What will the future 5g era look like?

What will the future 5g era look like?

What will the future 5g era look like? The use of the network has actually become an indispensable part of our lives. In many aspects It needs to rely on the network. Nowadays, 5g is also active on various major platforms. Here is what the future 5g era will look like. What will the future 5G era look like 1

To talk about 5G, we must first understand what electromagnetic waves are.

Electromagnetic waves

In daily life, except for atoms and electrons, almost all the rest are electromagnetic waves; infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, mobile phone signals, this radiation, that radiation, etc. . As long as it is related to waves, there will be three parameters: wave speed, wavelength, and amplitude; the speed of electromagnetic waves is constant, which is often called the speed of light. Then there are only two variables: wavelength and amplitude; when the amplitude does not consider the direction, the only thing affected is the wavelength, which is often called the frequency. This frequency is too important for the wavelength.

The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and the higher the energy, such as a microwave oven; it has fast attenuation speed, poor penetration, less scattering, and great harm to the human body. This is the basic rule of electromagnetic waves. Let’s write it down in a notebook first.

Classification of electromagnetic waves

A long electromagnetic wave has a wavelength of hundreds of millions of meters and a frequency of 3HZ, which is 3 waves per second. If used in communications, in one sentence it is estimated It takes a year.

A submarine travels under the sea. What frequency does it use for communication? The wavelength of this electromagnetic wave must be tens of thousands of meters. Only by using this communication can we ensure stability, pass through mountains and rivers, and penetrate seawater dozens of meters deep (seawater is conductive and is the nemesis of electromagnetic waves). However, the frequency is really low, and the information content it carries is limited. It takes half an hour to send a greeting.

The wavelengths of radio, broadcast, and telegraph communications are even shorter, about tens of meters long. The frequency is generally in the million hertz level, and the distance can be hundreds of kilometers. This It's much better than the submarine, he speaks eloquently, and the content of information is quite good.

Well, let me tell you a way to survive. If you are thrown on a desert island, if you happen to have a rescue aircraft, the civilian emergency call frequency is 121.5MHZ; there is also a military one. 243MHZ, this is an unencrypted public frequency. It can be received within a few hundred kilometers. When Wanwan and Rabbit's military planes met in the Strait, they used this frequency to talk. As a result, they were recorded by radio enthusiasts and posted online. It became a pleasure for netizens to get up close and personal with the front line of the battle.

If the wavelength is shorter, it will be in the range of 1cm-1M, which is particularly interesting. The first is that the attenuation is not particularly weak, and electromagnetic waves can still travel for hundreds of kilometers; the second is that the frequency has reached the GHZ range, and the information content has increased exponentially. Not only can I speak fluently, , and can also perform encryption and so on. Therefore, this band is the key to communications, such as 1G2G3G4G, satellite communications, and radar communications are all gathered here. Full name: Microwave Communications.

Below is the millimeter wave. This electromagnetic wave is attenuated very much. Although it is not very divergent, it is easily reflected or absorbed by the surrounding materials. It has no penetrability. It is really bad for communication. , but it can’t handle the large amount of information, and the frequency exceeds 30GHZ. Let alone making calls, you can use it for multi-point real-time video communication. So, 5G is here.

Further down is micron. There is nothing wrong with this increase in information content, but the wavelength of 0.7 micron is visible light. It is too difficult to use visible light for communication. If you want to develop 7G8G, you will not be able to continue this routine. There is no way, the penetrability is not good. So there is laser communication. Well, the transmitting point and the receiving point must be aimed, and there must be no obstacles in between. This is the optical fiber.

The frequency of electromagnetic waves

The wavelength is going down, to 0.3 microns, which is 300 nanometers. At this point, it is ultraviolet; this is finally To the point where it is harmful to the human body. The proportion of ultraviolet rays in sunlight has reached about 4. If someone tells you next time that communication signals are harmful to the human body, just tell them not to bask in the sun. Compared with electromagnetic wave radiation, the radiation of communication signals can almost be ignored (electromagnetic wave radiation). Except for *** Zhen, which ordinary people cannot contact).

Ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 200 nanometers is almost absent in sunlight. When the sun is bright, it can be used to supplement laser communications. The concealment is not very strong, and the transmission is good. It is very useful for military purposes.

The wavelengths go down to the nanometer level. This is commonly seen in hospital X-rays. This thing has super penetrating power. Of course, it is impossible to use it in communications.

