What mineral resources are there in Putian and how do people exploit, utilize and protect them?

According to the master plan of Putian mineral resources (2008-20 15)

By the end of 2007, 4 1 minerals have been discovered in the city, including lead, zinc, silver, gold, copper, molybdenum, nickel, cadmium, decorative stones, building stones, building sand, brick clay, kaolin, pyrophyllite, timely, potash feldspar, sillimanite, talc, serpentine, underground hot water and mineral water. There are 17 proven mineral resources, including 12 in Fujian province. Metal minerals include lead, zinc, silver, cadmium and nickel, and non-metal minerals include talc, serpentine used as fertilizer, sillimanite, clay used as brick, decorative granite, potash feldspar and kaolin. Among them, serpentine, talc and sillimanite for nickel and fertilizer rank first in the province. The minerals with proven resources not listed above are pyrophyllite, porcelain stone, timely stone, building stone and geothermal water (table 1).

There are ***8 mining areas in the city that have been proved and listed in the resource reserve table, including 2 metallic deposits, 5 metallic and nonmetallic deposits 1, all of which are small and medium-sized deposits (Table 2).

On the whole, there are few minerals in our city, and the non-metallic minerals are mainly building stones and decorative stones. Building stone resources are very rich, which not only meet the needs of various constructions in our city, but also are exported in large quantities; Decorative stone is also rich in reserves. The main varieties are Huatingqing (quartz diorite), Puxibai (adamellite), Yuetanghei (gabbro), Pinghai rust (potash feldspar granite) and Ocean Red (tuff). There are few metal minerals, only lead, zinc, silver and molybdenum have certain reserves, and the prospects are broad; The energy mineral is only underground hot water, which is rich in reserves and has a good development and utilization prospect.

First, the total regulation of mineral resources development and utilization

(1) minerals that are encouraged, restricted or prohibited from mining

According to the relevant national and provincial policies, the mineral resources in Putian City are divided into three categories: encouraged, restricted and prohibited.

1. Minerals encouraged to be mined: geothermal, kaolin, pyrophyllite, alunite, timely, potash feldspar, etc.

2. Minerals restricted from mining: decorative stone, lead, zinc, molybdenum, etc.

3. Mineral prohibited from mining: clay for brick and tile of cultivated land.

(B) the number of mining rights control

By the end of the planning period (20 10), the total number of mines in the city will be controlled within 70, including Chengxiang District 10, Hanjiang District 8, Licheng District 10, Xiuyu District (including North Coast Development Zone) 14 and Xianyou County 20.

(3) Regulation of the total mining amount of major minerals

According to the provisions of the state and the province, combined with the actual situation of this Municipality, protective control mining is carried out for clay for bricks and tiles, decorative stones and building stones, and the total mining amount is strictly controlled. By 20 10, the total amount of ore mining of brick clay, decorative stone and building stone will be controlled at 250,000 cubic meters, 25,000 cubic meters and 4 million cubic meters respectively, and by 20 15. Strictly examine and approve the opening of new mines such as decorative stone materials, and stop examining and approving the opening of cultivated land bricks and clay mines.

During the planning period, in accordance with the principles of protecting the ecological environment, protecting cultivated land and saving resources, and in accordance with the principle of controlling the total amount of mining and the number of mining enterprises, the planning and layout of building stone, decorative stone and brick clay mines will be further optimized, and centralized mining, large-scale and intensive management will be implemented. Within the permitted mining area, building stones, decorative stones and clay mines for bricks and tiles should be set up reasonably. In principle, the newly established mining right of building stone should be set in key mining areas and reported step by step.

In principle, there are 5~ 10 mines in each district and 15~20 mines in Xianyou county to meet the needs of urbanization and rural construction, and brick and clay mines occupying cultivated land are resolutely banned.

Second, the layout optimization of mineral resources development and utilization

(A) the division of mineral resources exploitation planning areas

According to the overall planning of mineral resources in Fujian Province and the distribution law and development and utilization status of mineral resources in Putian City, it is divided into four categories: forbidden mining area (hereinafter referred to as forbidden mining area), restricted mining area (hereinafter referred to as restricted mining area), quasi-mining area (hereinafter referred to as exploitable mining area) and key mining area, so as to effectively guide the rational setting and integration of mining rights, realize the rational allocation of mineral resources development and utilization in the region, and promote the coordinated development of economic, social and ecological environmental protection.

1. Forbidden mining area

During the planning period, according to the national industrial policy, economic and social development, resource and environmental protection requirements or special needs of the country, and restricted by various factors such as economy, security, environment and culture, the mining of mineral resources is prohibited:

(1) Nature reserves, scenic spots, geological relics protection areas (geological parks) and forest parks.

(2) the first-class protected areas of important drinking water source protection areas.

(3) The range of heavy mountains visible on both sides of the upstream of railway, expressway, national highway, provincial highway, Mulanxi main stream and Fen Road West Waidu Reservoir.

(4) important industrial areas, large-scale water conservancy facilities, residential areas, urban municipal engineering facilities, etc.

(5) World natural and cultural heritage, immovable historical relics and places of interest under special state protection, key cultural relics protection units and religious shrines.

