What kinds of mushrooms are there? How to grow mushrooms?

Mushrooms consist of mycelium and fruiting body. Mycelium is a vegetative organ, and fruiting body is a reproductive organ.

According to Baidu Encyclopedia, there are as many as 36,000 kinds of mushrooms.

It is estimated that it will take two or three months to finish reading so many kinds of thoughts one by one, which is too long. I'm afraid you don't want to finish Bian Xiao, so Bian Xiao will tell you some common mushrooms!

1. Agaricus bisporus:

Agaricus bisporus is also called white mushroom, mushroom and mushroom. In Europe and America, it is often called common cultivated mushroom or button mushroom by producers and operators. It is a mushroom that is grown and consumed all over the world. It is called the "world mushroom" and can be sold fresh, canned and pickled. Mycelium can also be used as raw material of medicine.

2. Mushrooms:

Lentinus edodes is a fungus that grows on wood. It is also called mushroom, fragrant mushroom, shiitake mushroom and so on. It is the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus, the second largest edible fungus in the world, and also one of the specialties in China. It is called "mountain treasure" among the people.

Delicious, fragrant, nutritious, rich in vitamin B group, iron, potassium, vitamin D (converted into vitamin D after sun exposure) and so on.

3.Pleurotus ostreatus:

Pleurotus ostreatus is a very common gray edible fungus, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on. It is a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus in basidiomycetes, which is rich in nutrition, and contains 20-23g of protein per 100g of products. It is rich in amino acids and minerals, and has the effects of expelling wind and cold, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals.

Moreover, proteoglycan in Pleurotus ostreatus has a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells and can enhance the immune function of the body.

4. Flammulina velutipes:

The scientific name of Flammulina velutipes is also called Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii. Named after its slender handle resembling Flammulina velutipes, it belongs to Flammulina velutipes, which has high medicinal and dietetic effects.

Widely distributed in nature, China, Japanese, Russian, Europe, North America, Australia and other places.

It is suitable for the growth of Flammulina velutipes from Heilongjiang in the north, Yunnan in the south, Jiangsu in the east and Xinjiang in the west.

5. Straw mushroom:

Volvariella volvacea is the third largest cultivated edible fungus in the world, also known as delicious Volvariella volvacea, delicious mushroom and blue mushroom. It is named because it often grows in damp and rotten straw. It originated from Nanhua Temple in Shaoguan, Guangdong. Cultivated in China 300 years ago, it was introduced to other countries by overseas Chinese in 1930s. China is mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan Province and other places, with the characteristics of fleshy and short stalk.

After talking about these common species, let's talk about its planting techniques.

As we said before, mushrooms belong to fungi, so the cultivation methods of these different varieties of mushrooms are similar. Here, Xiao Gu first sorted out some general cultivation methods of mushrooms for your reference.

Steps:

Choose a glass container with a lid. Abandoned fish tanks, polystyrene foam containers, glass containers and even trays covered with wet newspapers can be used to cultivate mushrooms.

If there is a dark basement at home, the container doesn't need to be covered.

However, it should be noted that the place where the container is placed should have a certain temperature control ability (such as an air-conditioned room), and the container should have a certain depth, about 15 cm deep is enough.

Step two:

Unlike plants, mushrooms filled with culture medium cannot make their own nutrients through photosynthesis.

For the growth and nutrition of mushrooms, you need to make a nutrition bed to cultivate mushrooms.

The materials of the mixed bed can be purchased or made by yourself.

Cottonseed hulls, corncob, sawdust, grass powder, lotus seed skin, etc. They are all good nutritious bed materials.

Note that sprinkling a small amount of lime in the substrate is very helpful for the growth of mushrooms, and pay attention to disinfection to prevent pollution.

Step 3:

Spores used to grow mushrooms Spores of mushrooms are like seeds of plants, which can be planted to a depth of about 5 cm in the substrate.

Of course, mushroom spores can be sprinkled first, and then mixed fertilizer can be piled on it.

Step 4:

Keep room temperature and wait for the mycelium to germinate. The room temperature is about 2 1 celsius. The temperature can be adjusted in an air-conditioned room or under direct sunlight.

It takes about 3 weeks, and you will see fine cobweb-like white hyphae on the culture medium.

At this time, it is necessary to lower the room temperature to 16 degrees Celsius and cover it with 2~3 cm of potted soil.

Step five:

Spraying the soil surface to keep it slightly wet is necessary for mushroom growth. You should often spray the soil surface to keep it moist.

Especially in some dry places.

You can also cover it with a wet cloth and spray it frequently to keep it moist.

Step 6:

Keep the soil moisture and temperature for 3-4 weeks. In the meantime, you should be careful not to be polluted by other poisonous fungi or viruses.

If there are some black spots on the culture medium or the mushrooms grow out and look very wet and sticky, you should re-cultivate them.

Step 7:

The time for harvesting and picking mushrooms is very important. Only when the mushroom cover is not completely opened or it is not broken and withered after opening, it is a mushroom with good taste and just right maturity.

Be careful not to drag the mushrooms out of the base, which will soften the substrate, affect the growth of other mushrooms and hurt the young mushrooms.

Unscrew them near the bottom or cut them off with a knife.