If it goes down further, it is 0.01 nanometers. Don’t dare to mess with this. Gamma rays come from nuclear radiation, one of the strongest forms of energy known in the universe! If you want to destroy a planet, gamma rays are a good choice. In fact, current scientists have been suspecting that the gamma rays produced by supernova explosions destroyed a large number of cosmic civilizations, and the earth escaped just because it was in a corner.

We have all learned about this wavelength, let’s return to microwave communication.

Why does the higher the frequency, the more information it carries? We know that the transmission method of information is represented by a string of 1s and 0s, so electromagnetic waves are no exception.

The first way is "amplitude modulation", which in vernacular means adjusting the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave. A large amplitude represents 1, and a small amplitude represents 0; It's AM amplitude modulation on the radio. This is the method. It has many disadvantages.

The second solution is "frequency modulation". The method is to adjust the frequency, such as using dense frequencies to represent 1, and using loose frequencies to represent 0; FM frequency modulation in the radio is this solution, and it has advantages over AM. Much more.

Obviously, in unit time, the more waves are emitted, the more 1s and 0s can be represented, or in other words, the higher the frequency, the more information it carries.

Theoretically, if the 800W waves generated per second at a frequency of 800MHZ are used to represent 1 and 0, 100M of data can be transmitted in 1 second. This speed is so impressive. Why didn't we use it?

We have to mention loss. Communication needs to cross thousands of mountains and rivers. It is not normal to lose some 1s and 0s in the middle. In order to prevent information distortion, our scientists let This group of 1s and 0s are in a group. For example, use 1,000 consecutive 1's to represent 1, so that even if half of it is lost on the road, we can still recognize it, right? This method is generally used in civil communications because the characteristics are obvious and easy to recognize. Very easy to crack. Now we look back and say that the civilian Beidou satellite signal has been cracked. This is not surprising.

After all, civilian signals are commonly used by the public. As long as they can be distinguished from other signals, they will not be made particularly complicated, otherwise the transmission efficiency will be too low. Like 2G technology, it uses a frequency of 800MHZ and transmits tens of kilobytes per second.

If it is for military use, it has to be said separately. In order to prevent it from being cracked, a bunch of super complex combinations are used to represent 1 and 0, with a bunch of useless information and various jumps in between. Spread spectrum technology requires changing various combinations. Anyway, it is just a mess to see who can stun whom first. So it creates a phenomenon, the same as saying hello, military communication uses N multiple levels more 1 and 0 than civilian use, and in order to ensure the efficiency of transmission, military frequency is N levels higher than civilian use.

For now, top cracking technology cannot defeat top encryption technology, let alone quantum communication technology that is gradually maturing.

Since this military confrontation cannot be fought, what should we do? It is impossible to give in. What should I do? Since you can't do it, I'll simply add some ingredients to you and give you a bunch of 1's and 0's to mess up your original combination and make your own people look confused. This is what is often called an electronic pairing pit in the military.

Um, are we digressing from the topic? Let’s get back to the topic and continue talking about 5G.

What I mentioned above are all the basic principles of communication. Let’s talk about some key technologies below. There are a lot of opinions on the key technologies of 5G. Let’s make a simple classification first.

Three key technologies

In the oscillating circuit, we can insert an antenna to generate electromagnetic waves, change the frequency or amplitude of the electromagnetic waves in specific ways, and form various complex combinations , this process is called modulation. Correspondingly, by erecting an antenna, we can receive electromagnetic waves in the air, and according to a specific method, we can change them back to the corresponding 1 and 0. This process is called demodulation.

To emit electromagnetic waves into the air, or to receive electromagnetic waves in the air, an antenna is needed. Our mobile phones also use antennas. Mobile phones cannot communicate directly with each other, but communicate with other mobile phones through surrounding base stations. The problem is that the current 5G communication uses millimeter waves, which are seriously attenuated in the air. However, After all, it is for civilian use, so we cannot increase the transmitting power without limit. What should we do? I can only think of a solution on the antenna.

The first key technology of 5G is here, large-scale antenna matrix array.

To put it simply, we need to increase the number of antennas. If one or two antennas are not enough, we will build hundreds of antennas at once. This idea is easy to understand, but there is also a trouble, that is, using so many antennas to transmit a signal at the same time, if you are not careful, it will become a mess.

