The four most famous battles in history should each have a written explanation (not less than 300 words).

At the end of the Qin dynasty, there was chaos in the world, where the governors were divided and the warlords fought. In 207 BC, after Qin Jun general Zhang Han defeated Xiang Liang, the leader of Chu's anti-Qin army, he thought that Chu was no longer worried, so he led an army to war.

More than 200,000 troops attacked Zhao in the north, and the king was dispatched to leave 200,000 troops to the south, and the king of Zhao was besieged and rested in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei). In desperation, the prince of Zhao sent messengers to Chu Huaiwang and other governors for help. At that time, it was very powerful. Zhao was stationed in the north of Julu City, and no one dared to fight. Xiang Yu volunteered to avenge Qin Jun's murder of his uncle Xiang Liang, so Chu Huaiwang took Yi Song as the general, Xiang Yu as the second, Fan Zeng as the last, and led more than 60,000 troops to the north to solve the dilemma of Julu.

After Zhao Dajun entered Anyang (now southeast of Cao Yang), Yi Song was intimidated by Qin Jun's arrogance and stayed here for 46 days. Xiang Yu condemned Yi Song's cowardice and killed him. Xiang Yu was named the upper general, and he was divided into two generals, Hepu and Pu.

Xiang Yu first sent Ying Bu and General Pu to lead 20,000 people to cross the Yellow River and cut off the grain transportation channel in Qin Jun. Then Xiang Yu led all the main forces to cross the river and ordered all the soldiers to burn the bridge, each carrying only three days' dry food to show his determination to do or die. Xiang Yu said to the men: "This time we will send troops to the giant deer, but if we don't advance, we will retreat. We must defeat Qin Jun in three days. "

Xiang Yu's determination and courage to cross the rubicon greatly inspired the morale of the soldiers. Chu Jun's morale was greatly boosted, and he was brave enough to die. He defeated Qin Jun Qi, Yan and Wei in nine wars and nine victories. All the troops who saved Zhao stood by. When the Chu army defeated Qin Jun, they rushed out of the camp to help. Finally, they captured the commander-in-chief of Qin Jun, Wang Li, and killed his lieutenant, thus solving the plight of Julu. [ 1]

2. Battle of Guandu

The Battle of Guandu was a decisive battle in which Cao Cao (later Wei Wudi) unified the army and defeated Yuan Shao's army in Guandu (now Zhongmou, Henan) in the fifth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 200).

After the failure of the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the powerful forces that suppressed the insurgents fought for independence and the Central Plains. Yuan Shao, the biggest separatist force in the north, used his camera to plot to destroy Cao Cao Group. Cao Cao, relying on the emperor, ordered the vassals to take charge of government affairs, plow the fields and accumulate grain, and stepped up preparations against Yuan Shao. In the fifth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao was able to gather nearly 20,000 troops in Guandu and stand by and fight Yuan Shao.

In February, Yuan Shao led 65,438+10,000 troops and more than 10,000 cavalry to occupy Liyang. Cao Cao used counselor Xun You as a diversion and pretended to cross the North. Yuan Shao divided his troops to the west, Cao Cao to the east, beheaded Yuan Shao's general Yan Liang, killed Wen Chou and crushed Yuan Jun. ..

Yuan Shao was defeated in the first battle, and his spirit was frustrated, so he changed his army into a camp and tried to force Cao Jun to fight a decisive battle with superior forces. Cao Cao avoided the decisive battle under unfavorable conditions and voluntarily retreated to Guandu. Yuan Shao repeatedly rejected the suggestion that his men divide their forces to attack the capital Xu (today), in an attempt to attack and annihilate after retreating. Later, Cao Jun was short of food, the foot soldiers were tired, and there was a rebellion in the rear. Cao Cao is persistent and tenacious. Shortly after Yuan Shao got the hay, he suddenly attacked and burned the grain truck in Yuan Jun, forcing Yuan Shao to divide his forces to protect the hay.

Yuan Shao once again rejected the suggestion of an adventurous attack on Xu You. Cao Cao pretended to be reinforcements under the banner of Yuan Jun, and burned Yuan Shao's grain in the alley at night (Wu Chao). At dawn, Cao Cao knew that the reinforcements from Yuan Jun were coming, so he supervised the troops and defeated Yuan Jun. * * * wiped out more than 70,000 people in Yuan Jun and seized all the military resources. Yuan Shao only led more than 800 people to flee to the north and never recovered.

3. Surabaya Campaign

The Battle of Feishui was a war to repel the attack of the former Qin Dynasty in Feishui (now Wabu Lake in Anhui Province) in the eighth year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (the nineteenth year of the former Qin Dynasty, AD 383).

