What happened to the abducted women in the Republic of China?

Judging from the motives of men abducting and selling women in the Republic of China, except for a few abducted people who were out of goodwill and wanted to help women out of their misery, or men and women fled privately because of adultery, this is also the reason why these two charges are strictly classified as "economic crimes". For women who are seduced, most of them are "sold as prostitutes, handmaids or sold to theatrical troupes to learn drama, while others are married and sold to others as wives." The author briefly describes some historical materials as follows:

Being sold as a prostitute is the most common ending for these women. Beiyang official newspaper recorded such a case:

Many trafficked women are sold to the northeast. Yan elaborated on this: "Most of these trafficked women were sent to the Northeast for prostitution. That's because there is a vast market in the northeast, and thousands of people come from Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other places. Mostly men, unmarried bachelors. Therefore, the demand for women is high and the cost of getting a wife is high, so these foreigners have to vent their sexual desire in the original way and take the most economical way. Because of the high demand for women, abducted people think that doing such things in the northeast can get more benefits. "

In 1933, the Shandong provincial government also issued a special order:

It can be seen that the phenomenon of selling good people for prostitution in Laiwu, Shandong Province was more serious at that time.

There is such an article in Women's Review, the excerpt is as follows:

This news, roughly speaking:

13-year-old Su Xiaosan was tricked into a brothel by her family because of her poor family economic situation, hoping to "detain her as a prostitute". Fortunately, I finally got out of the fire pit. But what makes people care in this passage is that "this kind of news has been ignored because everyone thinks this kind of thing is very common in Shanghai". This shows that, first of all, trafficking cases against women were indeed very common at that time; Secondly, there are not a few women who are trafficked and sold into brothels, so that even 13-year-old girls are normal to the masses.

In addition to being sold as prostitutes, many women are also sold as handmaids, wives and concubines. At that time, in fact, some celebrities and politicians also bought their handmaids by this means. Haitao magazine once recorded the story that General Sun bought a maid, and told the story that Sun sent his men to Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou to buy a maid for him besides his wife. Although the stories in the tabloids are not true or false, the phenomenon that celebrities buy handmaids definitely exists.

Being sold as a concubine was also common at that time. There is such a short article in Women's Review magazine:

For these trafficked women, leaving the original environment did not leave the suffering as they expected, but fell into a deeper tragedy. If you are forced to lose your virginity, some people will even die. 19 13 years, several married women were abducted and raped in Xujiahui, which caused great repercussions at that time. Also in 19 13, in the case of Zheng Hai and his mother Zheng Zhanshi killing Li Juner, they killed Li Juner because they were afraid that the case would be exposed after kidnapping Li Juner.

As can be seen from the above, trafficked women, whether they have the subjective will to change their living conditions or not, have a very tragic final outcome. Of course, there are also a few women who have succeeded in getting out of their misery. For example, two 15-year-old girls in Hefei were knocked out and abducted by flower thieves on their way to school, but they survived in Nanjing by their own wisdom. But at that time, because of the emphasis on women's chastity and male dominance, even if the fugitives were severely punished, the victimized women would find it difficult to be human. And as far as the materials I have seen are concerned, in most cases, women will fall into the wolf's den.

There is a case of abducting and selling women in the Han Dynasty in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. There was a man named Huang Shang who was a small official when he was young. His wife was robbed by bandits on her way back to visit her family. She was sold to Sichuan and became the wife of others. After many years, she had children, and Huang Changguan made a fortune and rose to the prefect of Shu County. Once, her son broke the law and was punished as a mother. Huang Shang, the satrap, communicates with this woman. She feels that she has no Sichuan accent and is afraid of cheating. The woman immediately replied that I was originally from Yuyao, Huiji, and Huang Chang's wife was sold here because her relatives were robbed. Huang Chang was startled and asked, How do you identify Huang Chang? She said that Huang Shang had a mole on his left foot, and often said that he could be a 2000-stone official in the future, so he often said that he could be a big official in the future.