Multiple antennas plus millimeter waves, compared with the original few antennas plus centimeter waves, the physical characteristics of this radio transmission are different, and a new channel model is re-established. How to build this model? Well, the character space is limited, so I’ll leave it to the experts, so I won’t list it in detail here.

With more antennas, not only the attenuation problem of millimeter waves is solved, but the transmission efficiency and anti-interference performance are also improved. This is a required course for 5G.

I think of the 256 large-scale antenna released by Datang Telecom, which I worked for indirectly in the past, in 2015. It dropped a nuclear bomb in the global communications industry, and it was extremely prosperous for a while! Unfortunately, we failed to keep up and ended up relying on selling scientific research buildings to survive.

Now that the antenna of the base station is fixed, it is time to solve the problem of the antenna of the terminal. This requires a brand-new technology: full-duplex technology.

General mobile phone communication antennas only have one, and messages are sent and received alternately. This means that one person has to both receive and send messages, which is a bit inefficient. Full-duplex technology is to separate the antenna for sending information and the antenna for receiving information, and receive and send information at the same time. This advantage will not be mentioned, but it is not that difficult to implement.

Imagine putting the microphone for sending messages and the speaker for receiving messages next to each other and letting them work normally. Do you think it is difficult? The solutions are generally divided into two. The first one is the physical solution. Add a wall between the two antennas to isolate the two, mainly using shielding materials; the second one is the technical solution. Process the signal, such as passive analog cancellation and other methods.

Huawei completed these two 5G key technologies in 2016. In 2016, Huawei’s official website announced that it had completed the first phase of 5G key technology verification in the field. Two of the key tests were large-scale antenna technology and full-scale antenna technology. Duplex technology.

Now that the antenna is done, the next step is "New Multiple Access Technology". This name will make you feel dizzy at first sight. Don't worry, we will explain it slowly.

Assume that the base station uses 100HZ to represent 1 and 105HZ to represent 0.

At this time, another call comes, so the 1 of this new call must be represented by 110HZ, and the 0 must be represented by 115HZ; push down from this. This is the concept of 1G network. FDMA for short

This shortcoming is very obvious. Two phones occupy the 100-115HZ frequency band. This occupied frequency band is called bandwidth. Even a layman can see that this thing takes up too much bandwidth. Fortunately, the bandwidth at that time was only for making a phone call. If you wanted to send a message or something, you would have to die. Gradually, everyone saw the benefits and more people used it, and this soon became insufficient. What to do? Upgrade.

In another way, we use 100HZ to represent 1 and 105HZ to represent 0, but we will use it for customer A in the first second, customer B in the second second, and customer C in the third second, and so on. Now, from a technical perspective, just 5HZ is enough for three people, but it’s just a little delayed. This is the concept of 2G, or TDMA for short.

Later, more and more people used it, and the 2G network could not meet the demand. The market tells us that where there is demand there is productivity; continue to play the same trick, add a serial code in front of each customer's signal to represent the customer's information, and then send the serial code together with the customer's information, so that the receiver only needs Just receive the serial code information corresponding to yourself. This is just like the old man delivering letters. He holds a pile of envelopes in his hand, and whoever's name is called just steps forward to take it. From then on, each mobile phone has its own corresponding serial code. This is called the 3G network, or CDMA for short.

Further development is orthogonal frequency multiple access technology, which combines two orthogonal signals that do not interfere with each other and send them out. This orthogonal signal is somewhat similar to the superposition state of quantum mechanics. The signals are superimposed and then sent out together. This is the idea of ????4G, referred to as OFDMA.

Each terminal has a unique address on the network, so this technology that allows many mobile phones to make calls at the same time can be used from 1G to 4G, collectively called multiple access technology. Of course 5G has to be a bit different, isn’t it? Let’s call it “new multiple access technology”. What’s so new about this guy?

Non-orthogonal multiple access, graph division multiple access, multi-user shared access,,, well, a lot of information, fortunately it is no longer in the telecommunications industry, otherwise I have to feel dizzy. The general idea is to superimpose more signals or mix the previous technologies together. The content of this technology is a bit high. If you are not in the telecommunications industry, just watch the excitement.

To achieve a peak rate of 10Gb/s, a link density of 1 million, and a delay of 1 millisecond, this 5G network must solve these three key technologies before it can move forward.

