What are the table manners?

The culture on the dining table is commonly known as "drinking culture". In old Beijing, under the influence of society, economy, habits and environment, different families have formed their own dining table culture. Many families have "family banquet", "guest banquet" and "informal banquet" in the way of dining-family banquet refers to the banquet set by families for their own festivals and various festive activities; A guest banquet is a banquet for relatives and friends; It's common to have a common meal. All kinds of etiquette at the dinner table in old Beijing are very particular, which gradually reflects the values of old Beijing in the long years, and consciously or unconsciously constructs a dinner table culture with "courtesy", "filial piety", "virtue" and "teaching" as its contents. "Li" refers to the etiquette and etiquette of drinking. It reflects the etiquette, ceremony and personal courtesy requirements formed by family moral concepts and customs. Family banquets and informal banquets should be based on "long" (parents and elders), and guest banquets should be based on "guests". So many rules have been formed to bind family members, especially children. There are formal ceremonies and waiting ceremonies. Formal ceremony refers to the ceremony embodied in the form and atmosphere of etiquette, such as the choice of banquet place, the grade of etiquette, the creation of environment, the preparation of utensils, etc., all of which should reflect a kind of respect for guests. Ceremony refers to the etiquette of entertaining and serving guests. For example, the seating arrangement of banquets is based on the principle of seniority, respect from teachers and respect from afar, that is, the seating is arranged according to seniority, the tutor is given priority, the relatives and friends from afar are given priority, and the relatives and friends from poor families are given special care. The host should spend more time communicating with them, toast more and consciously introduce their "unique skills" to the guests. At the same time, the housekeeper and servants are strictly required not to treat these people ill. Although every banquet depends on the identity of the guests and the characteristics of etiquette and customs, there are differences in the choice of dishes, quality grades and restaurants, but guests must never be allowed to pick out "no" Pay attention to etiquette in the whole process of greeting, toasting, talking, dining and farewell. Before the banquet begins, the host should introduce the important guests to everyone and make a concise and enthusiastic toast; When opening a banquet, the host should personally pour the wine and propose a toast to the elders and guests in order, which cannot be forced; Take the initiative to pour wine for the guests who are not good at drinking and pay tribute to the guests; When providing food to guests, we should pay attention to the eating habits of guests, not many times and not much quantity, otherwise it will embarrass guests; The host should pay attention to the universality of mutual communication during the dinner, not to be hot and cold, and if there are female guests, pay more attention to the content of the conversation and respect for the female guests; The host can't put down the dishes and chopsticks in front of the guests, and can't leave the banquet before the guests say they have a good meal; The host should accompany the guest of honor, rinse his mouth and wash his hands before going to another seat for tea. When cooking in a big family, the chef is required not to have food stains around the plate when serving. When serving, he should hold the plates and bowls with both hands, and don't pick the edges of the plates and bowls with his fingers. Fill rice and soup, not too full when pouring tea, but full when pouring wine, but don't overflow; The action of pouring tea should be standardized. It is forbidden to buckle the bowl cover on the table with the teapot mouth facing the guests. Pour tea and step back before turning away; When lighting a cigarette for a guest, you should put it on a plate. Don't pass cigarettes, light a few people with matches, blow out matches with your mouth, throw away match stalks at will, sweep the floor and dust the table in front of guests, especially don't spill tea leaves on the ground. In addition, in front of the guests, the host can't reprimand the children and servants; If the host has an argument with the guest's children, the host should take his children away. No matter who is right or wrong, he should apologize to the other party, but he can't teach his children in front of the guests, otherwise the guests will feel uncomfortable. Children are generally not allowed to attend banquets. I remember when I was a child, I asked my children to be polite, polite and educated. There are three things that are not allowed: no noise and chopsticks knocking on the table, no smacking, no false respect. The second grandma said that it was disgusting to hear squeaking while eating, and it was unbearable to show humility while eating. And let the child who coughs and burps continuously take the initiative to get off the table. Don't drag chairs and stools to avoid making harsh sounds. This is the requirement of silence; Second, it is forbidden to "talk". Children are not allowed to hold food first without their elders moving chopsticks. They are not allowed to put anything in their mouths. They are not allowed to wolf down their food. They are not allowed to stand up and take food that they can't reach. They are not allowed to use chopsticks to pick and rummage things on the plate. They are not allowed to stare at the food on the table while eating. They are not allowed to point at others with chopsticks. They are not allowed to throw things they don't like, and their mouths are dirty. The most taboo is that children directly insert chopsticks into their rice bowls; Third, children are absolutely not allowed to drink. At that time, the two grandmothers liked to play with the children, play some games at the dinner table, and give a performance if they lost. After dinner, they also want to show the children whose rice bowl and desktop are the cleanest, and the warm atmosphere at the dinner is very strong. The "filial piety" family banquet pays attention to respecting the elderly and loving filial piety. When I was a child, grandma and grandma sat in the upper position. Because my third grandmother is paralyzed, she can't attend, but she should leave a place to show her position in the family. When the old woman said "Come and sit", everyone sat down in the order of ranking, and the younger children had to go to another table for dinner. Several aunts and my mother can only stand behind their families, serving food, wine, tea and towels. At every family dinner, the two grandmothers will order their favorite dishes for their daughter-in-law to reward their daily hard work, which they call reward dishes at family dinners. Grandma is kind and dignified. At the dinner table, everyone should observe the mood of the two old ladies. When you are in a bad mood, you must act according to the rules. We must toast and flatter, we must use different words, and we can't favor one over the other, so everyone is very cautious. When in a good mood, parents also talk and laugh, and lesbians often praise each other's children. Grandma will say at this time: "Everyone is just playing together. Why are you still so disciplined?" At this time, everyone will relax and the atmosphere will be harmonious and happy. Adults will also take their children to the main table to greet the elderly. My sister will please the old man and take out a few peanut beans or candy bars from her pocket and stuff them into his hand. The two parents were very happy and full of praise for their granddaughter. Second grandma is more casual. She would go to the children's table in Doby and ask them to order food and feed it to her mouth. The children are happy, too. Everyone is enjoying family happiness in a positive and harmonious atmosphere. This kind of "filial piety" is not only the respect and respect of the younger generation to the older generation, but also the care of the older generation to the younger generation. Therefore, the younger generation will respect their elders more, be more filial to the elderly, and cast a sincere filial piety in everyone's heart. "Virtue" is a kind of conduct, and family drinking requires "concession, moderation and frugality". "Let" is to ask everyone to be humble to each other, not to rush to eat delicious food, to let others eat first, even if they all eat up, there can be no resentment, to be the first; "Degree" requires eating and drinking moderately, not overeating, and not persuading people to drink too much and get drunk. "Thrift" means to be thrifty and not to waste, especially to ask children not to waste food. The two grandmothers often told the banquet not to be extravagant. After the banquet, everyone should take home the dishes that have not been touched by chopsticks or served on the table. "Teaching" means family education in drinking. Through example, I inherited the old rules and customs of my family. When having dinner with a tutor, grandma always asks several teachers to "give lectures" to her children and put forward new requirements for them according to social fashion. When I see bad phenomena, I will give them some suggestions to let the children know what to do and what not to do. Influenced by courtesy, filial piety, morality and teaching, children have developed good eating habits, and then formed a table culture that attaches importance to form, psychology, behavior and inheritance, which is also a microcosm of old Beijing culture.