Shaoxing cultural history

"The water in the lake is long and full of ancient feelings." Shaoxing is famous for its rich cultural landscape, beautiful water scenery and charming customs. It has been a tourist attraction since ancient times.

Shaoxing has a long history, many celebrities, beautiful scenery and rich products. Known as the "hometown of cultural relics and land of plenty", it is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China. According to legend, in the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago, Dayu sent a letter to Shaoxing twice to control water and level the soil and water, so there is still Yuling Scenic Area. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, established Shaoxing as the capital, and once became the political and cultural center of eastern China. Jizhou, the capital of the Han Dynasty, was renamed Wuzhou in the Sui Dynasty, Yuezhou in the Tang Dynasty and Shaoxing House in the Southern Song Dynasty, which has continued to this day. Shaoxing has outstanding people, and many famous politicians, revolutionaries and writers have emerged in history, such as Qiu Jin, Lu Xun, Cai Yuanpei and Zhou Enlai.

Many works by Lu Xun, a great literary master, reflect the strong local color of Shaoxing culture. From Hundred Herbs Garden to San Tan Yin Yue, from fennel in Kong Yiji to social drama in Hometown, Lu Xun's hometown complex can be seen everywhere. Visiting Shaoxing may be a nostalgic trip of Lu Xun's culture. Standing by the river, you can see boatmen in small felt hats and children playing with silver collars. When you step into Xianheng Hotel, you can try authentic fennel beans. Go back to the countryside and watch a traditional social drama. ...

Shaoxing is such a famous water city with strong local color. On the boat trail, the clear water is crystal clear, stone bridges are flying, canoes are shuttling, there are 1.900 kilometers of rivers and more than 4,000 bridges, which constitute a typical water town scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. The East Lake Bridge sets each other off, and the water is brighter than the sky; 50% off the waterfall of Wuxiexi Spring; Ke Yan scenery, fantastic; Lanting is famous as a calligraphy resort with Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection. Shen Yuan lamented the love tragedy between Lu You and Tang Wan. In addition, there are Xiandao in the Tang Dynasty, Liuling in the Southern Song Dynasty, Stone Arch Bridge in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Shaoxing customs associated with it, represented by Wu Pengchuan, black felt hat and black dried vegetables, which have accumulated rich cultural connotations in thousands of years of historical evolution and presented unique local charm, which makes people amazed.

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In the twenty-fifth year of the King of Qin (the first 222 years), Huiji County was established, and the county ruled Wu (now Suzhou). In the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang (2 10 BC), he toured the east to Huiji and changed Da Yue to Yin Shan, hence the name of Shanyin County. In the first year of Wu Huanglong (22 * * * * Yin Shan belonged to Huiji County. After that, Shanyin County will not become Huiji County. Chen Houzhu (583 ~ 589) analyzed Shanyin County, established Huiji County, and juxtaposed Shan County and Huixian County, which was the beginning of city governance (said in Yongding period). In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (58 * * * * abandoned, Shangyu, Yongxing and Suning counties, and entered Huiji County. In the seventh year of Tang Wude (62*****), Huiji County was re-established as Shanyin County. The following year, he abandoned Yin Shan and entered Huiji County, where he stayed for two years (68***** Fu Shanyin County. In the second year of Dali (76 * * * * due to the secretariat of Xue and training, Shanyin County was merged with Huiji County. In seven years, Shanyin County was restored due to the performance of the secretariat Chen Shaoyou. In the sixth year of Yuanhe (81* * * *), Shanyin County was removed and merged into Huiji County. Ten years later, Shanyin County recovered. Shanyin County has been abandoned for seven times in the more than 250 years since the end of the Southern Dynasties. Yuanhe was restored in ten years, and Shan and Hui counties were juxtaposed, which was stable for a long time and belonged to Yuezhou. Jian Yan in the Southern Song Dynasty lasted for three to four years (1129 ~113 * * * * Emperor Gaozong was temporarily stationed in Yuezhou, with Yin Shan as the temporary capital. The following year, Shaoxing was renamed Shaoxing House, hence its name. Yinshan and Huiji County belong to it. In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (12 * * * *), the governor's office of Zhejiang Province was built, Shaoxing Road was abandoned, and Shanhui was still its county. Zhu Yuanzhang changed Shaoxing Road to Shaoxing House in the year of Bingwu (13 * * * *), and the affiliation remained unchanged. Clear reasons, clear system. In the 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (18***** The Taiping Army captured Shaoxing House, and Yin Shan and Huiji counties belonged to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In the second year of Tongzhi (18 * * * * the Qing army regained Shaoxing, and the two counties of Shan and Hui were under the jurisdiction of restoration. Xuantong was divided into two counties in the third year (19 * * * *), and the succession was extended to August, and the two counties handed over the seal files to the government. In the first year of the Republic of China (19 * * * *), Shaoxing prefecture was revoked, and the original Yin Shan and Huiji counties were changed to Shaoxing counties, which were under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang military government. In three years, Huiji Road was established between provinces and counties, and Shaoxing County was subordinate to it. Sixteen years, waste road, Shaoxing county is a province. In twenty-four years, Shaoxing administrative supervision area was established between provinces and counties, and Shaoxing county was subordinate to it. The following year, Shaoxing County is under the third administrative supervision area, which consists of several districts. In April of 30 years, the Japanese army was trapped in Shaoxing, and the county government moved to Wangtan, Jiangcun and Qiucun successively, and the decree was only in Longhui and Jidong townships. In June, Shaoxing City established the Pseudo-Township Federation, and in June of the following year, the Pseudo-Shaoxing County Government was established, which is the pseudo-fifth organization. In August of thirty-four years, the puppet regime collapsed. In thirty-seven years, the third administrative supervision area was reorganized into the second administrative supervision area, and Shaoxing County was subordinate to it.

