Efficacy and function of rhubarb

The efficacy and function of Chinese medicine rhubarb, speaking of Chinese medicine rhubarb, everyone should be familiar with it. Rhubarb is a common Chinese herbal medicine in life. Rhubarb is rich in trace elements and has many effects on human body. Let me share with you the efficacy and function of rhubarb, and interested friends will come and learn about it quickly.

Effects of rhubarb1i. on digestive system.

1, vent.

Rhubarb decoction has obvious laxative effect, which is influenced by temperature and time. Its hot water extract is concentrated under acidic or alkaline conditions or under reduced pressure at 50℃, and its diarrhea effect is not affected. The purgative effect of boiling water bath at atmospheric pressure is only 1/3 of that of the original extract. With the increase of heating time, the laxative effect is weakened. There are about 20 kinds of purgative components in rhubarb, including anthraquinones, diananthrone and its glycosides, among which the main purgative component is diananthrone compound & sennoside. The purgative activities of sennosides A, B, C, D, E and F are similar. The effect of 8- glucose rhein anthrone is also very strong; Anthraquinone compounds 8- glucose aloe-emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein and 8- glucose rhein are weak. Chrysophanol, emodin and physcion have almost no purgative activity. To sum up, anthrone or anthraquinone has stronger effect, and diananthrone-sennoside has the strongest effect. The purgative mechanism is that the effective components of rhubarb are metabolized by bacteria into bioactive metabolites in the digestive tract, which play a purgative role. Further studies have proved that 99% of the flora in the digestive tract of mammals are anaerobic bacteria, and some of them, such as Clostridium cuneatum, have β -glucosidase activity. When cultured with sennoside, with the growth of bacteria, the amount of sennoside A decreased, and at the same time, anthrone 8- gluconate increased, reaching the peak at 12 hours, and then rapidly decreased. Therefore, the dimer of anthraquinone glycoside-sennoside is cracked into monomer 8- rhein anthrone under the action of reductase, which is hydrolyzed into rhein anthrone by β -glucosidase and then oxidized into sennoside. These metabolites can directly stimulate the local or submucosal nerve plexus of the large intestine to strengthen peristalsis, and at the same time, by inhibiting Na+ and K+-ATPase, the water absorption is reduced by 45% compared with normal, thus producing volumetric diarrhea. Another way of purgative action of rhubarb is that sennoside is absorbed by small intestine, converted into aglycone by liver, and then stimulates pelvic plexus to cause peristalsis of large intestine, causing diarrhea. At the same time, a part of blood as prototype or aglycone is transported to large intestine, which stimulates submucosal plexus and nerve plexus of deep muscle, or auerbach's plexus, which makes intestinal peristalsis hyperactive and causes diarrhea.

2, cholagogic effect.

Injecting rhubarb decoction into the duodenum of anesthetized dogs can increase bile secretion and reduce the tension of Oddi sphincter. The secretion of bile and pancreatic juice increased and the activity of pancreatic amylase decreased within 30 minutes after rhubarb decoction or hydroalcoholic extract was given to the duodenum of anesthetized rats. Rhubarb can not only promote bile secretion, but also increase the content of bilirubin and bile acid. When people take rhubarb decoction 15g, the gallbladder is obviously enlarged. It is consistent with the results of animal experiments.

3, protect the liver.

Rhubarb has obvious protective effect on experimental liver injury. The SGPT of CCl4-induced liver injury in mice increased as high as 665,438 06 and 0 U/65,438 000 ml, while that of the normal control group was 289 u/65438±000ml ml. After rhubarb treatment, SGPT decreased to 325 and 3U/ 100ml, and the necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes were lighter than those in the control group. Further study found that rhubarb could significantly reverse the fatty infiltration and fibrosis of liver tissue caused by carbon tetrachloride, the swelling of microsomes, the obvious decrease of cristae and the destruction of ribosomes by rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, it can also restore the decrease of monoamine oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activities caused by carbon tetrachloride. It shows that rhubarb has preventive and therapeutic effects on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride. In vitro experiments show that rhubarb decoction has obvious inhibitory effect on HBsAg and emodin, and the effect is weakened or disappeared after tannin removal. At the same time, it is also proved that rhein and emodin have no inhibitory effect on HBsAg.