After the former Qin dynasty unified the north, it continued to expand southward, and successively captured Liang, Yi, Xiangyang (now south-central Hubei Province) and Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, southeast Jiangsu Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In order to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty and rule the whole country, Fu Jian, the former master of Qin Dynasty, mobilized more than 900,000 troops in July of the 19th year of Jian Yuan, the former Qin Dynasty, and launched a large-scale attack on Jin. Facing the attack of Qin Jun, the Eastern Jin Dynasty unanimously advocated resistance. Xie An, the prime minister in charge of state affairs, ordered Huan Chong, the secretariat of Jingzhou (official name), to strengthen the defense of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and ordered the conquest of Xie Shi and Xie Xuan, the commander-in-chief of Pioneer. , led 80,000 water troops to the Huaihe River to fight, and sent Long Xiang General Hu Bin to lead 5,000 water troops to reinforce Shouyang (now southeast of Shouxian County, Anhui Province).

At first, it was not conducive to the troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Later, they accepted the suggestion of quickly defeating Qin Jun before its concentration, and changed the policy of changing passive defense into active attack. At a disadvantage, the Jin army won the first battle and its morale was greatly boosted. Then all the way to the east bank of Feishui. And Qin Jun centrifugal up and down, soldiers tired of war. 8 jin j arrived at the water's edge in time. Fu Rong temporarily reorganized his team, and his horse suddenly fell to the ground and died, so the relieving power was greatly drained. Jin chased Cyclobalanopsis (now 30 miles west of Shouxian County), and Qin Jun was defeated. When the routed troops heard the jitters, they thought that the nomads from behind were coming, so they traveled day and night, hungry and cold. Ten cases of the deceased went to Luoyang, leaving only 65,438+10,000 people. Fu Jian was shot by an arrow and fled to Huaibei area.

4. Battle of Red Cliffs

Battle of Red Cliffs was in the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 208). Sun Quan of the State of Wu and Liu Bei of the State of Shu led a famous decisive battle in Chibi of the Yangtze River (northwest of Puyin County, Hubei Province in south-central China, northeast of Jiayu County).

After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao and Wu Huan and basically unified the north, he went south from Wan (now Nanyang, Henan Province) in July of the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, hoping to destroy Liu Biao first, then advance eastward along the river and defeat Sun Quan, thus unifying the world.

Cao Jun marched into Xinye (now Henan). At that time, Liu Biao in Jingzhou was dead, and his son Liu Cong surrendered without a fight. Cao Cao incorporated Liu Biao's army, claiming that 800,000 troops were advancing on the Yangtze River. After Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Jun in Changban (now Dangyang, Hubei), he sent Zhuge Liang back to Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, south-central Jiangxi) to fight Cao. Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Zhuge Liang, the generals of the State of Wu, brilliantly analyzed the situation and pointed out that although there were more than 200,000 troops, there were some weaknesses, such as unstable rear, long-distance training, acclimatization, and being shorter than the water war, which further strengthened Sun Quan's determination to form an alliance with Liu Bei against Cao. Sun Quan appointed Zhou Yu as the general and Cheng Pu as the deputy, and led 30,000 elite water troops to join forces with Liu Beijun in Fankou (now Ezhou, Hubei). * * * About 50,000 people marched westward along the Yangtze River to meet Cao Jun. Cao Jun was not good at water warfare, and the epidemic was prevalent. He was blocked by Sun Liu's allied troops in Chibi. The combat effectiveness was greatly reduced and the first battle was frustrated. He was forced to be stationed in the Wulin in Jiangbei (now Honghu County, Hubei Province) and confronted the allied forces across the river. Cao Cao ordered the warships to be connected end to end in order to drill the water army and wait for an opportunity to attack the war.

Zhou Yu adopted Huang's fire attack plan and ordered him to send a letter to Cao Cao to pretend to surrender in order to win by surprise. Cao Cao is confident that he is a shoo-in, and his guard is lax. Huang Gai chose a suitable time, sent a boat close to Cao Jun, and ordered the firewood on the boat to be lit. The fireboat sailed into Cao Jun's fleet, and suddenly it was a sea of fire, extending to the camps on the shore, causing heavy casualties in Cao Jun. Zhou Yu and others led the army to take advantage of the situation to kill, and Cao Jun was defeated. Cao Cao led the disabled soldiers to escape from Huarong Road (now south of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province) to Jiangling. Most of them were damaged, unable to fight again, and they were losing ground.

The allied forces took advantage of the victory to expand the results. Zhou Yuling led the troops to capture Jiangling along the river and dispatched Ganning bypass to capture Yiling (now Hukou) respectively. Sun Quan led an army to March eastward to Hefei (now Anhui Province in the southeast of China). After Liu Bei led his troops to Jiangling, he returned to Xiakou (now Wuhan), detoured north along the Hanshui River to the rear of Cao Cao's army, and divided his forces to seize Jingzhou.