1949 Shaoxing was liberated on may 7, and the Shaoxing county people's government was established on June 6. It belongs to the tenth organization in Zhejiang Province. 10, Shaoxing County, set in Huiji County. Shaoxing City (county-level) was established in the urban area. 165438+ 10 was changed to Shaoxing Commissioner's Office, which was subordinate to two counties and one city. 1950 In May, Shaoxing City and Huiji County were abolished and merged into Shaoxing County. In September, the city was analyzed, and Shaoxing (county level) moved, and the affiliation remained unchanged. 1952 65438+ 10, the provincial capital of Shaoxing county. February 1953, changed to Ningbo District Commissioner's Office. 1958 February, Shaoxing county merged with the city to become Shaoxing county. 1962 1 month, analyze the urban area and reset Shaoxing city. 1September, 964, Shaoxing District Commissioner's Office was restored, and Shaoxing County was under its jurisdiction. 198 1 March, Shaoxing county was transformed into Shaoxing city (county level). 1* * * In July, Shaoxing area was cancelled, Shaoxing city (prefecture level) was established, and Shaoxing county was restored. (The first edition of Shaoxing County Records was completed)

Natural disasters and abnormal natural phenomena

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196 1 to 1990, there were 34 floods in the whole county, which lasted for three days, with the daily maximum rainfall of 50- 100-300mm and the average rainfall for many years 1 above. Among them, there were floods 12 times in the county, accounting for 35%, floods 1 times in less than three years, floods 1 1 times in rainy season, accounting for 9 1.7%, and the rest were local floods.

Drought 196 1 ~ 1990 There were 33 droughts in China, including 27 droughts at all levels over 30 days, accounting for 82%. It happens once a year on average. 18 was a county-wide drought, accounting for 67%. 1967 continuous drought in autumn and winter, the drought in Sanjiangzha area continued 133 days, and 245,000 mu of late rice was affected.

Typhoon 196 1 ~ 1990 is affected by typhoon with rainfall ≥ 30mm 102 times, with an average of 3.4 times a year. 195 * * * at most 7 times. /KOOC-0/956 Typhoon/KOOC-0/2 August, the process precipitation/KOOC-0/76./KOOC-0/~/KOOC-0/96.4 mm, the wind force/KOOC-0/2 or more, and the maximum wind speed is 40 meters per second.

According to the observation from 1950 to 1980, there are 30 hailstorms in March 1 year, with an average of nearly1time a year.

Human population

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Distribution Before the Qing Dynasty, there was no data on population distribution. Until the period of Xuan Tong, the statistics of urban houses and township accounts were incomplete. Due to natural environment, economic conditions, living habits and other factors, the distribution is uneven: Chengtang Lane, which only accounts for 0.6% of the total area of the region, has a total population density of more than10%; Plain towns account for 40% of the total area and 60% of the total population; The hilly area accounts for about 59%, but only accounts for about 30% of the total population.