(6) Areas and military administrative zones designated by ports, airports and national defense engineering facilities.

(seven) areas where the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources are prohibited by the state and the province.

There are 36 forbidden mining areas such as Meizhou Island National Tourism Resort, the important water source of Dongzhen Reservoir in Putian, and Hugongshan Forest Park in Putian. See attached figure 3 and attached table 9 for details.

Except for the above-mentioned forbidden mining areas, all points that are difficult to express on the planning map of mineral resources development, utilization and protection are classified as forbidden mining areas within a certain range of protected units listed in the attached table 10.

If mining is prohibited, no new mining right shall be set. Mines with mining rights shall be closed by the local people's government within a time limit, and the mining license shall be cancelled by the original issuing authority after the closure. When the mine is closed, it should do a good job in restoring the geological environment of the mine and reclaim the destroyed land in time.

2. Limited mining area

During the planning period, according to the requirements of the national industrial policy, economic and social development, resources and environmental protection or the special needs of the country, and subject to various factors such as economy, technology, safety and environment, areas that impose certain restrictions on mineral resources exploitation activities:

(1) Secondary and quasi-protected areas of important drinking water source protection areas.

(2) minerals subject to protective mining under the influence of national and provincial industrial policies.

(3) The geological environment in the area is fragile, and the development process may have some impact on the environment, but it can be controlled by taking effective measures.

Changtai Dongzhen Reservoir Secondary Protection Zone and other 8 restricted mining areas. See attached figure 3 and attached table 9 for details.

Adhere to the principle of giving priority to resource and environmental protection and moderate development in restricted mining areas, and strictly control the total amount of mining rights and mining scale. If it is really necessary to set mining rights during the planning period, the planning department must organize demonstrations and confirm that mining rights can be set before mining rights can be set.

The restricted mining area shall not establish new mining rights for small-scale (including this number, the same below) metal mines and medium-sized non-metallic mines mined in the open pit, and shall not establish new mining rights for scattered metal mines and non-metallic mines mined underground; The mining right that has been set but does not meet the above conditions shall not be extended after its expiration.

3. Mineable areas

Except for the above-mentioned forbidden mining areas and restricted mining areas, other areas are designated as exploitable areas. The exploitation of mineral resources in the exploitable area must meet the requirements of safety, soil and water conservation, environmental protection and forestry, and set up mining rights scientifically and reasonably.

4. Key mining areas

In the exploitable areas, areas with relatively rich mineral resources, good resource endowment and development and utilization conditions, and strong development and utilization intensity will be divided; Mineral products have a good market prospect and good flow direction, and the distribution areas of scarce minerals in the subsequent processing industry; Areas where important minerals and dominant minerals are concentrated within their respective administrative areas; Areas where minerals with large market demand are located are classified as key mining areas.

According to the geological conditions of mineralization and the distribution characteristics of minerals in Putian City, according to the principles of overall planning, adjusting measures to local conditions, giving full play to advantages and intensive development, seven key mining areas, including Hanjiang Huanglong decorative stone and Chengxiang Donghai Li Jiao building stone, are divided (Table 3 and Table 9).

In addition, the development of groundwater, geothermal water and mineral water is not restricted by prohibited mining areas or restricted mining areas, but the exploitation amount shall not exceed the allowable exploitation amount and shall not cause negative effects such as land subsidence.

(2) Delineating planned blocks for mineral resources development.

During the planning period, the delineation of mine planning blocks is based on the known geological exploration information, and the planning blocks are scientifically and reasonably divided after the specific conditions such as mineral resources reserves, mineralization types, spatial positioning, ore body distribution characteristics, scale and development prospects are defined.

Delineate the mining planning block in the exploitable area. There should be a certain space around the large, medium and built mining rights of the deposit in the mining planning block as a reserve resource exploration area and a safety buffer zone. For areas that have not yet reached the conditions for the delineation of mining planning blocks, and the proven resource reserves meet the requirements of mining design, the mining planning blocks should be rationally delineated in accordance with the requirements of the Principles for the Delimitation of Mining Planning Blocks to guide the setting of mining rights.

During the planning period, according to the actual situation of Putian City, 16 mining planning blocks will be added, focusing on the construction of stone mineral areas (attached figure 3 and attached table 1 1).

Three. Structural adjustment of mineral resources development and utilization

Actively introduce modern enterprise system, through alliance, merger, contracting, holding and other forms, implement the strategy of large companies and large groups, guide the factors of production to gather in large-scale scientific and technological enterprises, form intensive management, and promote the benign development of mining industry.

(A) to promote the development and integration of mineral resources

Comprehensive use of economic, legal and necessary administrative means, through acquisition, equity participation, merger, joint, etc. According to the principle of one mine, one mining area, one mining subject, and resources concentrated in advantageous enterprises, we will reorganize the production factors such as assets, technology and talents of mineral resources and mining enterprises, increase the integration of mineral resources development, and gradually form a new pattern of mineral development with large mining groups as the backbone and coordinated development of large, medium and small mines.