In ancient times, the purpose of trafficking in women was generally to sell people as wives, slaves, brothels and other purposes. Other uses here are a bit scary, such as eating, being buried with the tomb, alchemy, sacrifice and so on. The methods of abduction and trafficking generally include kidnapping, abduction, drugs, violence and so on. The abducted areas are concentrated in economically underdeveloped areas, especially in poverty-stricken and disaster-stricken areas, especially in Sichuan and Guizhou where human trafficking is rampant. In some famine years, there were even large-scale looting behaviors, such as violent robbery, killing couples, killing parents, tying children and so on. The abducted persons are first controlled by means of beating, detention and forced killing. The means are terrible and outrageous.

Criminals who abduct and sell people are called "traffickers" and have been severely punished by laws of past dynasties. All they caught were dead, but they died in different ways. According to the law of the second year of the Han Dynasty, traffickers were directly punished, that is, hanged, while the law of the Tang Dynasty was also hanged and their families were exiled. There is a problem to be distinguished. Although selling was forbidden in ancient times, people were allowed to buy and sell, and people were allowed to buy and sell voluntarily. There is also the seal of the government, which is called "selling", and the law cracks down on "looting and selling" in various ways.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, a major case of human trafficking was uncovered. During the period of Song Zhenzong, when counting the population who moved to Lingnan from Hunan and Hubei, the prison in Zhan Zhou, Guangdong Province, found that many people's sources were inconsistent with the records. After verification by many parties, a large inter-provincial robbery and trafficking case was cracked. During this period, a large number of people were trafficked, and finally more than 2,600 men and women were rescued, which was a sensation. Tell a scene of the Republic of China. In the market on the border of Lu Yu, there are often young women, wearing only underwear and vests and hanging signs. They either squat or squat, with only fear and humiliation on their faces. They were surrounded by burly men with whips and sticks. By the way, these women are clearly priced goods. Traffickers are clamoring loudly that the prostitute of Huanghua will come to buy it back as a wife. The crowd immediately gathered around, pointing and looking evil, staring at them like wolves, as if to start an epic struggle.

Trafficking in women has always existed in the history of China, but it reached its peak in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. At that time, women were trafficked everywhere, and these women were often afraid to go out. The following comments list the lives of several women who have been trafficked.

One: The worst thing is being sold abroad. Since Britain opened the door to China, China has been carved up by western powers for a long time, and they are constantly seeking benefits in China. Among them, Pig Flower is the product of this period, which lasted until the Republic of China. Pig flowers refer to trafficked women. At first, the great powers simply sold pigs, that is, men, and let these cheap laborers serve their country.

These piglets, who were sold overseas, often couldn't stand such inhuman treatment, so they fled. In order to keep them, foreign powers thought of a way to sell women from China to live with pigs, originally just to provide their country with free labor.

In the Republic of China, I didn't expect this to make overseas capitalists see another huge profit, that is, selling these women abroad as prostitutes. At that time, petite and lovely China women were sought after abroad. The outcome of these women who were sold abroad can be imagined. Faced with the abuse of foreigners, they have no chance to commit suicide.

From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, it is said that the British bought women in Guangzhou, and a woman was 40 yuan. Many people in China make a living by this, becoming their slaves and providing them with more women.

The British can get $65,438+0,000 if they sell it to the United States. It is said that there were thousands of China women in the United States at that time, and 95% of them ended up as prostitutes, humiliated and tortured, and finally committed suicide.

This may be the worst experience for women after being trafficked.

Two: being sold to factories as coolies. During the Republic of China, many factories needed labor. At this time, human trafficking has become a common practice. They call selling boys "moving stones" and selling girls "picking mulberry leaves".

Mainly from the countryside to cheat these women, when it comes to big cities, you can get everything through your own efforts and enjoy happiness. In the end, most of them are sold to factories, and factories are given to traffickers. The slightly attractive ones are sold to brothels, and these little girls are allowed to dance those so-called little dances for those in the upper class. If they don't dance well, they will be whipped, and many traffickers will make huge profits.

And these women can only keep working, and they will be beaten if they are slightly negligent.

Three: Being concubines of others In addition to the above points, these women are also sold to some remote areas and become other people's wives. They can't go out for a day and they can't escape. Those who are lucky naturally become concubines of the rich, while those who are unlucky are sold to the poor, but they are also beaten and humiliated. These women can only be wives tied by ropes all their lives and become tools for them to release their desires and reproduce.

No matter which dynasty, trafficked women rarely come to a good end. Some were trafficked to the deep forests as wives, while others were trafficked to brothels as prostitutes.

