stone. . The whole bottom of the pool is a big stone. Near the bank of the pool, the stone on the bottom of the water rolls up and emerges from the water. These stones come in all shapes and forms. "Di" refers to the high ground in the water; "Yu" refers to the small island; "Kan" and "Yan" are various forms of rocks. In short, this is a pool surrounded by stones of various shapes, so the author named it Xiaoshitan. "Green trees and green vines, swaying and swaying, scattered and scattered." This is the author's description of the scenery on the pool. There are green trees and green vines, which are intertwined to form a green network, dotted around the small pool, and the uneven branches sway in the wind. The description on this pool only contains 12 characters, which shows the extremely quiet and beautiful scenery around Xiaoshitan in front of people, making us more aware of the beauty of Xiaotan. In the second paragraph, the author describes the pool and swimming fish.

In this paragraph, the author uses a different technique from the first paragraph, changing from "moving and changing form" to "fixed-point close-up". This is an extremely exciting paragraph in the whole article. Especially the description of fish swimming in the water is even more lifelike. "There are hundreds of fish in the pond, and they all seem to be swimming in the sky with no support. The sun is shining brightly, and the shadows are spread on the rocks, but they are still; they are far away, and they come and go. They seem to be enjoying themselves with the tourists." This is a story. A very beautiful picture. The fish swimming in the water don't seem to be in the water, but like they are swimming in the air. When the sun shines down, the shadow of the fish falls on the rocks at the bottom of the pool. Literally, the author is writing about fish, but through the literal meaning, we cannot help but be deeply impressed by the clear water. This writing method of swimming fish and pond water reflecting each other has achieved a very good artistic effect. Below, the author further describes the fish. At first, the fish were motionless. Suddenly, some fish quickly scurried away, swimming here and there again, as if they were enjoying the happiness with the tourists. After reading this, people can't help but think of the author's joyful mood from the swimming fish. This writing method of moving from emotion to scene and from scene to emotion is a prominent feature of this prose. The third section explores the water source of Xiaoshitan and the scenery on the pool. "Looking to the southwest of the pond, you can see the twists and turns of snakes, and they can be seen bright and dark. The shape of its shores is different from each other, and its source is unknown." Looking to the southwest, a small stream is meandering, with a shape like the twists and turns of the Big Dipper, and also like a stream. The snake is swimming, some places are bright and some places are dark. The two sides of the creek are high and low, uneven and staggered. Here, the author very successfully uses metaphors, using the twists and turns of the Big Dipper and the crawling of snakes to describe the shape of the creek, and using the teeth of dogs to describe the two sides of the creek, making us feel more realistic. "The source is unknown" gives readers a feeling of confusion. The fourth paragraph describes the author's impression and feelings about Xiaoshitan. "Sitting on the pool, surrounded by bamboo trees on all sides, it was so lonely and desolate that I feel desolate and desolate. It's too clear a place to stay here for a long time, so I just left it in mind." Sitting on a small stone pool, surrounded by dense trees. The dense bamboos and trees are very quiet, and there are no people in sight. It makes people look desolate, chill to the bones, and feel sad and desolate mentally. Because its situation was too secluded and unsuitable for people to stay for a long time, they left after writing the inscription. In this paragraph, the author prominently wrote the word "quiet", and penetrated the quietness of the environment into his mind. The scenes blended together, and he wrote a miserable and lonely state of mind. This is undoubtedly a tortuous reflection of the author's mood after being demoted. The last paragraph, "The people who traveled with me: Wu Wuling, Gong Gu, and my younger brother Zongxuan. Those who followed me: Cui's Erxiaosheng, said Shuji, said Fengyi." Write down the people who traveled with the author to Xiaoshitan. "The Story of Little Rock Pond" is an excellent landscape travel note with exquisite language, rich meaning and vivid images. It shows the author's profound observation and unique experience of things, as well as the author's profound artistic skills. The meticulous techniques and clever, vivid metaphors used in the article to describe the scenery are worthy of our reference. (Selected from "Dictionary of Appreciation of Ancient Prose", 1987 edition by Rural Reading Publishing House) Appreciation of "The Story of Xiaoshitan" (Fan Peisong) "The Story of Xiaoshitan in the West of Xiaoqiu" is the fourth of the "Eight Stories of Yongzhou". This prose is about a little-known little Shitan. This small stone pool cannot be called a beautiful scenery, let alone a scenic spot. It is just a small pool next to an unknown hill. The author's writing of this small stone