Density Shaoxing has always been a densely populated city, with a high population density and an upward trend. There are obvious differences between the north and the south: Shui Yuan in the north has a relatively developed economy and a dense population; In the low mountains and hills in the south, the economic development is relatively slow and the population is relatively sparse. Before the Qing Dynasty, there were records of population density in all counties. In the first year of the Republic of China (19 * * * * Yin Shan and Huiji were merged into Shaoxing County, and the population density was 593 per square kilometer. 17 years, 608 people. 21 years is 640. 568 people, 24 years. Thirty years is 6 1 1 person. In thirty-four years, because of the war, the number dropped to 430. 446 people in thirty-six years. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was a complete county annals.

In the history of mobile Shaoxing, there were several major population changes: in the 29th year of residence (468 BC, the first year of Zhou Pingjing), the State of Yue destroyed Wu and moved its capital to Langya, with a population of 30,000. From 27 to 37 years of Qin Shihuang (220 BC to 265438 BC+00 BC), Vietnamese migrated to western Zhejiang and southern Anhui. In the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (119 * * * *), the residents of the Central Plains were moved to Huiji and other places. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty (Yongjia period), there was a war in the north, and the Jin family moved south. People from the Central Plains took refuge in Huiji and Yin Shan. Because of the Anshi Rebellion and the scattered residents, the population of counties in Yuezhou increased obviously. After the Jingkang Rebellion, the Song Dynasty moved south, and the population of Yin Shan and Huiji increased greatly. In the fifty-sixth year of Qingganlong (17 * * * * Shanyin population100 * * * Huiji population 266 * * * total 126 * * * *, the number of people increased dramatically. During the occupation, residents fled, from 24 years in the Republic of China (19*****,108 * * * *) to 197 * * * *, with 853 * * *, a decrease of 2/kloc-0. From 65438 to 0949, China People's Liberation Army went south, and nearly a thousand local cadres were embedded in the army.

water conservancy

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The reservoir area in China began at the time of Jian 'an. Nanchi, Wutang and Kuzhutang are all small reservoirs in early China. Huiyong Lake was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty, located at the mouth of Ruoyuexi River. It is a medium-sized lake, which is built by homogeneous earth dams and uses natural ridges for flood discharge. In the Ming Dynasty, Tangzhihu Lake was built to alleviate the floods in the Lvxia River and Xixiaojiang River.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), agricultural production developed and the collective economy grew. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, large-scale water conservancy construction appeared in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas, with 59 small and medium-sized reservoirs under construction, 465,438 ponds and 945 irrigation ponds, with a normal storage capacity of 56.4 million cubic meters.

The construction of seawalls began in Vietnam. More systematically, however, seawall buildings that have begun to take shape were first seen in New Tang Book Geography. Shou Lijun, Huang Fuwen, Ci, etc. All the seawalls have been "added", which shows that China did have seawall projects before the Tang Dynasty. The Records of Jiatai Huiji recorded Yinshan seawall as "Tang Jie" for the first time, which was 36 years earlier than Li Junzhi's addition and revision of Huiji to prevent seawall.

The seawalls in the county have experienced a long evolution process from south to north, gradually merging and scattered. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiajing Tang Shaoen built Sanjiang Gate, and the seawall became a line without much change. Until the late 1960 s, with the large-scale rise of the Yangtze River reclamation project, the seawall line moved northward rapidly. At present, the total length of China seawall is 88. * * * * kilometers, from Xiaoshaohaidi (domestic section) 18 * * * * kilometers and 69. * * * * kilometers of reclamation levee. The structure and construction technology of seawalls are also developing constantly. In the Song Dynasty, there were earthen ponds, firewood ponds and stone ponds, and in the Ming Dynasty, there were fish scale stone ponds and Dingyou stone ponds. During the period of the Republic of China, there appeared a slope pond with pulp block stones. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), ponds were built by manpower instead of machinery. The ability to resist tides and floods has been greatly improved. At present, the flood control standard of the first-line seawall, the slurry block stone revetment pond reaches the flood control standard of 50 ~ 100 years, and the riprap earth pond reaches the flood control standard of more than 20 years.