In that special period of the Republic of China, the population at that time was simply a living ocean, with warlords fighting and social unrest. Traffickers kidnap and sell children, women and young adults by hook or by crook for profiteering.

At that time, children and women had no human rights at all, and once they suffered from famine, they became commodities. Trafficked women may eventually become slaves of a family, prostitutes in brothels or even lose their lives. However, the government of the Republic of China is weak and unwilling and unable to crack down on this crime. It was not until the founding of New China that human trafficking was defined as an illegal crime!

Note: The picture comes from the Internet. One is to blackmail their family's money, and if it succeeds, let the woman go back. Women can remarry. But if you spend the night, you will get a bad reputation if you remarry. But you can still get married.

One is to sell women, usually prostitutes, and some are child brides or little wives to carry on the family line.

Being a prostitute has little future. When prostitution is not enough, you may leave the brothel to serve other young prostitutes, or beggars may live on the streets. More people will die before that day.

Being a child bride is too young to remember things clearly. She often works as a fertility machine and various jobs in her husband's family. If you meet a well-off family and have another son, his son will be a little promising and may die. Most of them were tortured by heavy physical labor or sequelae of young children, or domestic violence, and died young.

It is even more pitiful to carry on the family line. It doesn't matter whether she has children or not. Mixing well is the role of the wet nurse. More is also resold several times, which is even more tragic.

One is to sell it and engage in heavy manual labor. Probably exhausted.

In any era, trafficked people will not have a good end!

Most of the trafficked women are sold to other places. The seller deliberately does not sell locally. First, because women know the local area, it is easy to run away. Second, because it is easy to find businesses, it is also easy for the government to solve cases. If it is sold to other places, even if the government finds that local women have been trafficked, it is difficult to intervene in other places to solve the case. At that time, the administrative efficiency was extremely low, and the police in the two places could hardly achieve effective cooperation in such cases.

There are even some businessmen who sell abducted women to sites controlled by other warlords, and such cases are even more difficult to solve. This is also the key reason why this black industry is so popular that even politicians who are interested in reform are unable to do so. And women living in other places have no friends, even if they survive in troubled times, it is quite lonely and difficult.

At that time, there were a large number of prostitutes in many cities, most of whom were trafficked from other places and were important buyers of traffickers. When these sold women enter brothels, they lose their personal freedom and have to be forced to serve men. Most of the money earned did not belong to themselves, but to brothels and the most exploited groups in society at that time. Most of the women who were abducted into brothels eventually died of illness, after all, they didn't pay attention to hygiene at that time.

Others will be bought as wives, often men who are hard to find a wife in the mountains and forests. They came to the black market to buy women to complete the task of reproduction. After being sold to the countryside, women basically have to live with their buyers for life, and it is difficult to escape from the village and see their families again. If you don't listen, you may even be lynched by the villagers, which can be said to be quite cruel.

Those who are lucky will be sold to powerful people as concubines. But the premise is that it is quite beautiful, so that traffickers will recommend it to the upper level. However, if you enter this family, your status will not be too high. After all, your identity is just a concubine. But it's better than those women who are down and out in the rivers and lakes. At least they have food and clothing. But obviously this is not a good end, and it is still in the position of unrestricted exploitation.

It was not until the founding of New China that the problem of trafficking in women was gradually solved. A large number of trafficked women have been found and sent back to their hometowns, and some women trapped in brothels have also resumed their legal careers with the help of the government. The social outlook at this time is much better than that in the Republic of China.

Piglets and pigs in Huaxiang. Population trade is the product of slave society. With industrial civilization shaping the spirit of a society ruled by law, natural human rights and social contracts have become the standards of western powers. However, the development of the world is not completely balanced, and underdeveloped areas have become extra-legal places, so has semi-colonial and semi-feudal China. Among them, Shanghai is a typical representative, and the coexistence of Chinese and foreign countries has produced mixed religions. The story of the Big Three in Shanghai is well known to women and children. Their three most important businesses are brothels, casinos and opium. Among them, prostitutes in brothels come from human trafficking except some poor families who sell their daughters on their own initiative to save costs.