4. Anti-gastric and duodenal ulcer.

Two experimental gastric ulcer models, stress and pyloric ligation, were used in rats. It is observed that raw rhubarb, rhubarb stewed with wine and rhubarb charcoal have preventive and therapeutic effects on stress gastric ulcer bleeding. It can obviously reduce the bleeding area and the number of bleeding foci, and the effect is similar to that of cimetidine. Taking rhubarb powder suspension in rats with pyloric ligation gastric ulcer can reduce the ulcer area, gastric juice volume, gastric juice free acid and pepsin activity, but rhubarb stew with wine has no such effect. The model experiment of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury showed that rhubarb decoction 1g/kg, 0, 5g/kg, 0 and 25g/kg had obvious protective effect on gastric mucosa, and could increase the contents of prostaglandin E2 and PGE2 in gastric wall, thus preventing ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury.

5. Effect on intestinal smooth muscle.

Electrophysiological studies show that rhubarb has obvious excitatory effect on colonic electrical activity, which is characterized by cluster discharge, and the peak frequency, amplitude and contraction activity are obviously increased. Atropine can block the exciting effect of rhubarb on colon. Prevent the colon from absorbing water, accelerate the discharge of dissolved substances in the colon, and play its purgative role. It is suggested that the purgative effect of rhubarb is exerted through intestinal M receptor.

Second, the role of pathogenic microorganisms.

1, antibacterial.

Rhubarb has a wide antibacterial spectrum. The sensitive bacteria are Staphylococcus albus, lemon color, golden yellow, hemolytic streptococci A and B, Mycobacterium phlei, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli, human tuberculosis, gonococcus and Echinococcus, especially Staphylococcus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Among the antibacterial active ingredients, rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin have the strongest antibacterial effects. Rhubarb can inhibit Bacteroides fragilis, a kind of intestinal anaerobic bacteria, which can decompose complex bile acids into free bile acids, enhance the stimulation to mucosa, and lead to cholecystitis. The mechanism of antibacterial action is mainly to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell nucleic acid and egg white and sugar metabolism.

2. Antifungal drugs.

Rhubarb decoction and its water, alcohol and ether extracts have inhibitory effects on some pathogenic fungi in vitro. It is highly sensitive to Xu Lan broad bean and Mongolian varieties, Trichophyton concentric, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton purpurea, Microsporum ferruginosum, Trichophyton megasporum, Trichophyton floccosum and Trichophyton interphalangeal. Dilute alcohol extract is more effective than water or ether extract.

3. Antivirus.

Rhubarb decoction has a strong inhibitory effect on influenza virus. The minimum effective dose was determined to be 5mg embryo by chicken embryo semi-in-vivo screening method. In addition, it also has a certain inhibitory effect on Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Third, anti-tumor effect.

Intraperitoneal injection of rhein and emodin has a strong inhibitory effect on melanoma in mice. Rhein also has an inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, but it has no obvious effect on sarcoma S 180 and subcutaneous Ehrlich carcinoma. Emodin also has an inhibitory effect on breast adenocarcinoma, and its mechanism is mainly to inhibit oxidative dehydrogenation of cancer cells. Rhein can also inhibit the glycolysis of cancer cells.

Fourth, anti-inflammatory effect.

Rhubarb has obvious inhibitory effect on experimental inflammation in many animals. Oral rhubarb decoction in mice can significantly inhibit acute exudative inflammation of mouse auricle caused by croton oil. At the same time, it can inhibit the paw swelling of rats caused by formaldehyde, the paw swelling of rats caused by egg white and the proliferation of cotton ball granuloma in mice and rats. However, the effect of braised rhubarb and rhubarb charcoal is weak, which may be due to the loss of effective components and the destruction of effective components by braised rhubarb charcoal. The anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb may be to block cyclooxygenase pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, increase the production of hydroxyarachidonic acid and activate lipase pathway to achieve anti-inflammatory effect. Experimental research shows that the anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb is not through pituitary-adrenal system, because adrenalectomy does not affect its anti-inflammatory effect, on the contrary, it does not reduce the content of ascorbic acid in adrenal gland, and rhubarb decoction can not prolong the survival time of underage rats after adrenalectomy and prevent compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral adrenal gland after adrenalectomy. Therefore, rhubarb has no adrenocortical hormone-like effect.