In 2016, Huawei verified "key technologies" during the first phase of testing. This key technology mainly verified the three major technologies. The new multiple access uses filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, sparse code multiple access, and polar codes. Combined with large-scale antennas, the throughput rate is increased by more than 10 times based on 4G. At the frequency of 100MHZ, the average throughput reaches 3.6GB/second; full-duplex uses passive analog cancellation and active analog The three frameworks of cancellation and digital cancellation achieve a self-interference elimination capability of 110DB and achieve a throughput gain of more than 90%.

In 2017, in the second phase of "Multiple Key Technology Integration Tests and Single Base Station Performance Tests", Huawei achieved a single-user downlink rate of over 6GB/s at a bandwidth of 200MHZ, with a peak value of Reaching 18GB/s, coupled with the first miniaturized 5G test terminal installed in the community, a single 5G base station can support hundreds of channels of ultra-high-definition 4K video at the same time.

In 2018, Huawei completed the third phase of "5G core network key technology and business process testing based on independent networking."

With these three tests, Huawei has drawn a perfect conclusion to 5G test verification.

In addition to these three key technologies, there are still many things that need to be done if our mobile phones are to form a network.

For example, the allocation of transmission resources is much more difficult than the traffic lights on the road. As long as one traffic light is not done well, sorry, the city will almost be paralyzed. Therefore, Huawei spent more than two years evolving independent networking tests with operators. There is also the problem of asymmetry between energy consumption and benefits in some areas. Energy consumption is too high and a large amount of resources are wasted. Base stations can only be shut down or put into hibernation. Wait for some basic requirements.

Chip

From the above we can see that the data to be processed by 5G has increased exponentially compared with 4G. Now all data is a matter of 0s and 1s. Things that use 0 and 1 basically use chips. Radio frequency chips are used to control electromagnetic wave emission, baseband chips are used for encoding and decoding, and other chips; these are also key technologies for 5G.

my country’s player in this field is, well, Huawei again; Huawei released its first 5G base station core chip in 2019: Tiangang; and the world’s first single-chip multi-mode 5G baseband chip: Barong 5000. As the number one player in China, it is inevitable to win N number one spots in the world.

There are many players making this modem chip; but the mainstream frequency of 5G is 28GHZ, and there are only 4 players capable of processing chips in this frequency band.

Qualcomm is the first player to start research; Samsung is the furthest, reaching 39GHZ; Huawei is the player with the most advanced technology; Intel is everywhere; Taiwan's MediaTek is also said to be there Damn it, I don’t know how far I’ve gone.

The Balong 5G01 chip released by Huawei in my country in 2018 was too large to be installed on a mobile phone. Therefore, in 2019, it launched the Balong 5000 for mobile phones, and also released the mobile phone processor Kirin chip and the server chip Kunpeng. This technology is also leveraged.

There are too many and too complex communication technologies. A relevant standard must be established so that everyone can play together in a circle. Let’s start talking about the 5G standard.

The first phase of the 5G standard was completed in 2018 and released in June, marking the release of the first truly complete international 5G standard. The remaining parts will be improved after 2019.

This standards conference has 50 companies participating in the first round, and there are 16 Chinese players, including Datang Telecom, China Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom, Huawei, Lenovo, ZTE, etc.; the United States 8 companies, 8 companies in Europe, 13 companies in Japan, and 5 companies in South Korea.

From a quantitative point of view, Chinese players are the largest; from a quality point of view, China is also at the forefront.

On the channel, Ou Meng’s Lokia code has always used turbo codes, American player Qualcomm has always used LDPC codes, and Huawei is good at polar codes. Therefore, Ou Meng's turbo technology was directly eliminated in the first round, and Ou Meng's players had to start learning LDPC and polar again;

Next is the battle between the two masters of Qualcomm and Huawei;

Channel coding is divided into "control channel coding" and "data channel coding". Qualcomm wants to use its LDPC technology for both; Huawei's solution is to use polar codes for the control channel and LDPC codes for the data channel.

Now comes the highlight. Lenovo voted against Huawei’s plan...

Of course, Lenovo’s vote had no impact on the outcome at that time. Because the differences were so big, it was only confirmed that the data channel would use the LDPC code that day, and the control channel would be discussed later.

When the second vote came, Qualcomm, Intel and others found 31 companies to form the LDPC camp and required the use of LDPC technology. Huawei has organized 55 companies, including Lenovo, to form the polar camp and require the use of polar technology. As you can imagine, Huawei won completely, and polar code became control channel coding, while LDPC was called data channel coding.

