Su Shi's official career and his poems (1)

(The material of this article comes from the new biography of Su Dongpo. The data should be arranged correctly for future reference. )

When Su Shi became an official for the first time, he went to Fengxiang to be a book signing judge. When he was separated from his younger brother, Su Shi couldn't stop crying. He immediately wrote a poem and gave it to Su Zhe:

If you don't drink Hu, you will get drunk, and this heart has returned to the saddle.

Today, when I return to my hometown and miss the imperial court, how can I relieve my loneliness?

Looking back at the slope, I saw that the black hat came out and disappeared.

I am bitter and cold, my clothes are thin, and I am riding a thin horse alone.

Passers-by sing songs to make people happy, and children complain that I am sad.

I also know that life is different, but I'm afraid of the passage of time.

A cold lamp recalls the past, and when it rains at night, it listens to the bleak.

You know what this means, don't forget it. Be careful not to love high officials and high officials.

If you go to Fengxiang to be an official, you have to go with Ma Meng.

One day, Su Shi went to find Ma Mengde, who was not at home. Su Shi grabbed a pen and wrote one of Du Fu's three poems on the wall of his study. That poem is based on the bright and beautiful judgment, which will rot with a hundred herbs in the wind and rain, and is used to describe the fate of literati. The most touching chapter is:

A hundred flowers rot in the rain, and the next step is bright colors.

The leaves are covered with branches and feathers, and countless money is spent.

The cool breeze blows you in a hurry, fearing that you will find it difficult to be independent in the future.

The scholar's head in the class is blank, and the breeze smells sweet tears.

The author has no intention, but the reader has a heart. Ma Meng must read it. He is determined not to be a scholar on the bench all his life. He would rather be a staff member from Su Shi to Fengxiang House.

During his stay in Fengxiang, Su Shi took advantage of the New Year's holiday to travel around the mountains, visit ancient times, read paintings and write poems, which was his interest.

Fortunately, Mrs. Wang is virtuous and makes him really love each other; Although far away from my brother, I can still communicate with him. "Poetry into ten days, who said thousands of miles apart. Send an article in January, there is nothing to worry about. "

Su Shi's Er Yun was sent by Xin Chou except Sun.

It's not a pity that Bo Guan drives me to the west.

If you worry about the future, you will stay away.

Although Qiang Huan has wine, there is no table for cold drinks.

Qin only cooks mutton soup, and there is bear wax in the dragon

Thinking that you are a child is a thing of the past.

What is the past of today? Suddenly, if the arrow has been released.

I feel that the event is not worth the loss.

The government pawn came to drive away the Nuo, which surprised the guests who came from afar.

There is no magic when you are worried, and there is no magic when you are worried.

Cold plum frozen apricot, tender calyx as early as wheat.

Climbing the fence is melancholy, when the jade core will fold.

Don't worry about spring and summer, abandon the summer core.

Eat, drink, and enjoy your fame.

Hu Weiwei is very touched, but no cream.

Poetry is bitter and wide, and the meaning of the child can be shot far.

Even if I saw his face, the suspect was right in front of me.

Although my brother is a small official today, I am lucky to be able to help Fang Bo.

The north pool is near, and there is green water inside.

Drinking in Linchi can still last forever.

But the fear of poetry is weak, and fighting health is embarrassing.

The poem arrived on the 10th, who said it was thousands of miles apart?

Send one once a month, there is nothing to worry about.

In March, due to the long drought, Su Shi prayed for rain to clear the palace on Taibai Mountain. A few days later, although it rained lightly, the people felt that it was not enough. So, on the way back, they saw clouds floating from the mountain, such as Ma Benteng on the left and right of the car seat. Sushi was curious and wrote Cloud.

Soon, it began to rain cats and dogs, people jumped and cheered, and the withered wheat was full of vitality. Su Shi took Beiting as his favorite place for rain and wrote The Story of Rain Pavilion.