1. The goal of mineral resources development and integration

The concentration of mining development has increased, and problems such as many mines and small mines have been fundamentally solved; The number of small mines is obviously reduced, and the proportion of large, medium and small mines is reasonable. At the end of 20 15, the number of licensed mines in the city will be controlled within 60; The level of development and utilization of mineral resources has been significantly improved.

2. The main minerals and objects of mineral resources development and integration

The main minerals of mineral resources development and integration are building stone, decorative stone, brick clay, kaolin, pyrophyllite and so on.

The main targets of mineral resources development and integration are mines that can't reach the minimum mining scale, and the distribution of mining rights is unreasonable, especially small mines that affect the unified mining of large mines, mines with staggered mining rights in the same deposit (mine field), mines with backward mining methods and technical equipment, low level of resource utilization and management, long-term failure to meet the design requirements in production scale, potential safety hazards and poor social and environmental benefits.

(2) Minimum mining scale of main minerals

According to the principle of "the scale of mine exploitation is compatible with the scale of mine reserves", it is required that all existing and newly-built (expanded) mines must reach the minimum mining scale within the planning period (see attached table 12), so that the mining scale of the deposit is compatible with the scale of mineral reserves, and it is strictly forbidden to open large mines or multi-mines; Illegal cross-border mining is strictly prohibited to achieve scale development.

(C) structural adjustment of mineral products

Strengthen the rational distribution of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the mining industry, further optimize and extend the mining industry chain, increase the added value of mineral products, and focus on the development of refined, deep and refined products. Develop pyrophyllite, kaolin and other non-metallic minerals for deep processing and high value-added products, and expand the application fields of non-metallic minerals. Through adjustment, the proportion of raw ore and primary products gradually decreased, and the proportion of deep processing and high value-added products increased rapidly.

Accelerate the structural adjustment and upgrading of mineral products and build a distinctive and competitive mining industry. Adapt to the development of supply and demand, product transfer, implement brand strategy, increase added value and reduce energy consumption. For decorative stone, we should develop large and large plates, thin plates, special-shaped plates and tombstone products. And restrict the export of blocks.

(4) Access conditions for new mining enterprises

1. It meets the requirements of total regulation, layout, mining structure and minimum mining scale of mineral resources planning.

2 belongs to the government investment projects, must be approved by the competent department of investment projects (for the record).

3 mine geological exploration report, mining design and mineral resources development and utilization plan in line with state regulations.

4. Mine water and soil conservation plan, mine environmental impact assessment and mine ecological environment restoration and management plan meet relevant requirements.

5. Must comply with the requirements of relevant safety regulations.

6 funds, mining equipment, professional institutions and personnel suitable for the scale of the proposed mine.

7. Other relevant provisions of the state and province.

Four. Protection and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources

(A) a reasonable formulation of the "three rates" index, improve the efficiency of resource utilization.

Improve the recovery rate of mineral resources and mineral processing recovery rate, encourage mining enterprises to carry out comprehensive utilization of resources, and reduce reserve consumption and mine waste discharge. Strengthen the research and application of non-metallic minerals and metal minerals mining technology, and popularize advanced and applicable comprehensive resource recovery technology and mineral processing technology. By 20 15, the recovery rate and mineral processing recovery rate of major mineral resources mining areas will increase by 2-6% respectively, the rejection rate of decorative stone materials will increase by 3-5%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of mining enterprises will increase by 2-8%. Strengthen the access management, supervision and inspection of the recovery rate of mineral resources exploitation. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of mining recovery rate, mining dilution rate and mineral processing recovery rate, and guide and force mining enterprises to effectively improve the level of mineral resources mining and dressing.

Strengthen the utilization of mine solid waste, improve the level of waste resource utilization, and expand the field of comprehensive utilization of non-metallic mine solid waste. By 20 15, the proportion of mines that should be comprehensively utilized should be increased to more than 75%.

(two) the development and utilization of low grade and difficult to use mineral resources.

Encourage mining enterprises to rely on scientific and technological progress and innovation, improve the technical level of resource utilization, and carry out research on new technologies for selecting and smelting low-grade mineral resources and new products and uses of low-grade mineral resources. Research and development of new technologies, new processes and new equipment for beneficiation, enrichment and comprehensive utilization of low-grade lead-zinc ore.

(C) the development of circular economy

Explore new ways of resource development, resource consumption, waste generation, renewable resource utilization and social consumption. Encourage the recycling of secondary resources and reduce the dependence of economy and society on conventional mineral raw materials.

Advocate clean production and make full use of useful components in solid waste. Carry out research on the comprehensive utilization technology of solid waste resources, extend the industrial chain, develop new or alternative materials such as building materials, and realize the coordinated development of resources and environment.

Make full use of decorative stone ore scraps to process crushed stone, and produce new building materials such as hollow bricks by processing crushed stone powder.

(4) Dynamic supervision and management of mine reserves

According to the provisions of the state and province, the dynamic supervision and management of mine reserves must be carried out. Large and medium-sized mines must establish geological survey institutions, and small mines must be equipped with geological survey personnel. The system of "one account and three maps" of mine reserves must be established to promote the rational development and utilization of mine reserves.