Later, this matter was revealed by netizens, and Lenovo also caused public outrage, and Huawei also carefully helped to solve the problem.

Well, by the way, the industry standards for 5G have not yet been released, and 5G still has some way to go before it can be fully matured.

Application scenarios

Because there are so many applications for 5G, the International Telecommunication Union later held the 22nd meeting of ITU-RWP5D to determine the application scenarios of 5G.

To sum up, there are only three sentences: 5G network speed is fast, the signal is wide, and the delay is low; but 5G is too advanced, and the changes brought by technology are beyond imagination. 5G is the cornerstone of full informatization. , can completely realize the boast of the Internet of Things: the Internet of Everything.

Just like the difference between 1G back then and 4G now, mobile phones back then were not at the same level as today’s mobile phones. Are you looking forward to it now? Come and join Huawei's R&D army. What will the future 5g era look like2

What is the focus of 5G?

What exactly is 5G? From a literal sense, it is not difficult for people to understand that it is the next generation technology after 4G. But what are the defining characteristics of 5G technology? Answering this question is not an easy task at present, because the industry has not fully reached a consensus on this.

Through the EU’s earliest 5G research project - METIS (Key Technologies in the Field of Wireless Mobile Communications to Build an Information Society in 2020), we may be able to have a relatively clear understanding of 5G. understanding. This project consists of 29 members, including global mainstream telecom operators such as France Telecom, Telefonica, and NTT DoCoMo, as well as mainstream telecom equipment manufacturers such as Ericsson, Huawei, and Alcatel-Lucent, and even BMW from the non-telecom industry. Group etc.

In view of the fact that global data traffic will increase 1,000 times compared with 2010 by 2022, the EU METIS project has set clear goals for 5G technology: in terms of capacity, 5G technology will achieve more mobile data traffic per unit area than 4G. Increased by 1,000 times; in terms of transmission rate, typical user data rates increase by 10 to 100 times, and the peak transmission rate can reach 10Gbps...

The most prominent highlight of 5G is that its capacity will be 1,000 times that of 4G Times", speed is not the key problem to be solved by 5G. In fact, since the beginning of the mobile broadband journey initiated by 3G, mobile data transmission rates have been continuously improving; today’s achieved rates of up to 1Gbps can already meet the needs of most mobile data services and applications.

“It is worth noting that increasing the speed will require very high complexity for the terminal,” emphasizing this challenge. After the speed is greatly increased, terminals will be difficult to design, and power consumption issues will once again challenge the terminal manufacturing industry. Because of this, I think: "Speed ??improvement is not necessarily necessary, but a possibility."

Focusing on more things other than speed is also the mentality of the EU METIS project team. Dr. Afif Osseiran, the overall leader of the project, said that the problem that 5G will solve will not only be the transmission rate, but also the different challenges from the massive growth of networked devices and the network requirements of different application scenarios. In fact, the industry has generally believed that simply increasing speed is meaningless because users' demand for speed will not increase indefinitely, or it is no longer the primary demand.

Where does the thousand-fold capacity come from?

Coping with the impact of the digital flood is the core demand of 5G and the fundamental driving force for 5G to achieve a capacity a thousand times that of 4G. So where does the thousand-fold capacity come from?

To achieve a thousand times capacity, innovative ideas are needed. In my opinion, we can first start from the management perspective to find more spectrum resources, such as reusing existing spectrum resources. The richer the spectrum resources, the easier it will be to increase capacity.

In this regard, Li Jiandong gave a vivid metaphor: "If a new expressway is added next to the existing expressway, it will definitely allow more vehicles to pass."

Reduce The area of ??each community, reducing the radius of the community, and increasing the network density to 10 times or even 20 times is another important direction.

It is worth noting that small base stations are expected to play an extremely important role in the 5G era, even the most important role. I pointed out that an important innovative concept in the 5G era is macro base stations with wide coverage in the future. For example, the existing macro base stations in the current 2G network are mainly used for management, and the real communication transmission is completed by small base stations, thereby realizing communication transmission and The separation of network management not only improves efficiency but also saves energy. The integration of networks and technologies will be the main theme of the 5G era. 5G will change the previous technology-centered model to one that is experience-centered and will meet the demand for explosive growth in data traffic through the integration of multiple wireless technologies and networks.

