Common sense of excavator operation

1. Common sense of driving an excavator

Common sense of driving an excavator 1. Primary operation of excavator

The basic operation of the excavator is as follows:

1, confirm that there are no obstacles around the excavator, just like learning to drive, first observe the surrounding car conditions;

2. Sound the horn first after getting on the bus, which plays the role of warning passers-by and also plays the role of safety warning;

3. Confirm that there is no alarm on the instrument and there is no abnormality in the vehicle;

4. Turn the cut-off valve to the ON position to start;

Its specific operation is divided into four actions: big arm, small arm, bucket and rotation. Some small machines also have shovels.

Now let's talk about taxis. There are two operating handles in the cab:

A handle on the left has two actions: rotation and forearm; The left and right play the role of optional installation, and the front and rear play the role of telescopic forearm.

The handle on the right has two actions: the bucket and the boom. Left and right are used to retract the bucket, and front and rear are used to raise and lower the boom. The first two can only move back and forth. What you step on with your feet is used to walk on the chain track.

These are the most basic operations and you can remember them in an hour or so. The most important thing is that the serial action needs long-term practice, and you must be patient if you want to learn the excavator well.

Extended data:

Basic common sense

1. Excavators are fixed assets with large economic investment. In order to improve its service life and obtain greater economic benefits, the equipment must be staffed, scheduled and fixed, and the responsibilities must be clearly defined. When the post must be transferred, the equipment shall be disclosed.

2. After the excavator enters the construction site, the driver should first observe the geological conditions and surrounding environment of the working face, and there should be no obstacles within the rotating radius of the excavator to avoid scratching or damaging the vehicle.

3. After the machine is started, no one is allowed to stand on the bucket, shovel arm and crawler to ensure safe production.

4. When the excavator is working, it is forbidden for anyone to stay or walk within the radius of gyration or under the bucket. Non-drivers are not allowed to touch and touch the cab, and they are not allowed to bring training drivers to avoid damaging electrical equipment.

Operating sequence of excavator:

1, inspection and preparation;

2, empty machine test run;

3. Start the machine and install the rock;

Step 4 stop the machine.

Its normal operation is:

1. Before starting the machine, the surrounding personnel should be evacuated outside the working scope of the excavator;

2, in the process of loading rock, large pieces of waste rock must be smashed with a sledgehammer, and waste rock larger than 300mm is not allowed to be loaded with rock;

3, pay attention to the tent legs, crib on both sides and temporary support, to prevent scratches;

4, it is forbidden to use the rock loader to set up foot hand.

References:

Excavator-sogou encyclopedia

2. The basic skills of excavator operation

First, observe the geology and surrounding environment of the working face, and there shall be no obstacles within the rotating radius of the excavator.

After the excavator enters the construction site, the driver should first observe the geological conditions and surrounding environment of the working face, and there should be no obstacles within the rotating radius of the excavator to avoid scratching or damaging the vehicle. After the machine is started, no one is allowed to stand in the bucket, on the shovel arm and on the track to ensure safe production.

When the excavator is working, no one is allowed to stay or walk within the radius of gyration or under the bucket. Non-drivers are not allowed to enter the cab and touch around, and they are not allowed to bring training drivers to avoid damaging electrical equipment. When the excavator moves, the driver should observe and whistle first, and then move, so as to avoid safety accidents caused by people near the machine. The moved position shall ensure that there are no obstacles in the space of the rotating radius of the excavator, and illegal operation is strictly prohibited.

Extended data:

Information about excavators: 1. When "tripping and stopping" occurs when driving uphill, the gear can be set to low gear or I gear, and then the machine will stop to troubleshoot when driving to the top of the slope; If the downshift is unsuccessful or the trip stops again, please stop and troubleshoot according to the action essentials and requirements of ramp stop. 2. When driving downhill, in case of tripping and stopping, you should hang the gear to a high-speed position or take measures to seize the gear according to the essentials of shifting, and then stop for inspection and troubleshooting after driving to the bottom of the slope.