5. Influence on microcirculation.

After the ethanol extract of rhubarb was given to mice, it had no obvious effect on the diameter of auricular microcirculation artery and vein, but it could slow down the blood flow and appear granular red fine cell aggregates, especially in venules. Local drip can not change the mesenteric microvascular contraction caused by adrenaline, and has no obvious expansion of gastric arterioles and venules, but has obvious particle flow, especially venules. The effects of rhubarb on microcirculation are mainly slow blood flow, red blood cell aggregation, local blood viscosity increase and local blood vessels do not dilate, so the local hemostasis process is strengthened.

Sixth, stop bleeding.

Rhubarb has been used for hemostasis for a long time, especially in recent years. Various animal experiments have proved that rhubarb can obviously shorten the bleeding and coagulation time, and its hemostatic effective components are chrysophanol, emodin methyl ether, α -catechuic acid and gallic acid. They reduce vascular permeability, improve brittleness, excite local blood vessels in gastrointestinal tract, inhibit pepsin activity, significantly increase fibrinogen activity, decrease anticoagulant factor III activity, increase α2 macroglobulin content, and competitively inhibit plasmin and plasminogen activator activity. Gallic acid can also reduce fibrinolytic activity. In addition, it can also increase the adhesion and aggregation ability of platelets and obviously shorten the bleeding and coagulation time.

Seven, lipid-lowering effect.

For experimental hypercholesterolemia, rhubarb alcohol or water extract can significantly reduce serum total cholesterol, while petroleum ether extract is ineffective.

Eight, diuretic effect.

After oral administration of emodin and rhein 30mg/kg for 2-4 hours, urine volume, sodium excretion and potassium excretion reached the peak, which was significantly higher than that of the control group. Aloe emodin and chrysophanol have weak effects. Cinnamon, rhein and aloe-emodin have strong competitive inhibitory effects on Na+ and K+-ATPase in renal medulla.

Nine, the influence on urea nitrogen.

Rats were fed with 0% or 75% glandular-human ⅲ feed to establish chronic renal insufficiency model. Intraperitoneal injection of normal saline solution of duck yellow water extract can significantly reduce hematuria nitrogen and creatinine, indicating that rhubarb has a good effect on azotemia. On the one hand, rhubarb can reduce amino nitrogen absorbed by intestine, on the other hand, it can inhibit the decomposition of protein, thus reducing the contents of urea nitrogen and creatinine in blood. Acute toxic nephritis in guinea pigs was induced by subcutaneous injection of mercuric dichloride, and urea nitrogen could be reduced by irrigation with rhubarb water solution.

Efficacy and function of rhubarb 2 1 moistening intestine and relaxing bowels

Rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a certain purgative effect. After taking it, it can moisten the intestines and relieve constipation and clean the stomach. Usually, people can directly treat constipation with rhubarb, or they can take rhubarb alone or together with traditional Chinese medicines such as Magnolia Officinalis, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Natrii Sulfas.

2. Clearing heat and purging fire, cooling blood and stopping bleeding

Clearing heat and purging fire, cooling blood and stopping bleeding are also important functions of rhubarb. When people have common adverse symptoms such as vomiting blood, hemoptysis and hematochezia, they can be used together with rhubarb. In addition, people can also use rhubarb to treat swelling and pain caused by blood heat, and the treatment effect is quite excellent.

Step 3 clear away heat and toxic materials

Rhubarb can clear away heat and detoxify. Generally, it can be used to treat human heat toxic ulcers. It can be used in combination with traditional Chinese medicines such as honeysuckle and dandelion for clearing away heat and toxic materials. In addition, people can also treat intestinal abscess and abdominal pain with rhubarb, but it needs to be used together with Chinese herbal medicines such as peach kernel and mirabilite.

Step 4 treat burns

Rhubarb can clear away heat and toxic materials, and it can also relieve inflammation and pain. It also has a good therapeutic effect on human scald. During treatment, rhubarb can be ground into fine powder and directly applied to the affected area, or rhubarb can be mixed with Sanguisorba officinalis powder and mixed with sesame oil and directly applied to the affected area, which can reduce swelling and relieve pain and prevent infection in the affected area.