What is the origin of Tibetans?

"Qiang" is the male shepherd, and "Jiang" is the female shepherd. Both Yandi and Huangdi are sons of Shaodian, and Yandi's surname is Jiang, which shows that both Yan and Huang came from the clan system of Qiang since ancient times. Legend has it that Emperor Yan moved eastward and developed primitive agriculture, and the Yellow Emperor followed suit and entered the Central Plains. Finally, the two merged to become the ancestors of Huaxia nationality.

It can be seen that Huaxia nationality originated from the ancient Qiang nationality, and it is a part of the Qiang people who took the lead in developing agriculture, while the other Qiang tribes stayed in their original places, still not bidding farewell to the backward animal husbandry era. Over time, the Qiang people who moved eastward claimed to be "Huaxia" (meaning "people from Huaxu country"), but kept the legends of Hua Xu and Kunlun, but forgot that Huaxu country was in the west and their western Qiang brothers, calling it "Xirong" (that is, the soldiers who invaded China from the west)-although the name "Rong" prevailed in the Zhou Dynasty, it was probably the earliest Yin Shang Dynasty.

At this time, Xia and Qiang had not yet formed a very strict national boundary. Ancient legends and historical materials recorded that Xia and Qiang had very close contact and frequent contact. Even many tribes and clans in Huaxia Tribe Group were Qiang people themselves, and even many Qiang tribes were integrated into Xia tribe in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Another situation was that Xia people who had been mixed with Qiang people for many years returned to the Central Plains, such as Jizhou Tribe.

from the archaeological point of view, the ancient Qiang people created Yangshao culture, when Xia Qiang culture was still integrated, but Dawenkou culture in the east, Hongshan Culture culture in the north and Liangzhu culture in the south did not belong to this system.

The subsequent history is the process in which the emerging Chinese tribes and the two leagues pushed their cultures in all directions. The cultures in all places were replaced by Longshan culture (which absorbed the black pottery craft of Dongyi Dawenkou culture) based on Yangshao culture, which is also a portrayal of the expansion of Huaxia people in all directions.

The first enemy of Huaxia expansion was the ancient Miao people, represented by Chiyou. Legend has it that the Miao people were a branch of the Yellow Emperor tribe, and they lived in the southern forest for a long time and were forgotten by the Yellow Emperor. Therefore, they opposed the Yellow Emperor. After the defeat, some Miao people merged into the Xia people, and some fled to the south, that is, the Miao and Yao people of today's Miao and Yao language families also originated from the ancient Qiang people.

Then the Huaxia Tribal Alliance defeated the Yi people eastward. It is generally believed that the Yi people with birds as their totem are Manchu-Tungusic people of Altai language family. I don't think so, because the Dawenkou culture of the Yi people has many similarities with the Yangshao culture of the Qiang people, that is, the Liangzhu culture of Baiyue. It may be a culture developed by a Yue people who went north very early. Later, it was greatly influenced by the Yangshao culture of the Qiang people and the Tungusic Hongshan Culture, and further crossed the sea to the north.

The so-called "Yi" means "Ping" (or "from the big bow"), which is not discriminatory. This is because the Qiang people based on Yangshao culture are also greatly influenced by the Dawenkou culture of Dongyi, and finally the two are merged into Longshan culture. At a very early time, many Yi tribes also joined the Huaxia Tribal Alliance. After the Han Dynasty, the Yi people completely died. Today's Jianghuai Mandarin and Jiaoliao Mandarin are probably the fusion of ancient Yi and Huaxia languages.

It should be pointed out that at the same time when Yanhuang moved eastward, another Qiang people went south to Sichuan, a land of abundance. The latest academic achievements in recent years have proved that the ancient Shu people were Qiang people who originated in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and they created Sanxingdui civilization.

The Qiang people who stayed in the birthplace of Han and Tibetan people later entered southern Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Some small countries in the western regions were built by the Qiang people in the Han Dynasty. The Qiang people in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau formed themselves as "Bo people", and some of them formed Tubo people, the ancestors of today's Tibetans. Some Tubo people went south to form today's Burmese people, while others directly went south to form Bai, Yi and Naxi ethnic groups.

As for the Zhuang-Dong ethnic group of Sino-Tibetan language family, it is very different from other Han-Tibetans, even greater than the genetic difference between Han people and Altai people. Bai Paul even thought that Zhuang Dong language (Dong Tai language) should belong to austronesian family (Malay-Polynesian language family) simply from the language aspect. In fact, he also made a mistake-later scholars found that Dong Tai language, Sino-Tibetan language and Austronesian language are all homologous languages, and there are many words with the same meaning, but Austronesian language is a disyllabic language, while Sino-Tibetan-Dong Tai language is a monosyllabic language.

The recent genetic research results show that all East Asians originated in Africa and spread in all directions after moving to Indo-China Peninsula in Southeast Asia, forming five branches: Zhuqiang (except Sino-Tibetan, Zhuang-Dong language family), Beidi (Altai), Baiyue (Zhuang-Dong), Baipu (South Asia) and Haiyi (South Island/Malay-Polynesia). Among them, the Qiang people (Han Tibetans) moved to Gansu and Qinghai, forming an early national identity, and the myths of Hua Xu, Fuxi, Nuwa and Kunlun, and then divided into three branches: Han (Huaxia), Miao Yao (Sanmiao) and Tibetan Burma (Xirong).