3. Due to the large volume of the excavator boom, it is difficult to take reliable and effective heating and insulation measures, and the hardened zone of the parent metal around the weld can not be completely removed after welding, which leads to the decrease of weld strength: the excavator has a large vibration impact during operation, and the uneven stress at the weld cracks the weld. Baidu encyclopedia-excavator.

3. What are the basic knowledge of excavators?

1. Excavators used to be the fixed assets of engineering enterprises, but the appearance of renting machines by everyone broke this iron law, and the use of excavator leasing was well received.

However, no matter whether the excavator is purchased or leased, it is necessary to clarify the person, machine and post when using it, and clarify the responsibility. In the case of workplace adjustment, the equipment should be made public to improve the service life and create greater economic benefits. 2. Drink without driving, and drive without drinking.

The same is true of driving an excavator. I don't know that it is illegal to exploit opportunities after drinking, but I know that drunk driving seriously threatens the life safety of drivers and causes small economic losses, but if it is life-threatening, safety should be the first. 3. Before driving the excavator, the driver should observe the surrounding environment to ensure the safety during construction. Before starting the excavator, check whether there are people in the bucket, shovel arm and crawler to ensure safe construction.

Similarly, when the excavator is moving, the driver should observe and whistle before moving, so as to avoid safety accidents caused by someone near the machine. The moved position shall ensure that there are no obstacles in the space of the rotating radius of the excavator, and illegal operation is strictly prohibited. 4. In the face of the trip and shutdown of the excavator, many small fresh meats will panic. Usually, the gear of excavator transmission is located in the box cover hole above the shift fork shaft of the second and third gears and the fourth and fifth gears, and the shift fork of the first gear and the reverse gear is equipped with steel balls and springs with self-locking function.

When the elasticity of the spring, which plays the role of positioning and self-locking, weakens or breaks, the self-locking performance of the self-locking mechanism will decline until it disappears, resulting in "tripping and stopping" of the transmission. At the same time, if the positioning steel ball or the groove on the shift fork shaft is worn, it will also cause the transmission to "jump".

Therefore, small fresh meat people don't have to panic, calmly stop the excavator to check. 5. The movement of the excavator indicates wear or noise, which may be that the lubricating oil is used up. At this time, when replacing the lubricating oil, it is best to clean up the position of the lubricating oil that needs to be replaced first, squeeze out all the old oil as far as possible and wipe it clean, and at the same time, prevent the lubricating oil from being mixed with dust, water and other substances.

6, the driver must make records in the process of equipment use, found that the equipment problems, to report in time, don't work in spite of illness, in the daily maintenance, overhaul, maintenance, do a good job in all aspects. Get into the habit of cleaning the car after work, and make daily shift records, count the work content of the day and handle odd jobs or zero items outside the project in time, and make records for use when checking out.

7, excavator operation belongs to a special industry, also need special operation certificate to drive the excavator. Otherwise, you will be punished just like driving a car without a license.

4. What are the skills of driving an excavator?

1. How does a small excavator climb a flatbed (the one without a ladder)? The flatbed car without ladder on a small excavator is very easy to tilt, which leads to more and more tilting when reversing.

In fact, this problem is well solved: adjust the excavator angle when getting on the bus to ensure that the chain plate is aligned with the flat car; Then turn the excavator to the right (the excavator chain plate on the cab side is vertical), support it with the excavator arm, and the excavator slowly climbs up. This process must be slow, observe and adjust while reversing. The faster the speed, the easier it is to run off.

2. How to dig a T-ditch The so-called T-ditch focuses on digging ditches and walls. Such a ditch is more difficult to dig. It is best to start digging from the T-shaped end in contact with the wall. Don't panic when this happens, because everyone will dig wide except riding on the ditch.

If you encounter sand, it is not recommended that individuals ride in the ditch to dig, which is very dangerous. If the soil is good, you can ride a ditch to dig. It should be noted that: when digging, don't use your forearm to forcibly collect soil, which will lead to the deviation of the excavator; Dig with a bucket and try to dig out the shape of the ditch at one time.