On the Double Ninth Festival, he didn't want to attend the "government meeting" where officials gathered. He went to Fumen Temple outside the East Gate to play alone, missing his hometown and feeling depressed. For the poem "Non-Yin worships Nine without meeting in advance, traveling alone in the Temple of the Demon, and walking with a child":

When the flowers bloom and the wine is beautiful, look at Nanshan again.

I remember my brother's tears like clouds, missing his hometown and flying south with geese.

Next year, a healthy person should be old, but yesterday's pursuit of happiness was just the opposite.

Mo Wen autumn wind blows the hat, Qin people don't laugh at Chu people.

On September 20th, Brother Huaizi wrote two poems in the light snow.

Song dynasty? Su Shi

Qiyang has a light snow in September and has been depressed for many years.

Send the cold anvil in a short time, and the cold official can't do anything.

Parting from sorrow can dispel wine, and Qiu Lai, with white hair, has become a hairpin.

Recently, I bought mink and fur, but I was so embarrassed that I suddenly thought of asking Chen Xi.

The river is full of the poem "Together", and Zheng is crying.

If you fail to serve your country, you will be afraid of friends and friends.

The official residence is shocked by autumn, and the temple building climbs when it sees snow.

I know from a distance that under the east window of Reading Easy, horses and chariots will knock at the door.

Su Zhe didn't want to go to Shangzhou, so Su Shi wrote poems to comfort him:

Trilogy of Wenzi's illness and not going to Shangzhou

I heard that you were exempted from official business during your illness. When will you travel more?

Don't know that your rank is good, and you will feel old when you are homesick.

Writing books and spare time is a good idea, but it's no use going to your hometown.

Only the king's city is the most secluded, and ten thousand people are hidden like the sea.

Zhang Ziwen, who is nearby, said that the businessman's pain hopes you can come.

The lobbyist has a sense of shame and is straightforward. Ji Weng has been tireless for ordinary talents for a long time.

Yi Yin can only take a common first name and surname, and there is no reason to distinguish between neck and cheek.

The answer is not suitable for this, and it is useless to ask for exemption.

I'm sorry, Zhang Zi.

) I didn't expect to resign, who knows, dare to complain about the Qing Dynasty.

Pay a glass of wine when everything goes well, and Ran Ran will be frost.

Ce once hated you, but Yi forgot to worry about your family and teachers.

In addition, knowing each other is more important, and dreams and souls are mixed together.

From autumn to winter, Su Shi has been in poor health. 1 1 month, it snowed heavily for several days, and he couldn't get up at all. Around the year before last, he missed his hometown and wrote poems such as Hello Year, Farewell Year, Keeping Year, Walking with My Son, and Silkworm Market.

In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), in March, Emperor Injong collapsed in Funing Hall, and on April 1st, Crown Prince Zhao Shu ascended the throne, becoming the Emperor Yingzong. Yingzong was weak and sick when he was young. Empress Dowager Cao Shi was granted the right to handle state affairs.

Chen Xianliang came to Fengxiang as a satrap. Sushi is embarrassing because he was called "Su Xianliang" by an official and actually hit that official.

Chen Xianliang also rudely smeared and deleted the official duties written by Su Shi, which is even more unbearable for Su Shi who is conceited by his articles.

Chen Xiliang is very bureaucratic. When colleagues meet, they all wait in the guest room, but they don't come out to meet them for a long time. Some even doze off in the guest room. Su Shi was unhappy and wrote a poem "Sleeping in the Guest Room", satirizing him:

I can't go in, but I sit like a dead plant.

Is it only the Lord who forgot the guest, but today he forgot me?

Colleagues are not sensible, and they are sad to see beards.

Although life is carefree, I have to endure it for a moment.

The friction between two people caused a deep prejudice. Chen Xiliang actually seized Su Shi's minor fault and impeached him. The court ordered a fine of eight catties of copper. It was a long time before Su Shi realized that Chen Xiliang wanted him to accumulate wealth, so as not to spoil the broth because he was young and frivolous.

