Potato Seeding and Cultivation Method Sharing

Potato is the fourth largest food crop in the world. Its scientific name is potato, also known as potato, hard egg, potato and so on. Next, I will share the sowing and breeding methods of potatoes. Let's have a look.

Potato sowing method

1. Soil selection: potatoes have strong adaptability, and the requirements for soil are mainly loose, and the requirements for soil pH are not strict, and the pH range is 5.0 ~ 8.0. Sandy soil or loam with high terrain, loose soil, deep soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage should be selected.

2. Selection of improved varieties: Virus-free varieties with early maturity, high yield and disease resistance should be selected for potato planting. Seed potato should be neat in appearance, moderate in size, smooth and tender in skin, bright in bud root, complete in tuber, free from diseases, insect pests and frostbite, and the appropriate size is 25-50g.

3. Seed treatment: When planting potatoes, first put the seed potatoes in the sun for 2-3 days and 3-4 hours a day to remove the diseased potatoes and bad potatoes. Large seed potatoes should be cut into pieces, and then the seeds should be evenly dressed with plant ash and 4-8% thiophanate methyl or carbendazim to promote wound healing and disinfection.

4. Soil preparation and fertilization: before potato sowing, 3000-4000 kg of decomposed farm manure, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea, potassium sulfate 15 kg, zinc sulfate 1- 1.5 kg or 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate are applied in coordination with soil preparation.

5. Timely sowing: potatoes can be sown when the ground temperature is stable at 3 ~ 5℃ in early March, and then the border is covered with plastic film, and the periphery of the plastic film is compacted with fine soil, and a clod is pressed every 2 ~ 3 meters to prevent wind from damaging the plastic film and affecting the heat preservation effect.

Planting method of potato

1, scientific seedling release: potato seedlings grow 1 ~ 2 leaves. Seedlings can be released when there is no cold wave. Draw a cross-shaped hole in the mulch film, lead the seedlings out of the mulch film, and then grab a handful of fine soil to seal the mulch film around the seedlings, which is convenient for heat preservation and moisture retention.

2. Fertilizer and water management: intertillage and weed in time after potato fully germinates, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate or micro-fertilizer 1 ~ 2 times on the leaves in bud stage, supplement phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and trace elements, and remove them in time when buds are formed and inflorescences are drawn out.

3. Combination of promotion and control: When the aboveground part of potato grows excessively, it will affect the expansion of underground tuber. Pay attention to control the aboveground parts, and use 50 ~ 80g of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder per mu, and mix it with 45kg of water and spray it evenly on the leaves.

4. Timely harvest: When potatoes are sold as vegetables, we should seize the opportunity of early listing and high value, and harvest them early after flowering. Although the output is low, the output value is high. Potatoes for other purposes are harvested after they are fully ripe, so that the highest yield can be obtained.

5, pest control

① Ring rot: Ring rot is harmful to potato growth. If it happens in a large area, it will lead to reduced production or no harvest. Therefore, it is necessary to cut off the ring rot from the source, choose disease-free potatoes, and pay attention to disinfection knives when cutting into pieces to avoid cross-infection.

② Viral disease: Viral disease is an infectious virus. At the initial stage of the disease, 300 times of anti-toxin (0.5% mushroom proteoglycan aqueous solution) or 500 times of 20% virus A wettable powder can be sprayed for chemical control.

③ Ladybug: spraying 80% trichlorfon wettable powder or 80% dichlorvos EC 65,438+0,000 times, 2.5% mirex EC and 65,438+00% cypermethrin EC 3000 times, and spraying 65,438+0 times every 65,438+00 days can kill.

④ Underground pests: underground pests such as grubs, grubs and cutworms. 2 ~ 3kg of 3% phorate granules are used per mu to prepare toxic soil according to the ratio of pesticide to soil of 65,438+0: 65,438+00, which is evenly spread on the soil surface and applied during soil preparation.

High-yield cultivation techniques of potato

Select improved varieties

Selection of improved varieties is an important link in potato high-yield cultivation. The research shows that the contribution rate of excellent varieties of bell potato and its high-quality virus-free seed potato to potato yield is about 60%. Virus-free seed potato has the advantages of early emergence, strong plants, swollen leaves, developed roots, strong stress resistance and great yield-increasing potential. Therefore, all virus-free G2 and G3 generations must be selected in production.

Land selection and preparation

Potato is a crop that cannot tolerate continuous cropping. The plot where potatoes are planted should be a plot where potatoes and other solanaceae crops have not been planted for three years. Potato is very sensitive to continuous cropping, and continuous cropping must be avoided in production. If potatoes are planted continuously on a piece of land, it will not only cause serious diseases, such as bacterial wilt, but also cause imbalance of soil nutrients, especially some trace elements, resulting in poor growth, short plants, low yield and poor quality of potatoes. The effect of potato rotation with corn, wheat and other plants is better.