3, how to level the ground about leveling, this is the driver's most basic operating skills. Training does not mean that you can master a set of theories skillfully. This requires a lot of practice. During leveling, move slowly, dig as slowly as possible, and dig as long as possible, and then scrape the soil slowly with the shovel tip.

So what do you think? If you think it's high, scrape it slowly, if you think it's low, push a little soil with the tip of the bucket. Step by step, you will always have a reasonable and flat perspective.

It should be noted that the excavator must be flat. If you work on a mound, you need to move the excavator left and right to make the bucket parallel to the ground. 4. How to load the car quickly? I loaded the car too slowly. How can I load quickly? Many friends have encountered this problem. Here are some tips.

First of all, the excavator should stop smoothly, so as to turn quickly and smoothly. The second is to minimize movements, and one can be reduced.

When digging, the bottom of the bucket should be parallel to the soil layer as much as possible, and then the forearm is closed to shovel the soil. Dig as much as you can in this action. When throwing soil into the car, try to lift the big arm and then pour out the soil. Don't push the forearm, because the soil piled on the bucket will fall off early.

Extended data:

Classification of common excavators: 1. There are two kinds of common excavators: those driven by internal combustion engines and those driven by electricity. Among them, electric excavators are mainly used in flammable and explosive places such as plateau hypoxia and underground mines.

2. According to different walking modes, excavators can be divided into crawler excavators and wheeled excavators. 3. According to the different transmission modes, excavators can be divided into hydraulic excavators and mechanical excavators.

Mechanical excavators are mainly used in some large mines. 4. According to the purpose, excavators can be divided into general excavators, mining excavators, marine excavators, special excavators and other different categories.

5. According to the bucket, excavators can be divided into front shovel excavators, backhoe excavators, pull shovel excavators and grab excavators. The front shovel excavator is mainly used to dig materials above the surface, while the back shovel excavator is mainly used to dig materials below the surface.

5. What should I pay attention to when driving an excavator?

There are three main aspects that should be paid attention to in safety: 1. In the air, don't touch wires, buildings, site personnel, etc. , but also prevent falling objects from hitting the top of the machine; 2. The machine itself, always pay attention to the surrounding environment, steep slopes, quagmires and rivers are dangerous; Underground, the most important thing is not to dig through gas and natural gas pipelines! It's best to dig through the water pipes and communication pipes. If you dig into the gas pipeline, it is easy to cause a fire.

Therefore, before excavation, it is necessary to know the terrain and underground objects from relevant personnel. Machine maintenance: How diligent are you? You must check the machine every day and add butter (some excavators don't need to add butter every day). The contents of daily maintenance are listed in the manual, so I won't go into details here. In the process of work, it is best to move smoothly all the time, and try to avoid sudden stop and bump to protect the hydraulic system and engine. You'd better warm up before work. When the water temperature rises, the load is increased. Idling for about 10 minutes before stopping can protect the engine. Pay close attention to the changes of various instruments in the work. If there is an alarm, stop the machine immediately for inspection and maintenance. Experience is accumulated by yourself, and you will remember it when you meet it.

6. What are the basic knowledge of excavators?

1. Excavators used to be the fixed assets of engineering enterprises, but the appearance of renting machines by everyone broke this iron law, and the use of excavator leasing was well received. However, no matter whether the excavator is purchased or leased, it is necessary to clarify the person, machine and post when using it, and clarify the responsibility. In the case of workplace adjustment, the equipment should be made public to improve the service life and create greater economic benefits.

2. Drink without driving, and drive without drinking. The same is true of driving an excavator. I don't know that it is illegal to exploit opportunities after drinking, but I know that drunk driving seriously threatens the life safety of drivers and causes small economic losses, but if it is life-threatening, safety should be the first.