In the first month of the second year of Zhiping (1065), Su Shi returned to Beijing to reunite with his father and brother. By decree, he was sent to smell the drum tower courtyard.

Su Shi's poem "Night Pavilion Like Wang Minfu" was quite rich for a time:

Peng Ying Palace Que is separated from the Egyptian atmosphere, and it seems that you can still hear the fragrance of Emperor Lotte.

The tile is cold and bright, the moon is lying, and the building is sunny and misty.

* * * Who talks about the present, only luxury (book collection).

There is no realm in the great seclusion, and the apes and cranes in Beishan move the text.

On May 28th, Su Shi suddenly suffered the pain of losing his wife. Mrs. Wang is only twenty-seven years old and has only one son, who is not yet seven years old. Their married life is only ten years, and during these ten years, it was a difficult period for her husband to go out for fame, his family was broken, and his separation was impermanent.

Su Shi wrote "Epitaph of Wang's Dead Wife" and said, "You can learn from his dead wife, but I can't. Alas! Yu Yong has nothing to rely on. Although you don't, you do. You are a woman. What are the disadvantages?

Ten years later, Su Shi dreamed of Wang Fu and wrote "Jiangchengzi":

Ten years of life and death are two boundless. Never think, never forget. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty.

When night came, my dream suddenly came home. Xiao Xuan window, get dressed. Care for each other without words, only tears thousands of lines are expected to break the heart, and the moon and night are short and loose.

Eleven months after his wife's death, in April of the third year of Zhiping (1066), his father suddenly fell ill again and died on 25th at the age of 58.

Su Zhe went back to his hometown to settle his father, and his father Cai Bao planted a plum tree in his hometown in Shaxian County, saying that when the plum tree grew up, he hoped to see him come back.

But 22 years after Su Shi's death, he is still in Hangzhou and can't go home. The poem "Send Cai" is infinitely disappointing;

When my old friend sent me to the East, he planted pears in his hand and waited for me to come back.

Lizi has turned pale, and she is still a guest in Jiangnan.

Jiangnan is full of spring water, and the heartbroken West Lake is full of spring boats.

Want to see binjiang road in Tsing Yi, white fish and purple bamboo shoots don't care about money.

Frost beard three old people are like frost, so old friends are scattered. Who is here today?

Mo asked, but sent Ma Gu to climb back.

In the first month of the fourth year of Zhiping, Zongshen officially acceded to the throne.

Zong Shen was dissatisfied with the conservative political style and the mature old ministers at that time. Hearing An Shi's new theory of changing customs and traditions legislation won my heart and was very suitable. This kind of situation is very similar to Shang Yang in Qin Xiaogong and Kong Mingguan in Liu Bei, and the monarch and his subjects meet like a duck to water.

From then on, Zongshen only listened to Wang Anshi.

Wang Anshi was appointed as the ruler by Song Shenzong. In the suggestion, Cheng first challenged Wang Anshi and wrote to impeach Wang Anshi. At that time, Sima Guang also said to him: "Many people like people, so how can we talk about it?" Lu Hui said: "An Shi is sometimes famous, but he is fond of prejudice, credulous and treacherous, self-satisfied, and will defeat the country."

As a result, after Wang Anshi came to power, he was really opinionated, pushing public opinion and vigorously promoting the new political reform policy. It stands to reason that Wang Anshi's political reform is an innovative measure to meet the requirements of the times. The problem is to rush it. Wang Anshi's biggest mistake began with his character.

Personnel assistance is very important for such an important event as the implementation of the new law, but he is willful and does not hesitate to sacrifice his good relationship. For example, Ouyang Xiu and Fu Bi are all trying to rally around his predecessors, Sima Guang is a good friend of his peers, and Cheng Hao and Su Zhe are all involved in his affairs, but he gives up easily.

The failure lies in "using non-human". The gentleman didn't want to cooperate with him, so the villain took advantage of it. People say that Wang Anshi is a kind and gentle person. "The law is not bad, and the official is not human." The failure of Xining political reform is the biggest crux.