Potato tuber expansion needs loose and fertile soil. Therefore, it is best to choose sandy loam with flat terrain, good irrigation conditions, good drainage, deep plough layer and loose soil for planting potatoes. After the previous harvest, deep ploughing and fine harrowing should be carried out, and then the border should be made. The width and height of the boundary depend on the topography and soil moisture. If the terrain is high and the drainage is good, it can be used as a wide edge; If the terrain is low and the drainage is not smooth, it should be regarded as a narrow side or a high side.

Apply sufficient base fertilizer

Potatoes form a large number of stems, leaves and tubers during the growing period, so they need more nutrients. Of the three elements of fertilizer, potassium is the most needed, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Applying sufficient base fertilizer plays an important role in improving potato yield. The base fertilizer of potato should account for 3/5 or 2/3 of the total fertilizer consumption. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer such as compost and human and animal manure, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. General fertilizer applicator 1000- 1500 kg, calcium superphosphate 15-25 kg, plant ash 100- 150 kg. Apply base fertilizer in the soil layer below 10 cm in combination with border planting or digging holes to facilitate plant absorption and loosen potato layer. When sowing, 20-30 tons of decomposed human and animal manure or 5-8 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer are used as seed fertilizer per mu to make seedlings emerge quickly and orderly and promote the robust growth of seedlings.

Potato seed treatment

1, select seed potato.

On the basis of selecting improved varieties, two healthy seed potatoes with regular appearance, typical characteristics of this variety, smooth skin, bright color and weight of 1-2 were selected as seeds. When selecting seed potatoes, the tubers with cracked epidermis, deformity, sharp tip, necrotic bud eyes, diseased navel or black rot should be strictly excluded.

2. Slice the whole potato and remove the seeds.

Cutting planting seed potato can promote oxygen exchange inside and outside the tuber, break dormancy and germinate and emerge early. However, when cutting into pieces, it is easy to spread diseases through knife cutting, resulting in rotten seeds, lack of seedlings or increasing the incidence rate in the field and accelerating the degradation of varieties. Cutting into pieces is too big, and the amount of seeds is large. Generally, it is advisable to cut it into 20-30g. Cut vertically when cutting into pieces, so that each piece has a bud eye with a top advantage. When cutting into pieces, the diseased potatoes should be removed, and the cutting tools should be strictly disinfected to prevent the spread of the disease.

Sowing small whole potatoes can avoid knife-borne diseases, and the small whole potatoes have strong viability and drought resistance. After sowing, the seedlings emerge early and orderly, and the number of buds, main stems and tubers per hole increases. Therefore, the effect of preventing diseases and increasing production is obvious by using about 25 grams of robust small potatoes as seeds. However, small potatoes generally have short growth period, low maturity, long dormancy period and tend to premature aging in the later stage. In cultivation, we should master the appropriate density, do a good job of accelerating germination, increase the application of potassium fertilizer and cooperate with the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, so as to give full play to the production potential of small potatoes as seeds.

Step 3 accelerate germination

Accelerating germination is an important measure to prevent diseases and increase production in potato cultivation. Accelerating germination before sowing can promote early maturity and increase yield. At the same time, in the process of accelerating germination, diseased potatoes can be eliminated, the rate of diseased plants in the field can be reduced, or seedlings are missing or broken after sowing, which is beneficial to the whole seedling. Method of accelerating germination: Seed potato and sand are placed alternately in layers, with a thickness of about 3-4 layers, and kept at the optimum temperature of about 20℃ and in a state of frequent humidity. Seed potato can germinate in about 10 day. When accelerating germination, soaking seed potatoes in 0.5- 1ppm gibberellin solution or 0. 1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for10-0/5 minutes or 2% thiourea for 20 minutes can improve the effect of accelerating germination.

Start sowing at the right time

The important condition for determining the suitable sowing date of potato is the temperature in the growth period. In principle, the peak period of potato should be kept at the daily average temperature 15-25℃. The longer the period suitable for the continuous growth of tubers, the higher the total weight. Most of them are planted after harvesting in late rice or middle rice. Autumn potato should be sown in late September to late June at 65438+1October, and winter potato should be sown in late February at 65438+February to1mid-October at 65438+1October.

rational close planting

The yield factor of potato is the product of the number of plants per unit area and the yield per plant. The yield per plant is determined by the number of tubers per plant and the weight of a single potato. However, there is a contradiction between group yield increase and single plant yield increase. When the number of plants per unit area increases, the yield per plant decreases correspondingly, both of which depend on planting density. In a certain density range, the yield of population increases with the increase of density; The yield per plant decreased with the increase of density. Therefore, the coordination and unity of two contradictory factors, population yield and individual yield, must be considered in determining the density. If the density is small, although the individual plant develops well and the yield is high, the yield is not high because the total number of plants per unit area is small and there are few potatoes. If the density is too large, although the total number of plants is large, the weight of a single potato is very low and the yield is not high. Therefore, reasonable close planting is to make the population structure in unit area reasonable, which can not only make individuals develop well, but also give full play to the role of population in increasing production, so as to make full use of light energy and soil fertility and obtain high yield. Considering the coordinated development of population and individuals, under the general cultivation level, there are about 6000 potatoes per mu, and 2-3 stems per plant are more suitable.