In the era of great navigation, the traditional inland trade city became a ghost town, and the ghost town effect made many business families go bankrupt and become poor. The poor gather together to form slums, with the Huangpu River as the boundary and half the sky as hell. Americans planned the western railway for the development of the western region. The whole journey of this railway needs a lot of manpower. Since the slave trade has been banned in the United States, American Chinese comprador has found another way to sell pigs and pig flowers in the mainland. Piglets were diverted to plantations in Nanyang or American railway stations, and pig flowers became a tool for piglets to vent their desires. For the west, the East is the capital of desire, and countries that have been to China have become evil countries. Without silk, porcelain and spices, the story is just a lonely red and black for a hundred years.

Then, what measures did the government of the Republic of China take to deal with human trafficking, and what effects did it achieve? Did this poor and weak country really lose its Millennium etiquette civilization overnight?

Article 257 of the Criminal Law of the Republic of China (1928) stipulates: "Whoever seduces or slightly seduces men and women under the age of 20 to leave their parents, guardians or protectors shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than six months but not more than five years. Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph for the purpose of making profits or induces others to commit obscenity or rape a young girl shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 65,438+0 years but not more than 7 years, and may also be fined 65,438+0,000 yuan. Those who are lured out of the territory of the Republic of China shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years. "

The newly revised Criminal Law of the Republic of China has increased the punishment for the crime of "slight seduction" from 65438 to 0935. Article 24 1 of the law stipulates: "Whoever slightly induces men and women under the age of 20 to leave their families or other people with guardianship shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than/kloc-0 and not more than 7 years. Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph for the purpose of making profits or induces him to commit obscenity or adultery shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 3 years 10 years and may also be fined not more than 1000 yuan. "

Article 242 stipulates: "Those who are lured out of the territory of the Republic of China as mentioned in the preceding two articles shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years." It can be seen that the maximum penalty in crime of trafficking in children at that time was only life imprisonment, and as long as the victims were not transported out of the country, the maximum penalty faced by traffickers was only 10 imprisonment and 1000 fine.

Xu Ganlin, who initiated the establishment of the China Women and Children Relief Society, expressed strong indignation at the light punishment in the Criminal Law of the Republic of China: "There are so many cases of trafficking, and laws and customs have great influence on them. If the country abducts bandits more cruelly than robbers, beheads their children and keeps their flesh and blood, then once the facts are revealed, they will be executed, both cold and dare. " It can be seen that the idea of advocating the death penalty for traffickers is not the first. Non-governmental organizations were an important "kidnapping" force in the Republic of China. In addition to the government, non-governmental organizations were also an important "kidnapping" force in the Republic of China.

193 1 year, the Salesian Society of China issued an announcement to encourage people to assist in "abduction": the flood was a disaster with a vast territory, and tens of thousands of victims took refuge in Shanghai, helping the elderly and taking care of the young, ignorant and profiteering traitors took the opportunity to buy the children of refugees and sell them as handmaids and concubines. Our aim is to protect children's rights and seek their happiness. We are deeply afraid that children who have not reported the disaster will be cheated and sold by bandits and fall into hell. It is widely publicized so that sympathizers can provide information for investigation, and we will closely visit the docks and railway stations of ships. If there is any suspicious behavior, we will severely question it. If there is evidence, we will send it to the court for trial. According to people's reports, the association cooperated with detectives to arrest several kidnappers and sent them to the court for thorough investigation. I hope to get sympathy. If you encounter a child trafficker, report it to our association at No.20 Museum Road, and our association will investigate it thoroughly. If necessary, the whistleblower will be kept confidential. In addition, "reporting by the masses" is also a way to rescue abducted children.

1937, Style Monthly reported that Yu Mingrui, a boy aged 0/2 in Yuanling Village, Dihai District, was abducted by his relatives to Hushan Village and then taken to other places for sale. Fortunately, the villagers found out and reported to the captain in time during the trafficking, which made the trafficker arrested and the child rescued. It took only a few days before and after, and the money was only 18 yuan. Nevertheless, among the abducted children, there are still a large number of victims who have not been rescued. It's more like a miracle to get out of trouble on your own.

