What does ip server mean?

IP is the abbreviation of the English Internet Protocol, which means "protocol for interconnection between networks", which is a protocol designed for computer networks to communicate with each other. In the Internet, it is a set of rules that enable all computer networks connected to the Internet to communicate with each other. It stipulates the rules that computers should abide by when communicating on the Internet. Computer systems produced by any manufacturer can interconnect with the Internet as long as they comply with the IP protocol. It is precisely because of the IP protocol that the Internet has rapidly developed into the world's largest and open computer communication network. Therefore, the IP protocol can also be called "Internet Protocol".

——How does IP realize network interconnection? Network systems and equipment produced by various manufacturers, such as Ethernet, packet switching network, etc., cannot interoperate with each other. The main reason why they cannot interoperate is because of the basic unit of data they transmit (technically called "frame"). The format is different. The IP protocol is actually a set of protocol software composed of software programs. It uniformly converts various "frames" into "IP datagram" format. This conversion is one of the most important features of the Internet, enabling all kinds of computers to All can achieve interoperability on the Internet, that is, they have the characteristics of "openness".

——So, what is a "datagram"? What are its characteristics? Datagrams are also a form of packet switching, which means that the transmitted data is segmented into "packets" and then sent out. However, unlike traditional "connection-type" packet switching, it is "connectionless". Each "packet" (group) is sent out as an "independent message", so it is called "data". "Report". In this way, there is no need to connect a circuit before starting communication, and each datagram is not necessarily transmitted through the same path, so it is called "connectionless". This feature is very important as it greatly improves the robustness and security of the network.

——Each datagram has two parts: header and message. The header contains necessary content such as the destination address, so that each datagram can accurately reach the destination without going through the same path. . Reassemble and restore the originally sent data at the destination. This requires IP to have the functions of packet packaging and collection assembly.

——During the actual transmission process, the datagram must also be able to change the length of the datagram according to the packet size specified by the network it passes through. The maximum length of the IP datagram can reach 65535 bytes.

——There is another very important content in the IP protocol, which is that every computer and other device on the Internet is assigned a unique address, called an "IP address". Because of this unique address, it is ensured that users can efficiently and conveniently select the objects they need from thousands of computers when operating on connected computers.

——Now the telecommunications network is integrating with the IP network. New technologies based on IP are popular technologies. For example, the technology of using IP network to transmit voice (VoIP) is very popular. Others such as IP over ATM, IP over SDH, IP over WDM, etc. are all the focus of research on IP technology. (IP Global Network)

IPv6 is the abbreviation of "Internet Protocol Version 6", also known as the next generation Internet protocol. It is designed by the IETF team (Internet Engineering Task Force). A new IP protocol to replace the current IPv4 (current IP) protocol.

We know that all hosts on the Internet have a unique IP address. The IP address uses a 32-bit binary number to represent a host number. However, the 32-bit address resources are limited and cannot meet the needs of users. Some Internet research organizations have released a new host identification method, namely IPv6. In RFC1884 (RFC is the abbreviation of Request for Comments Document.

RFC is actually some standards for Internet services). The prescribed standard syntax recommends writing the 128 bits (16 bytes) of the IPv6 address as eight 16-bit unsigned integers, each integer using four hexadecimal digits. Indicates that these numbers are separated by colons (:), for example: 3ffe:3201:1401:1280:c8ff:fe4d:db39

1. Basic address format

Current IP Networks use 32-bit addresses, expressed in dotted decimal notation, such as 172.16.0.0. The address format is: IP address = network address + host address or IP address = host address + subnet address + host address.

Network addresses are uniformly allocated by the Internet Authority (InterNIC) to ensure the global uniqueness of network addresses. Host addresses are assigned by the system administrator of each network. Therefore, the uniqueness of the network address and the uniqueness of the host address within the network ensure the global uniqueness of the IP address.

2. Allocation of reserved addresses

According to different uses and security levels, IP addresses can be roughly divided into two categories: public addresses and private addresses. Public addresses are used on the Internet and can be accessed anywhere on the Internet. Private addresses can only be used within the internal network and can communicate with the Internet only through a proxy server.

To connect to the Internet, an organization or network must apply for a public IP address. However, considering special circumstances such as network security and internal experiments, three areas are reserved as private addresses in the IP address. The address range is as follows:

10.0.0.0/8: 10.0.0.0～10.255. 255.255

172.16.0.0/12：172.16.0.0～172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0/16：192.168.0.0～192.168.255.255

Use reserved A network of addresses can only communicate internally and cannot interconnect with other networks. Because the reserved addresses in this network may also be used by other networks, if the network is interconnected, problems will arise when searching for routes because the addresses are not unique. However, these networks that use reserved addresses can interconnect with external networks by translating reserved addresses within the network into public addresses. This is also one of the important ways to ensure network security.