Tiantuan management

1, check the seedlings and make up the seedlings

After the potato is in full bloom, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time. If there are any missing seedlings, it is necessary to replenish them in time to ensure the whole seedlings. The method of replanting seedlings is: when sowing, plant the extra potato chips in the field for replanting seedlings. When replanting seedlings, if there are diseased potatoes and rotten potatoes in the hole, the diseased potatoes and the surrounding soil should be dug up before replanting seedlings. When the soil is dry, after applying a small amount of fertilizer, dig holes and water seedlings to reduce the delay time of seedlings and resume growth as soon as possible. If there are no spare seedlings, you can choose the holes with multiple seedlings from the rows where the seedlings emerge in the field, and break off the redundant seedlings from the base of the mother potato block for transplanting and replanting.

2, intertillage and soil cultivation

Tillering can make the potato layer soil loose and breathable, which is beneficial to root growth, stolon elongation and tuber expansion. Before emergence, if the soil surface becomes hard, loosen the soil to facilitate emergence. The first intertillage should be carried out in time after the seedlings are fully sown, with a depth of 8- 10 cm, combined with weeding, and the second intertillage should be carried out 10- 15 days after the first intertillage, which should be slightly shallow. When budding, the third tillage is shallower than the second tillage. Combined with soil tillage, the thickness of soil tillage should not exceed 10 cm, so as to thicken the potato layer, avoid the exposure of potato pieces and reduce the quality.

3. Surface treatment

Potatoes take a long time from sowing to emergence. After potato emergence, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as soon as possible to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. In bud stage, soil cultivation and topdressing are combined, and potato fertilizer is applied at one time, mainly potassium fertilizer, combined with nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer applied depends on plant growth. Fertilization is generally not applied after flowering. If fertilization and premature aging occur in the later stage, phosphorus and potassium can be used or combined with trace elements for foliar spraying.

4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases

There are many diseases of potato, such as virus disease, late blight, bacterial wilt, ring rot, scab, cancer and so on. Late blight mostly occurs in rainy season and around flowering period of plants. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of Bordeaux mixture or Rifamycin as soon as possible. At present, it is difficult to control bacterial wilt with chemical agents. The main control methods are reasonable rotation, selection of disease-resistant varieties and using small whole potatoes as seeds.

The main pests of potato are ladybug, soil silkworm, aphid, grub, mole cricket and so on, which can be controlled by chemical agents or artificial killing.

Efficacy and function of potato

1. Supplementary nutrition: Potatoes are rich in vitamins, calcium, potassium and other trace elements, which are easy to digest and absorb. They are nutritious and can provide a lot of heat energy for human body. People can only rely on potatoes and whole milk to maintain their lives and health. In Europe and America, especially in North America, potatoes have long been the second staple food.

2, nourishing the stomach: the tender cellulose contained in potatoes has no stimulating effect on gastrointestinal mucosa, and has the effect of relieving pain or reducing gastric acid secretion. Eating potatoes often has the functions of regulating stomach, regulating middle energizer, invigorating spleen and benefiting qi, promoting the digestive function of spleen and stomach, treating gastric ulcer, hot cough and skin eczema, and preventing colon cancer.

3. Protecting blood vessels: Potatoes can supply a large amount of mucin with special protective function to human body, which can promote the lubrication of digestive tract, respiratory tract, joint cavity and serous cavity, prevent the fat deposition of cardiovascular system, maintain the elasticity of blood vessels and help prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis.

4. Anti-aging: Potato is a famous anti-aging food, which is rich in B vitamins such as vitamin B 1, B2, B6, pantothenic acid and a lot of high-quality cellulose. It also contains trace elements, amino acids, protein, fat, high-quality starch and other nutrients. People who often eat potatoes are healthy and slow to age.

5. Weight loss effect: Potato is a kind of food rich in dietary fiber, which is rare and contains a lot of vitamins and minerals. Every 148g of potato produces only 100 calories, and the real starch content is less than 2%, only containing 0. 1% fat, which can effectively control the total fat intake in people's daily diet.

6, beauty and skin care: potatoes have a good role in caring for the skin and maintaining the face. Fresh potato juice directly applied to the face has a very significant whitening effect. People's skin is easy to get sunburned and tanned in hot summer, which has obvious freckle removing effect and no side effects, and also has obvious cosmetic effect on the skin around the eyes.

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