pond is the best proof that he has not been tainted by the bad habit of aestheticism in displaying beautiful scenery. Judging from the value of this selection of materials, it is also of great reference significance for our current travel writing. Although Xiaoshitan is not well-known, it still took a little trouble to see it: I saw the bamboo bushes and heard the sound of water, but there was no sign of Xiaoshitan. Although the appearance of the small stone pool cannot be called a thousand calls, it can still be said to be as wonderful as holding a pipa and half covering the face. It was only when we were "cutting bamboo to take the road" that we saw the small stone pond. It is really a winding path leading to a quiet place, and the scenery is indeed extraordinary. This "extraordinary" appears in the form of "strange". The strange thing is that the bottom of the pool is "all stone", and the stones exposed in the pool are all in such strange postures, "they are dikes, islets, and kansas." "As a rock", coupled with the coverage of ancient trees and green vines, the panoramic view of Xiaoshitan is full of tranquility, as if it is not a small world on earth, but a piece of pure land in the legendary Buddhist kingdom. Then, the tip of the pen turns, from stillness to movement, to the small fish in the pond. This is the best part of this article. The fish in this pond are also extremely weird: firstly, there are countless fish, with about "hundred heads"; secondly, their "shadows are spread on the rocks", and their expressions are "still and still". This is a continuation of stillness, which not only highlights the tranquility of the small stone pool, but also outlines the clarity of the water in the small stone pool. This turned into writing.

In fact, the foreshadowing has already been made when writing about tranquility. The fish in the water cannot stay still. The stillness of the fish is just like the freeze frame in the movie is just a display of a certain moment. After this freeze-frame, we can see that the fish in the pond "disappear far away, coming and going, seeming to be enjoying themselves with the tourists." Fish is so humane, which touched the author's feelings. Here, the word "乐" is worth noting. Due to the setback of the reform, the author was demoted to a distant place. His mental burden was heavy and he was in extreme trouble and depression. Why can we be "happy"? It's because I left the troubled officialdom, a place of right and wrong, and found such a quiet place here. Seeing the fish swimming in contentment, my soul was purified and restored. The clarity of the water and the joy of the fish finally brought a moment of joy to this broken-hearted essayist. Quiet Kagura is the main theme of the first half of this essay. The reality is grim. In this environment "surrounded by bamboo trees, lonely and desolate, desolate and melancholy," the author felt that "the environment is too pure to live in for a long time." After all, happiness is temporary, while sadness is eternal. Facing this primitive scene of melancholy may make the author feel more uncomfortable, or may arouse the author's desolate associations, thus forming a substantial decline in emotion from "joyful" to "sad". The symptoms of this landslide are also immediate. I feel that this place cannot be stayed for a long time and I leave quickly. I feel desolate, cold and creepy. This prose has always been praised as a masterpiece. The reason why it can become a masterpiece can be summarized as follows: first, the author dares to choose the nameless small stone pool among the piles of rocks as the object of travel notes, which shows that the author has extraordinary artistic courage; second, the author is writing about the scenery of the small stone pool. He is able to freely integrate his own feelings at all times, and the scenery changes with the mood, naturally forming a sad artistic realm. This is a manifestation of the author's superb artistic wisdom and artistic skills. Admittedly, in the final analysis, there is still one thing. For a person like the author, he happened to encounter such a piece of pure land, hit it off and became one. It was really a blessing from God and a blessing from the scenery. When watching fish in "Little Rock Pond", it is written that the fish "seem to enjoy themselves with the tourists", which also reflects the author's joyful feelings when he first appreciates the beautiful scenery. After watching the fish, sitting on the pool, I felt that the scenery was "desolate and chilling, quiet and profound", which is also a reflection of the author's depression and sadness. The article reads "Happiness". Hearing the sound of running water "like a ring" makes him "happy"; seeing the fish "coming and going" makes him feel "like enjoying himself with the swimmers". But the good times did not last long, and soon I felt these "green trees and green vines" and "cold bones", and felt in my heart that "the environment was too pure", so I left in a hurry. The joy and sorrow are thought-provoking. This is because Liu Zongyuan participated in the reform, failed and was demoted, and he was very angry. Therefore, misery was the keynote of his emotions, and he devoted himself to landscapes to get rid of this depressed mood; but this kind of "joy" is temporary after all. Triggered by the desolate environment, sadness and desolate mood will be revealed.