Please name the four ancient civilizations, their birthplaces and their representative cultural achievements.

The birthplace is the first waterfall from Luohe to the delta. The hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt began to appear in the second half of 4000 BC, which is one of the oldest characters in the world. It has been in use until the end of the 4th century, and it was popular for about three or four thousand years.

2. Civilization of the two river basins

The birthplace is the Mesopotamian plain between the Tigris River and the Euphrates River.

The calendar of the two rivers civilization is very distinctive. In the Akkadian era, Sumerians formulated the lunar calendar, taking the moon's profit and loss as the timing standard, and set 29 or 30 days per month and 12 months as 1 year (29 days in 6 months and 30 days in 6 months), with 354 days per year, and invented the leap month, which was adjusted by setting the leap month.

At first, leap was set by experience, then there were 3 leap rules in 8 years and 10 leap rules in 27 years. Divide an hour into 60 minutes. Assyrian period defined the name of today's week and the rule of 7 days 1 week.

3. indus valley civilization

The birthplace of the Indus River is Sutkendol near the Arabian coast.

Perhaps the most famous handicrafts of Indus civilization are some stamps, usually made of talc, which have different types and unique characteristics. Patterns include all kinds of animals, including real animals such as elephants, tigers, rhinoceroses and antelopes, fantasy or patchwork animals, and sometimes human figures are carved. A small number of indus stone carvings, usually small, were also found, which were portraits or statues.

4. China civilization

The birthplace of the Yellow River. The agricultural civilization produced in the Yellow River basin is influenced by the natural geographical factors in the historical period, and it is constantly transitioning and developing to the agricultural civilization in the Yangtze River basin. The agricultural civilization in the Yangtze River basin is the inheritance and development of the agricultural civilization in the Yellow River basin. Early agriculture in the Yellow River basin was mainly to grow millet, while agriculture in the Yangtze River basin was mainly to grow rice.

Extended data:

1, the two rivers civilization is the earliest human civilization in the world-the two rivers city-state civilization (6500 ~6000 years ago).

The earliest writing in the world-Sumerian cuneiform (5200 years ago).

The earliest city in the world-the city of Jericho near Jerusalem (8000 ~ 1 10,000 years ago); Damascus, the capital of Syria (8000 ~ 1 10,000 years ago). ?

The earliest smelting practice in the world-the experiment of smelting gold and silver ore in the city-state of Lianghe Valley (7000 years ago).

The earliest bronze smelting technology in the world —— Bronze smelting in the city-state of Lianghe Valley (6000 years ago).

The earliest iron civilization in the world-Hittite civilization (3500 years ago).

The earliest calendar in the world-Sumerian lunar calendar (the exact time is unknown, earlier than the Egyptian solar calendar; It is said to have a history of 5000 years).

2. Ancient Egypt

The earliest unified dynasty/empire in the world-menes unified and went to Egypt to establish the first dynasty of Egypt (5 100 years ago).

The earliest mathematics in the world-ancient Egyptian mathematics (5200 years ago).

The earliest geometry in the world-ancient Egyptian geometry (5000 years ago).

The earliest special writing tools in the world-reed pen and papyrus paper (5000 years ago).

3. Ancient India

The earliest Heliocentrism in the world —— Excerpted from On Aliyepito (completed in 499 AD).

Hinduism, the earliest systematic religion in the world (4,000 years ago, tied with Judaism).

4. China

The world's earliest shipbuilding technology-canoe at Huqiao site in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang (8000 years ago).

The world's earliest brewing technology-fruit wine sediment from Jiahu site in Wuyang, Henan Province (9000 years ago).

The world's earliest philosophical work-Laozi's Tao Te Ching (2500 years ago).

Sun Wu's The Art of War (2,500 years ago) is the earliest military work in the world.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient Egyptian Civilization

Baidu Encyclopedia-Mesopotamian Civilization

Baidu Encyclopedia-Indus Civilization

Baidu Encyclopedia-Chinese Civilization

Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Ancient Civilizations