I described such an application scenario in the 5G era: Although the cellular network will continue to serve mobile phones, when the mobile phone is within the coverage of WLAN, the cellular network will cooperate with WLAN Provide "enhanced" data services for mobile phones; regardless of quad-core or eight-core, the processing power of a mobile phone is ultimately limited, but multiple mobile phones located in the same location can share the processing power and process the data together. The digital content is then transmitted to the mobile phone that needs to be used at a short distance.

In my opinion, the most ideal application scenario is that all network and processing resources around the terminal can be "picked up" according to the needs, that is, the resources and the terminal are completely new and dynamically bound, and the resources will "follow Terminal goes".

To realize this ideal application scenario, building a self-organizing network is an important direction, and this is the current research focus of Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology. The self-organizing network solves the difficulties caused by manual configuration of frequency and resources. "As long as the power problem is solved, the rest will be automatically completed by the network." For example, if data traffic in a specific location suddenly increases, the network will automatically allocate resources to support it.

5G is a brand new stage, and China is likely to win more applause on this stage. I think that on the one hand, Chinese users have more urgent needs for 5G. Chinese users have developed the habit of using data services. Chinese users have a stronger desire for digital life than foreign users. On the other hand, many current Huawei scientists are World-class scientists and information have also been fully shared. China's desire to create is stronger, and China's creative strength is also constantly improving. China's performance on the 5G stage will definitely be better than in the 4G era! What will the future 5G era look like 3

Is it necessary to use 5G now?

The development of 5G seems to be faster than we imagined. Currently, there are already 5G-supporting networks on the market. mobile phones, and operators in many regions have also opened the experience. At present, the 5G network has not been officially commercialized, and consumers are just stuck at this point of upgrading from 4G to 5G networks. Many people who want to change their mobile phones this year have encountered difficulties. , for now, or in the next year, do ordinary consumers need to buy 5G mobile phones? Let’s analyze them one by one.

The current 5G mobile phone options are very few. The only one you can buy now is the Huawei Mate 20X 5G version (the Mate 20X was released 12 months ago. There are no changes this year, it is just a simple addition. 5G network support), the soon-to-be-released Mate 30 (snap-up is expected to be available by the end of the year), iQOO Pro 5G, Samsung Note 10 5G, etc., there are only five or six models, and the new iPhone models that have received relatively high attention do not support 5G. Yes, if you are asked to spend money to buy any one of these, it may not be the one you like, so you might as well use what you have on hand first.

The current 5G network is actually not significantly improved for daily use. The 5G that we consumers know only supports speed improvements. Every time we talk about 5G, we are talking about How fast it is, because 5G is currently not popular and the corresponding application scenarios have not yet come out, so when you buy it, it is just a simple speed increase, and the novelty will disappear in a day or two. Think back to when 4G came out, wasn't it the same? After 4G became popular, matching applications such as short videos and live broadcasts appeared, so everyone felt that there was indeed an improvement.

The current signal coverage of 5G is very sparse. Judging from the current published data, only 11 cities in China can experience 5G network. The list is: Beijing, Shanghai , Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, and Shenyang, there are only 11 of them. There are many more well-known provincial capital cities that rank higher and have not yet put forward construction plans. If you don’t live in In the 11 cities mentioned above, buying a 5G mobile phone will be of no use to you. According to the timetable, only the most basic coverage will be achieved in 2020-2021.

The current price of 5G mobile phones is not cheap. Huawei’s costs more than 6,000, Samsung’s costs 7,999, and even the cheapest iQOO costs 3,798. It is more luxurious to consume, and the price of Android phones has dropped sharply. After half a year, it is basically worthless. So looking at the current 4G mobile phone market, the prices are much more affordable, and there is no need to differentiate the price because of network support issues, whether it is an entry-level phone with a price of less than 1,000 yuan, or a phone with a price of 1,000-2,000 yuan. , there are also higher-priced flagship phones, their networks are all Netcom, there is basically no difference.

The most important point is that many people have learned about the current NSA networking of 5G. This is not 5G in the true sense. At this stage, NSA networking is faster than SA and can Let consumers experience the download speed of 5G as soon as possible. However, the SA standard has not yet been formulated. Samsung also revealed at the Note10 launch conference that the SA networking standard will not be formulated until mid-2020. By then, the standard After confirmation, the so-called SA-supporting mobile phones that have been released cannot be used under the new standard. The physical layer is fundamentally different. Even if you buy it now, you will still have to replace it when the time comes.