Wang Anshi's political reform was openly opposed by Zhang, Fan Zhen, and Sima Guang. Su Shi also disagreed.

Because Su Shi holds a conservative attitude towards learning, based on traditional Confucianism, his political thought takes "human nature is good" as the starting point, and holds that morality is the foundation of human nature and politics is only for correction, so morality and politics must complement each other to become rules.

Su Shi once wrote a letter to Zongshen, giving the political reform a big hat of moral customs:

The survival of a country is the depth of morality, not the strength; The reason why calendars are long and short lies in the thickness of customs, regardless of wealth.

Morality is sincere, and customs are sincere. Although poor and weak, it does no harm to long-term existence. Shallow morality, thin customs, although rich and powerful, can't be saved.

Added:

Those who are rich are also beneficial to people and ministers, not to the country. People who save money to raise money are the blessing of the country, not the blessing of non-human ministers. Why is there still a long way to go? People are the foundation of the country, and punishment is the thief of the people. If you want to make profits to accumulate wealth, you must first punish the people and steal the people, and the country will shake. As for the minister who benefits, reward him first.

Point the finger at Wang Anshi who advocates political reform.

Su Shi's attack on Legalists was even more fierce. He wrote "Song of Drum" in Fengxiang, and the first clue appeared. In one passage, "Shang Yang was used by Qin", and he even said: "Shang Yang ruled Qin with cruelty, and Sang Hongyang assisted the Han Dynasty with financial management. His two sons both practiced the technique of" breaking the national religion ". Although later generations praised it, they regarded it as a gentleman's act. The second son's name is' maggot, fly, dung', the words are dirty, and the books are dirty and simple. "

Because Su Shi moved around and made angry remarks, Wang Anshi believed that the opposition was provoked by Su Shi. In Wang Anshi's eyes, Su Shi is an abominable lobbyist and the behind-the-scenes brain trust of opposition leader Sima Guang.

Therefore, Zongshen intended to use Su Shi, but when discussing with Wang Anshi, he was denied by Wang Anshi. It can be said that Su Shi is famous for his articles, but also ruined by them!

Zhang spoke highly of the harmfulness of the new law, and could not bear to see such a court and tried to release it. God tried every means to keep him, but Fang Ping was determined to leave, so he went to work in Chen Zhou. When bidding farewell to Zongshen, Zongshen also asked, "Can you stay a little longer?" Right: "Just leave."

Fang Ping appointed Su Zhe as a Chen Zhou scholar. In February, Su Zhe also left Beijing, and Su Shi was even more lonely. After that, I wrote the poem "The Second Day Rhymes Send to Chenzhou":

Three years in seclusion, Shanshan?

I'd better pay attention as soon as possible, which may be a long meaning.

Looking for dreams behind closed doors, no one can say how worried.

Also sent to other places, double tears sent to Zhou Nan.

Su Shi is the most unbearable person. In the face of such political affairs, he is full of disappointment, but he has nowhere to tell, and he often misses the ancestral graves in his hometown. I don't know when he will realize his dream of returning home.

Qian Zao, whose word is mellow and old, is a descendant of Wang Qian Wusu of Hangzhou. He is a simple and honest man and is called an elder. He managed Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang) with a secret pavilion. Su Shi envied him for getting what he wanted and avoided this chaotic and noisy capital. On the one hand, it is a pity that such a person with excellent academic performance is not around the son of heaven and has gone far away. I'm afraid it's inevitable that a state governor will take whipping people as his full-time job tomorrow. The poem says:

I do what I want, but I hate the residents' feelings.

I am eager for wisdom. I sit in your English every day.

Gold attracts Le Yi and Bai Bi gives it to Qing Yu.

Self-mockery, Chen Yi empty eventful.

In ancient times, it was called county music, but later it gradually became annoying to knock.

I dare to go, and I'm still surprised when I wake up.

