How should enterprises manage risks?

according to the different sources of risks, they can be divided into external risks and internal risks. \xd\ (1) External risks of enterprises, including: customer risk, competitor risk, political environmental risk, legal environmental risk, economic environmental risk, etc. \xd\ (2) Internal risks of enterprises, including product risks, marketing risks, financial risks, personnel risks, organizational and management risks, etc. \xd\ xd \ Specifically, the following measures can be taken to minimize risks: \ xd \ xd \ 1. Reduce avoidable risks \ xd \ When an enterprise finds that engaging in an activity will involve excessive risks, it can decide to reduce or abandon this activity, so as to reduce or even completely avoid risks. There are two ways to avoid risks: one is to completely refuse to take risks, and the other is to give up the original risks. However, the applicability of this method is limited. First of all, avoiding risks will make enterprises lose the benefits they can get from risks; Secondly, the method of avoiding risks is sometimes not feasible; Thirdly, avoiding one kind of risk may lead to another kind of risk, for example, an enterprise replaces air transportation with railway transportation. \xd\ xd \ 2. Diversifying risks \ xd \ Diversifying risks means that an enterprise adopts diversified management, investment and fund-raising strategies, and attracts multiple suppliers and customers to achieve the purpose of diversifying various risks of the enterprise. What people often say "Don't put all your eggs in one basket" is the principle of risk diversification. Diversification of risk is to reduce the fluctuation of risk loss by increasing the number of risk units. In this way, on the one hand, enterprises can accurately predict risk losses, on the other hand, they can reduce the funds needed to prevent insurance losses. However, in real economic life, many enterprises have adopted a variety of business strategies in the case of insufficient market demand and increasingly fierce competition. The result is not as expected at first, and more enterprises are in trouble. It should be pointed out that, although diversified business strategies have advantages, diversified business requires higher comprehensive ability of enterprises. For some enterprises in China, due to the singleness and convergence of products formed by various reasons, the conditions for diversified business are not yet available. Therefore, general enterprises should use this strategy with caution, and even if they choose this strategy, they must focus on their own advantages and combine with enterprise resource conditions. \xd\ xd \ 3. Transfer risks \ xd \ Enterprises can adopt various transfer methods for risks in advance, such as insurance or non-insurance transfer, in order to avoid the harm and disadvantage to their economic activities after taking risks. Modern insurance system is the most ideal way to transfer risks. Enterprises should enhance their insurance awareness, strengthen insurance in property and medical care, and transfer possible risk losses to insurance companies. In addition, on the basis of fully identifying and evaluating their own risks, we can transfer those larger risks to the other party through contract terms. Implement investment decisions and strive to reduce investment risks. \xd\ xd \ 4. Strengthen the cultivation of operators' own quality and improve the level of risk management \ xd \ As the saying goes, correct yourself first. Having a strong and high-quality management team means that starting a business is half the battle. Therefore, business operators should first change their concepts and pay attention to risks. First, we must realize that "it is more difficult to start a business than to keep it." Recognizing this, business operators can constantly reflect on themselves, find the gap between themselves and an excellent business operator, and make up for this gap; Only in this way can we continue to learn and make progress, always maintain an enterprising and innovative mentality and consciousness, and truly keep pace with the times; Only in this way can we constantly examine our own operation and management, so as not to make major mistakes in operation and management. Second, we must dare to constantly reflect on ourselves. Business managers should learn not to find any excuses for themselves at any time, face the facts bravely, and cultivate their courage and strategies to fight against the status quo. In the face of adversity, not blame others, but reflect on yourself. Third, don't shirk your responsibilities at any time. At any critical moment, business operators \xd\ should be responsible for their words and deeds, and also for the words and deeds of their employees and their consequences. Being faithful to one's responsibilities and duties is a necessary condition for an operator. Secondly, in the face of a large number of uncertain factors and various risks, scientific analysis and prediction are carried out to grasp the trend. \xd\ xd \ 5. Building a risk information system and strengthening communication \ xd \ Adequate information is the cornerstone of successful risk management. Small and medium-sized enterprises have shortcomings in data storage, which often become a big obstacle to risk management. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve the risk information system in order to identify risks in time, correctly evaluate risks and feed back the results. On the basis of information system, enterprises can also establish an early warning mechanism, set up an early warning index system and its value range and critical point, quickly capture the risk precursors, and remind decision makers and managers to take preventive and resolving measures in time. At the same time, strengthen the cooperation and information feedback between various departments, so that every employee must understand the relevant aspects of the risk management system, how it works, the role it plays in the internal control system, and the responsibilities and obligations it undertakes. In addition, among the subsystems of the company system, information transmission is kept smooth. Externally, it is necessary to deal with information related to external matters, activities and environment in a timely manner, communicate effectively with external customers, suppliers, government authorities and shareholders, and ensure that external information such as market, policies and technology is input into the company in time, which can effectively make up for the lack of internal control of the company. \xd\ \xd\6. A well-established risk learning mechanism \xd\ Learning and accumulation of risk knowledge is an important way for enterprises to acquire and maintain risk management capabilities. Learning mechanism can create an environment of equal competition and wisdom in the company and make up for the ability gap between individuals and teams. Risk learning should be one of the central tasks of risk management, and the learning process must be continuous, not temporary work associated with specific risk management projects. The continuous learning process needs to be guaranteed, restrained and regulated by a perfect and strict system. Detailed risk management records can promote experience exchange and information feedback, and are also an important tool for risk learning. \xd\ The cultivation of enterprise risk management ability depends on the learning and accumulation of risk knowledge to a great extent. A learning enterprise organization can constantly acquire knowledge, update knowledge, use knowledge and create knowledge, thus constantly strengthening the existing risk management capabilities and developing and learning new risk management capabilities. In this sense, the learning mechanism of risk determines the time path for small and medium-sized enterprises to grow up in the risk and their ability to resist the risk. \xd\ xd \ 7. Establish an effective incentive mechanism to activate the human resources of enterprises \ xd \ The competition of modern enterprises is the competition of talents. Talent is the most important and active factor among many factors of productivity, and it is one of the most precious wealth of enterprises. Its quantity, quality and structure largely determine the success or failure of enterprises. Many enterprises are relatively short of talents because of their small scale. Moreover, due to the limited development space, there is a serious loss of particularly high-quality management talents and technical backbones. Therefore, it is more necessary and urgent for enterprises to establish an effective incentive mechanism and activate their human resources. Through the incentive mechanism, the enthusiasm and creativity of employees are fully stimulated, the potential of employees is tapped, and the personal development of employees is closely linked with the development of enterprises. \xd\ xd \ 8. Improve the internal control system of the enterprise itself \ xd \ The original internal control system of the enterprise cannot meet the requirements of global market competition, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. If they want to be eliminated in the current financial crisis and fierce market competition, they must further improve their internal control system, flexibly expand corresponding internal control policies according to market requirements, improve their operating conditions and cultivate sustainability. First of all, the risk management of small and medium-sized enterprises should be based on the established business strategy, use various risk analysis techniques, find out the business risk points, and adopt appropriate methods to reduce risks. It is necessary to focus on prevention, that is, to reduce possible risks by adding, supplementing or standardizing various internal control links; Secondly, we should start from the organization, such as establishing an internal supervision organization to regularly check the high-risk areas of the enterprise and find existing or potential risks in time; Finally, we should be good at transferring risks, such as buying insurance. \xd\ In short, based on the requirements of risk management, enterprise risk management must run through the whole process of enterprise control and improve the original internal control system.