3. Before driving the excavator, the driver should observe the surrounding environment to ensure the safety during construction. Before starting the excavator, check whether there are people in the bucket, shovel arm and crawler to ensure safe construction. Similarly, when the excavator is moving, the driver should observe and whistle before moving, so as to avoid safety accidents caused by someone near the machine. The moved position shall ensure that there are no obstacles in the space of the rotating radius of the excavator, and illegal operation is strictly prohibited.

4. In the face of the trip and shutdown of the excavator, many small fresh meats will panic. Usually, the gear of excavator transmission is located in the box cover hole above the shift fork shaft of the second and third gears and the fourth and fifth gears, and the shift fork of the first gear and the reverse gear is equipped with steel balls and springs with self-locking function. When the elasticity of the spring, which plays the role of positioning and self-locking, weakens or breaks, the self-locking performance of the self-locking mechanism will decline until it disappears, resulting in the "trip stop" of the transmission. At the same time, if the positioning steel ball or the groove on the shift fork shaft is worn, it will also cause the transmission to "jump". Therefore, small fresh meat people don't have to panic, calmly stop the excavator to check.

5. The movement of the excavator indicates wear or noise, which may be that the lubricating oil is used up. At this time, when replacing the lubricating oil, it is best to clean up the position of the lubricating oil that needs to be replaced first, squeeze out all the old oil as far as possible and wipe it clean, and at the same time, prevent the lubricating oil from being mixed with dust, water and other substances.

6, the driver must make records in the process of equipment use, found that the equipment problems, to report in time, don't work in spite of illness, in the daily maintenance, overhaul, maintenance, do a good job in all aspects. Get into the habit of cleaning the car after work, and make daily shift records, count the work content of the day and handle odd jobs or zero items outside the project in time, and make records for use when checking out.

7, excavator operation belongs to a special industry, also need special operation certificate to drive the excavator. Otherwise, you will be punished just like driving a car without a license.

7. Basic knowledge of excavators

Matters needing attention in excavator operation

A buffer device is installed in the hydraulic cylinder of the excavator, which can gradually release the back pressure near the end of the stroke; If the piston is subjected to impact load after reaching the end of the stroke, it will directly hit the cylinder head or cylinder bottom, which is likely to cause accidents, so try to leave a gap when reaching the end of the stroke.

Using the rotary motion of excavator to push the soil will cause abnormal stress on the bucket and working device, resulting in distortion or weld cracking, or even pin shaft fracture, so this operation should be avoided as far as possible.

Using the weight of the excavator's car body to excavate will cause abnormal stress state of the slewing bearing and strong vibration and impact on the chassis, so the application of hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic pipeline will cause great damage.

When loading and unloading heavy objects such as stones, the excavator should unload the goods near the bottom of the truck compartment, or load the soil first and then load the stones. It is forbidden to unload at high altitude to reduce the impact damage to trucks.

When the crawler excavator is deeply immersed in mud, put a board under the bucket, support the crawler with the bottom of the bucket, and then put a board under the crawler to drive the machine out.

8. Basic knowledge of excavators

Matters needing attention in excavator operation

A buffer device is installed in the hydraulic cylinder of the excavator, which can gradually release the back pressure near the end of the stroke; If the piston is subjected to impact load after reaching the end of the stroke, it will directly hit the cylinder head or cylinder bottom, which is likely to cause accidents, so try to leave a gap when reaching the end of the stroke.

Using the rotary motion of excavator to push the soil will cause abnormal stress on the bucket and working device, resulting in distortion or weld cracking, or even pin shaft fracture, so this operation should be avoided as far as possible.

Using the weight of the excavator's car body to excavate will cause abnormal stress state of the slewing bearing and strong vibration and impact on the chassis, so the application of hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic pipeline will cause great damage.

When loading and unloading heavy objects such as stones, the excavator should unload the goods near the bottom of the truck compartment, or load the soil first and then load the stones. It is forbidden to unload at high altitude to reduce the impact damage to trucks.

When the crawler excavator is deeply immersed in mud, put a board under the bucket, support the crawler with the bottom of the bucket, and then put a board under the crawler to drive the machine out.