Liu Ban and Su Shi have close contacts and are very friendly. He wrote to persuade Wang Anshi to stop political reform. In history, the gathering of Huangfu and Pei Yanling, the political reform of Shang Yang and Zhang Tang, no one came to a good end. An Shi was furious and denounced Taizhou (now Taizhou, Jiangsu Province) as a general. When Su Shi sent poems, he advised him to talk less and drink more:

"Send Liu Fen to pay tribute to Hailing"

Don't hang up until you see Ruan Sizong, and don't boast that your tongue is between your teeth, but you can drink.

You don't have to read more books, you don't have to write poems, you get drunk at the seaside every day, and your dreams can't reach Penglai Palace.

Autumn wind entered the courtyard tree last night, and I walked in front of the old gentleman.

You go first. When will you be back?

Liu Lang should be white-haired, but peach blossoms can't bloom.

This poem, obviously a protest and condemnation speech, was read by the public at that time. After Su Shi and Liu Ban met again in Yangzhou, they wrote another poem:

The three roommates of Guangling Society still invited Liu Gongfu with rhyme.

Song sushi

Last year, seeing Liu Lang off, drunken words have shocked the public. Now that we are drifting, who can do it?

My life is not in the sky, and I may not win. Poetry talks about meaning, but the boss has no intention of sarcasm.

When Confucius was a teenager, his eloquence was lighter than tribute. I hurt my bow when I came, and my wings hurt before I finished watching them.

Drinking in Guangling for three days is relatively like a dream. Master Kuang Fengxian, the liquor is poured on the urn.

Zhu Xi has waved, and the bowl has been sent repeatedly. Envy my son for leisure, our country is clamoring.

What Su Shi didn't expect was that these poems were a curse.

A few years ago, a judicial case caused controversy in the court. Xu Zun (Middle Earth), the magistrate of Dengzhou, played a case. Ayun, a woman in Dengzhou, injured her husband. Because she later surrendered herself voluntarily and asked for exemption from punishment.

Wang Anshi was a bachelor of Hanlin at that time, and the emperor ordered him to consult with Sima Guang. Wang Anshi thinks that Xu Zun is right, but Sima Guang disagrees. He thinks that it is unethical for a wife to hurt her husband and cannot be given a lighter punishment. Fu Bi and Ceng Gongliang, then prime ministers, agreed with Sima Guang. Qi Hui, Wang Shiyuan and Cai, officials of the trial court of Dali Temple, also supported Sima Guang from the standpoint of law.

After a few days' delay, Wang Anshi became prime minister and urged to close the case. So he let the woman go. All those who opposed Wang Anshi were implicated. The officials of Dali Temple in the criminal court, Qi Hui, Shiyuan Wang and Cai, were all demoted, and Cai knew Rao Zhou.

Su Shi has always made friends with the strong Cai and wrote poems to bid farewell:

Send Cai to know Raozhou

Song dynasty? Su Shi

I think it's okay for Cai Zi to swim with others and smile.

Usually, I am charming and unpretentious, but I am too pedantic.

Everyone is afraid of the pit before the cross, and no one will pack the golden ball.

I am surprised at the speed of change. I used to be strong, and I am quite strong today.

It's a pity that you stick to Ting Wei's law alone, but you manage Poyang Lake in your twilight years.

Don't chase cattle with horses, you must be fierce if you want to try jade well.

The world is really a dream and life is not long.

Knowing that you have a yin gong in prison, the old man will reward Wei in the future.

Ceng Gong (Zigu), the great disciple of Ouyang Xiu School, was also exiled to Yuezhou. Back then, Wang Anshi was unknown, and Ceng Gong recommended him to associate with Ouyang Xiu, and with the help of Ouyang Xiu, he was promoted step by step.

Ouyang Xiu has always been eager for talents and has always strongly recommended new people. Because of the large number of disciples, the fish are mixed.

For example, Jiang falsely accused the teacher of fornication at home, which made him suffer a great mental blow and asked for a foreign county. He is in poor health and haggard.

For another example, Lv Huiqing, who now befriends Wang Anshi and enjoys a good popularity in the New Deal, was also recommended by Ouyang Xiu to befriend Su Shi.

