How does dry red distinguish good from bad?

1. Look at the wine (preferably on a white background) \ x0d \ Look directly above the glass to see if the wine is clear. If it is turbid, it is not good. \ x0d \ When viewed from the horizontal direction on the right side of the glass, shake the glass to see the speed when the wine flows down from the glass wall evenly. The stronger the wine, the slower the flow and the better the quality of the wine. \ x0d \ Observe the glass side at an angle of 45 degrees. At this point, there is a water-like object at the junction of wine and glass wall. The wider the wine, the higher the alcohol content. Different colors can appear at the junction of water body and wine body, thus showing the year of wine. Blue and lavender = 3-5 years old. Red brick color = 5-6 years. Amber = 8- 10 year. Orange means it has expired. \x0d\\x0d\2. Smell the wine \ x0d \ You'd better take a breath of fresh outdoor air before smelling the wine. \ x0d \ Tilt the glass at a 45-degree angle, and put the tip of your nose into the glass to smell the original flavor of the wine. This soft wine still smells of fruit. Tibetan wine has a compound flavor. \ x0d \ After shaking the glass, quickly smell the smell released by the wine to see if it is more stable than the original smell. \x0d\\x0d\3. Tasting wine \ x0d \ Take a sip and swirl it in your mouth. If the tannin content in wine is high, it will feel very dry in your mouth, because tannin has astringent effect, which shows that the wine is not fully mature. It is best to achieve a balance of sour-sweet-bitter-salty taste. \x0d\ After spitting or swallowing wine, see how the fragrance in your mouth is maintained \ x0d \ First of all, the knowledge of cork. The ideal state of cork should be that only the bottom is wet and the other parts remain dry. Corks that are too dry or too wet indicate that air has entered the wine and affected the quality of the wine. Ideally, the bottom of the cork should be wet, while the rest should be dry. In addition, if the wet part of the cork has sour taste or bad taste, it means that the bottle of wine may have been opened. \x0d\\x0d\ Secondly, check the "color"; That is, before tasting wine, pour a small amount of wine into the cup and observe the color of the wine. The color of wine, whether white wine or red wine, should be clear. Some red wines are darker in color, but not turbid. At the same time, the chromaticity of color is also very important, just like purple is usually a lighter wine, crimson is a more mature wine, and brick red or brown represents a more mature wine age. Generally speaking, whether it is white wine or red wine, the darker the color, the better the quality. \x0d\\x0d\ 【 Most people who don't understand alcohol will shake their glasses when drinking, but I don't know why. In fact, this is the basic action of wine tasting. Good wine, especially red wine, will leave traces of wine after being shaken gently. Shake the glass gently, let the wine swirl around the glass, then hold the glass steady and let the wine slide down from the glass wall. If the wine slides down slowly, leaving clear wine marks, it means that the quality of the wine is good. \x0d\\x0d\ Another purpose of gently shaking the glass is to let the fragrance of the wine come out and let the wine taster judge the quality of the wine through the process of "smelling the wine". Ordinary people's sense of smell can distinguish 100 different smells. Close to the glass and take a deep breath. A good wine will have its special aroma. When tasting wine, the aroma of wine is a very good indicator. The smell of good red wine is more complicated, and it will not be mixed with unpleasant smell or strange smell. People who are good at this can even tell from the process of smelling wine, including oak barrels, black cherries, violets, nutmeg, or other different flavors. \ x0d \ x0d \ After such steps and simple exercises, can you tell whether the wine in your mouth is sweet or astringent? Is it fruity? What does it taste like after drinking? Of course, if you really want to taste the quality of wine, you still have to keep trying to compare various wines and absorb relevant information to be good at this. At the same time, with the accumulation of experience, a person will have different views on the same wine. \ x0d \ x0d \ But after all, wine tasting is a very private experience, and the quality of a bottle of wine depends more or less on everyone's preferences. Therefore, sommeliers often have different opinions on the evaluation of a bottle of wine, but the only constant knowledge is that the process of learning and tasting is full of fun and endless attraction! \x0d\ Five basic steps of wine tasting: color, shake, smell, taste and aftertaste \x0d\\x0d\ (1) color. \x0d\\x0d\ If you want to see the color of the wine, it's best to put the glass in front with a white background. Of course, the color range depends on whether you taste white wine or red wine. The following are the colors of two wines: white wine has light yellow green, grass yellow, golden yellow, golden yellow, dark gold, madeira wine color and brown; Red wine includes purple, ruby, medicinal brick red, reddish brown and brown. Color will tell you a lot about wine, such as white wine. When they get old, the color will deepen. On the contrary, red wine will lose its color. \ x0d \ x0d \ (2) Shake. \x0d\\x0d\ Why do you shake the wine? In order to let oxygen into the wine. I'm not sure if you're right, but I can tell you directly: shaking will release esters, ethers and acetaldehyde, and oxygen will make the wine fragrant. \ x0d \ x0d \ (3) Smell wine. \x0d\\x0d\ Now that it has been shaken to release aroma, what's the taste of that