1947 "Huxi" published a newsletter and reported a strange thing. The daughter of a farmer in Longhua Town, a suburb of Shanghai, was lost three years ago. After the girl was trafficked, she was beaten to pieces by traffickers and glued with dog skin to make a "dog demon" with a dog head less than 3 feet high. In order to prevent the girl from calling for help, the trafficker also cut off her tongue so that she could not speak. Three years later, the Jianghu artist who bought the girl took her to Longhua Town to perform. One day, the girl's biological father happened to come to see the performance of "Dog Demon", and the girl immediately burst into tears. When the farmer saw it, he became suspicious and brought his wife the next day. The girl wrote down her parents and her name on the ground with tears in her eyes before recognizing her parents. Later, the girl was rescued, but the physical and mental trauma was still extremely painful. The tragic experience of the girl in this case is a portrayal of many abducted children. It is a pity that, as a victim, she doesn't know geometry, but fortunately, there are only a few who can get rid of the clutches. Alas.

Kidnapping and abducting children hurts not only thousands of children and their families, but also the whole society. And to save these abducted children, it is not just the families of abducted children. The state should invest resources in legislation and law enforcement to improve its ability, and social organizations and forces also need to be mobilized and encouraged. Only by cooperating with each other and taking a two-pronged approach can we achieve "nothing happens in the world." That era of poverty and weakness is no excuse. Perfecting the rule of law and deepening moral belief is the fundamental solution. We need the whole people to devote themselves to defending human dignity and the bottom line.

The abducted women in the Republic of China had a tragic ending. It can be said that the Republic of China was the period when women had the lowest status and the most miserable fate in the history of China.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the whole land of China was in chaos, and warlords everywhere were divided. In many places, bandits are even stronger than the government. There are many reasons for this confusion. The most important point is that China at that time was not only affected by the power vacuum after the fall of the Qing government, but also because of the large-scale division of China by imperialism, the whole people in China were in dire straits.

In any turbulent era, women must be the most injured, and the Republic of China is no exception. During the Republic of China, the fate of women was tragic, and the number of women trafficked was quite amazing. The tragic fate of these women has only three endings:

It can be said that 80% of abducted women were sold into brothels as prostitutes, which was the most direct way to abduct women at that time. Due to social unrest, the lack of government jurisdiction and the extreme instability of social order, women are often trafficked everywhere, most of whom are sold to brothels.

Women who are sold into brothels have a tragic fate. They not only lost their personal freedom, but also were forced to sell their bodies to earn money for pimps in brothels, and only got a little income. During the Republic of China, buying and selling people was actually a felony. However, due to the corruption and darkness of the government, such cases of trafficking in women have basically disappeared. The most important problem lies in the extreme poverty of the people. Because the victim's family has neither money nor power, and the women in the family have to be trafficked in resignation.

Women who are sold to brothels are unwilling to live or die at first, and then let nature take its course. They eventually become numb and even resigned. The reason is that the time was so poor that even if they fled home, they might starve to death. It is better to mix food and clothing in a brothel and earn some money.

This mentality has also created many women who have been sold into brothels to give up their fate completely. When they get old, they will be ruthlessly swept out of the house by brothels and completely become social dust.

Being sold as a concubine was a fashion in the Republic of China, but rich people wanted to have several concubines, but it was still expensive to marry a few, so it was better to buy a woman directly.

Therefore, there is this industrial chain of abducting and selling women as concubines in large families. In this industrial chain, trafficked women become commodities that can be traded at will. Many of them are sold to large families as concubines, but their fate is worse than that of prostitutes.

The status of being sold as a concubine is quite low. Because there is no support from parents' background, entering the man's house is not only abused by the man at will, but also can't lift its head in front of the man's main room and children. These women often have to do heavy work during the day and wait on men at night. If a man dies young, she is also driven out of the house and turned to dust.

The biggest difference between abducting and selling women abroad in the Republic of China and other dynasties is that many women were sold abroad. This is the most tragic ending of women in China's modern history. Even if these women are sold into brothels or concubines, at least they have not left their own country and ethnic environment.

As imperialism forcibly opened its doors at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, a large amount of population trade also flooded into China, and many China women were sold to the United States, Europe and Southeast Asia. Most of these abducted women in China died in a foreign land, except for a few who could survive locally.

China women who are sold to other countries are actually considered as heavy labor. They do heavy work in the United States and Southeast Asia and suffer inhuman torture. Most of them were tortured to death alive.

Some are lucky, some are unfortunate, and their fates are different. Guo later became a singer. He is very lucky.