Su Shi had mixed feelings about all these things, so he threw them at the pen:

The more you send Ceng Zi, the more you get.

Song sushi

It is hard to be noble when you are drunk. Ceng Zi is unique in anecdotes, simple and ignorant.

I used to come to the south to associate with Weng. Weng is haggard now, and it is appropriate for his son to go.

Jia Yi is poor and comfortable, happy and old. That's because the river is beautiful and I hate the sky.

But the bitter world talks about customs, and it is like a cicada. Live a quiet life and raise this jellyfish.

At that time, in the imperial court, Su Shi had the most contact and was known as the "pen with answers". Wen and Ke have a sincere personality. On one occasion, when discussing the imperial clan attack, he insisted on acting according to the ceremony. As a result, he was demoted, so he invited him back to China and became Lingzhou in Shu. Su Shi wrote a poem to see him off:

Issue a document and go out to Shouling Mansion.

On the wall, Mo Jun doesn't know this language, but seeing it can still dispel a hundred worries. And people like my friends, like kings, are arrogant.

How many poems the Qing Dynasty wrote, how many things Zhuang Zhou pursued. It's not heavy when you send it away. Who can accept your hair loss?

The riverside mountains are red, and Lingyang is at the head of Qian Shan. You know you shouldn't embrace evil, so you can send Mo Jun to dispel my worries.

After Wen and Ke left, Su Shi missed the quietness of Wen Tong, and "Zhao Yi Ping Ti" said:

As far as I can, poetry is in my mouth and bamboo is in my hand. It's too early to come to the capital. Please go back to your hometown. Poetry and bamboo are both western. Not seeing each other for a day is thought-provoking. Its face is severe and cold, which can make it quiet and dangerous, heavy and contemptuous. Today, thousands of miles apart, its poems can be found, its bamboo can be sought, and its quiet and thick people can't cause it, so I sigh when I see bamboo.

After Su Shi became the official of Kaifeng, he acted quickly and made shrewd decisions, and gained a good reputation when he was in office. In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), in the first month, the palace sent envoys to Kaifeng to buy more than 4,000 lanterns made in Zhejiang. Buy from the people at a price lower than the market price, and order the people not to buy or sell privately.

Su Shi couldn't help but not talk, and wrote in "Suggestions on Buying Zhejiang Lamps":

..... When I first heard about it, I was surprised and didn't believe it. What is that? I feel sorry for your majesty's move. ..... Those who sell lamps are not wealthy households, and they can borrow money to make a fortune and save it for a long time. Food and clothing, hope this ten-day day. Your majesty is the parent of the people, but you can buy it at a higher price. How can we lower the price and pay cheaply? It's small, but it's huge. ...

When this happened, Zongshen listened to the advice and immediately ordered him to buy Zhejiang lanterns.

When Su Shi heard that buying lanterns had stopped, he was surprised and looked north at the court. He was moved to tears.

With his cleverness, it is impossible not to know how many people this letter will offend. So maybe he doesn't care. He cares about the Lebanese people.

So, in February of the fourth year of Xining (107 1), Su Shi wrote the Book of the God Emperor, which was more than 3,400 words long. Slightly said:

I only said three words. May your majesty have kindness, good customs and good discipline.

This article is eloquent and denounces Wang Anshi's political reform. And point to God's responsibility:

Since ancient times, the survival of the country has been pinned on four kinds of people: one is the people, the other is the army, the third is the officials, and the fourth is the scholars. Losing the hearts of these four kinds of people is enough to change, and now your majesty has committed both.

In that case, in those days, beheading was culpable of punishment, and Su Shi's persistence and tolerance for the gods could be inferred.

As early as when Su Shi first entered Jinshi, Ouyang Xiu introduced his favorite pupil, Chao Duanyan, and often advised him to be cautious, but Su Shi said, "I can't bear to do things, but I have something on my mind. If there are flies in my food, I have to vomit. "