The sluice weir was abandoned in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Puyang River flowed out of the Sanjiangkou into the sea through the Qianqing River. The water conservancy situation in the plain has obviously deteriorated, and floods and droughts have increased dramatically. In the early Ming Dynasty, Dai Hu, Peng Yi and Zhang Huan successively built flat drag gates, built dams and ponds, and regulated rivers and lakes, which was slightly eased. However, due to the large-scale drainage hub project in Tianjin, which has no foundation, killing water potential and storing water, floods and droughts occur frequently and seawalls are built endlessly, which wastes people and money. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Tang Shaoen, the magistrate, complied with the people's wishes and built the famous ancient coastal sluice in China-Sanjiamen Gate. "Door Service Book" said that since then, "there has been a drought. Dry closed storage, field foot irrigation; Waterlogging will lead to drainage and crops will not be flooded. Sanyi people live and work in peace and contentment. "

The main outlet channel in the lower reaches of Qiantang River changes from south to north, and the sediment outside the Sanjiang sluice has increased since the Qing Emperor Kangxi, and the Sanjiang sluice has changed from the peak period of 1.30 years to the period of declining efficiency. Drought and flood control in plain areas is also very difficult. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), large and medium-sized drainage backbone projects such as Mashan sluice and Xinsanjiang sluice have been built one after another, and the water conservancy situation in Shaoxing Plain has changed, and drought and flood disasters have been well defended.

On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, many rivers and lakes in the territory collapsed and collapsed, and lakes were silted up, and floods could not be discharged smoothly, which was unbearable after a long drought. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, around the development of storage and discharge efficiency of rivers and lakes, the Tangba Reservoir with water storage and flood detention was built in the upper reaches with the principle of "upper storage and middle discharge". Comprehensively improve the sluice river in the middle and lower reaches and widen the river course; Construction of large, medium and small sluices along the coast. * * * Dredged 826.3 km of river course, demolished 580 water retaining bridges, and built revetment125 * * * km.

List of administrative divisions

* * Regional data as of September 2006; According to the Outline (2006), the population at the end of 2004 is. *

Shaoxing covers an area of 8,256 square kilometers and has a population of 4.33 million. Jurisdiction 1 municipal district, 2 counties and 3 county-level cities.

Yuecheng District covers an area of 338 square kilometers and has a population of 640,000. The postal code is 3 12000. Yan 'an Road, Tashan Street, District People's Government.

Zhuji has an area of 23 1 1 km2 and a population of 1.06 million. Postal code 3 1 1800. No.26 Hongqi Road, Jiyang Street, Municipal People's Government.

Shangyu covers an area of 1.427 square kilometers with a population of 770,000. The postal code is 3 12300. No.5, Shifu Road, Guanbai Street, Municipal People's Government.

Shengzhou covers an area of 177 1 km2 with a population of 730,000. The postal code is 3 12400. No.37, North Branch Road, Municipal People's Government.

Shaoxing county covers an area of 1 196 square kilometers with a population of 700,000. The postal code is 3 12030. County People's Government Ke Qiao Street Qunxian Road 166 1.

Xinchang county covers an area of 12 13 square kilometers with a population of 430,000. The postal code is 3 12500. County People's Government is located at Renmin Road 190.

General situation of Shaoxing

Toll area code: 0575

Postal code: 3 12000

Geographical location: It is located in the west of Ningshao Plain, with Huiji Mountain in Nanping, Qiantang River in the north, Hangzhou in the west and Ningbo in the east, with a total area of 7,950 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 1, 0 1 square kilometer.

Division: It now governs Yuecheng District, Shaoxing County, Xinchang County, Zhuji City, Shangyu City and Shengzhou City.

Population: 4.26 million, including urban population of 3 1 10,000.

Shaoxing celebrity list:

1: Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren.

2. Qiu Jin is located in Gu Xuanting, Shaoxing City.

3. Cai Yuanpei, former president of Peking University.

4. Xu Wenchang, namely Xu Wei.

5: Zhou Enlai

6. History

7: Gou Jian, King of Yue

Shaoxing scenic spots:

1, Lu Xun's hometown

2. Jianhu

3. Lanting National Forest Park

4. Historical hometown

5. Ke Yan National Scenic Area

6. Wuxie Scenic Area