wine? It has the form of nose, and "nose" is a word commonly used by wine tasters to describe the comprehensive smell of wine. Accurately pointing out the meaning of wine nose is to enable you to identify some characteristics of wine. \ x0d \ x0d \ (4) Taste. \ x0d \ x0d \ For most people, tasting wine means taking a sip of wine and then swallowing it quickly. But this is not a wine tasting. Tasting wine is a matter related to taste buds. Remember that it is around your mouth; Both sides of the tongue, behind the tongue, the tip of the tongue, extend to the bottom of the throat. If you drink wine like most people, you will ignore all the important taste buds. \ x0d \ x0d \ There is an old good faith in the wine industry: "Buy apples as wine and sell cheese as wine". Apples will show defects in wine, while cheese will tend to soften the smell of wine and leave you with a more pleasant taste. \x0d\\x0d\ (5) aftertaste. \x0d\\x0d\ When you have a chance to taste wine, sit for a while and savor the wine. Think about your experience just now and ask yourself the following questions to help you deepen your impression. Is the wine \ x0d \ x0d \ ⊙ light, moderately rich or rich? \x0d\⊙ Liquor: What is the acidity? Rarely, just right, or too sour? \x0d\⊙ Red wine: Is the tannin too strong or too astringent? Have a good time? Still no tannin? How long does the aftertaste last? The most important thing is whether you like this bottle of wine or not. \x0d\⊙ Is the price worth it? \x0d\\x0d\ here comes another key point. When you taste a wine, the first thing is whether you like it or not. Is this the wine you want? \x0d\\x0d\ Let's talk about the traditional knowledge of wine tasting. \x0d\\x0d\ Step 1: Red wine tastes astringent after being chilled \x0d\\x0d\ Traditionally, the temperature for drinking red wine is cool room temperature, 18 to 2 1 Celsius. At this temperature, all kinds of red wine are at their best. A bottle of chilled red wine has more obvious tannins than red wine at room temperature, so it tastes very astringent. \x0d\\x0d\ Step 2: The hangover-relieving red wine is not fragrant enough before it is completely oxidized \x0d\\x0d\ A good bottle of wine is usually dusty for many years, and it will have an odor just after it is opened. At this time, the wine will be "awakened". After pouring the wine into a beautiful decanter, the smell of the wine will dissipate. Decanters usually require wine to come into contact with air. \x0d\\x0d\ Step 3: Watch the wine. The edges of aged wine are brown. \ x0d \ x0d \ Red wine is red enough to stir people's hearts. When pouring red wine, the basic requirement is that the glass is placed horizontally and the wine does not overflow. In the case of sufficient light, put the red wine glass horizontally on the white paper, and you can judge the year of the wine by observing the edge of the red wine. The layers are mostly new wines, and the colors are a little old. If they are slightly brown, they may encounter a bottle of old wine. \x0d\\x0d\ Step 4: Let it stay in your mouth for a while after drinking \x0d\\x0d\ Before you enter the wine, you can smell it deeply in the glass, then you can feel the delicate fragrance of the red wine, and then you can swallow it, so that the red wine can stay in your mouth for one minute and roll on your tongue twice to let it. \x0d\\x0d\ Step 5: Taste the old wine after the new wine \x0d\\x0d\ A wine tasting party usually tastes more than two or three pieces of red wine in order to achieve the comparison effect. When drinking, we should follow the principle of new before old, light before strong. \ x0d \ x0d \ also has some expert tips and experience in discussing with people: \ x0d \ x0d \ First of all, a good red wine depends on its appearance, and the lighter the color, the better. This is the opposite of white wine. There should be no sediment in it. The sediment is mostly grape skin, which is not good. \ x0d \ x0d \ Secondly, red wine needs a special curved glass, which is slowly shaken in front of the nose, and the aroma of the wine will go up with the glass wall and slowly enter the nose. The red wine has been tasted by this time. \ x0d \ x0d \ Fourth, after the red wine is imported, use the tip of the tongue first, which is sweet in acid and less bitter. \ x0d \ x0d \ Fifth, squeeze the red wine to your mouth with your tongue. \x0d\\x0d\ Different wines have different drinking temperatures. \ x0d \ x0d \ dry white wine 8- 10? C \ x0d \ x0d \ semi-dry white wine 8- 12? C \ x0d \ x0d \ semi-sweet/sweet wine 10- 12? C \ x0d \ x0d \ dry red wine 16-22? C \ x0d \ x0d \ semi-dry red wine 16- 18? C \ x0d \ x0d \ semi-sweet/sweet wine 14- 16? C \ x0d \ x0d \ brandy 15？ \ x0d \ x0d \ c 10 sparkling wine (i.e. champagne)? The temperature above c \ x0d \ x0d \ below is for reference only, and the drinking temperature is not equal to the tasting temperature. For example, sweet wine may have to be cooled before it can taste sweet; Brandy, on the other hand, should be mastered by hand to raise the wine temperature to room temperature, which is the best tasting temperature and should be used flexibly according to the situation. \x0d\\x0d\ If a bottle of wine is put in the refrigerator, the temperature of the wine will drop after 1 hour/hour. C, as long as the general red wine is put into the refrigerator 1 hour, the wine temperature will drop to 20? C. If you forget how long the red wine has been in the refrigerator, don't worry. Just take it out, open it and pour it into the cup. In about 30 minutes, the temperature of red wine will be 20? C, which is what we call "room temperature". It is enough to put the liquor in the refrigerator for 2 hours or in a bucket filled with ice water for 20 minutes.