Who can tell me what is the black code?

"Black Code" refers to a series of laws enacted by the southern States of the United States to maintain and restore the rule of the slave owners after the Civil War, which began in the 1970s in 19. Mississippi was first announced in 1866, and southern states followed suit. The Black Code legalizes the owner's privilege to own the black labor force and the use of "moderate corporal punishment" against blacks. In addition, the southern states, led by Tennessee, have set up secret terrorist organizations specializing in persecuting blacks, among which the famous representatives are the Klan, the White Knight and the White Brotherhood. These organizations often use lynching, the customary law in American criminal law, to harm blacks. After 1868, under the strong opposition of the broad masses of the people, many black codes were abolished or modified one after another.

The specific process is that after the assassination of President Lincoln, Johnson took office at 1865. On May 29th of the same year, an Amnesty Declaration was issued, announcing that all those who directly or indirectly participated in the rebellion, except a few senior military and political officials of the Confederacy, rebels whose taxable property value exceeded 20,000 US dollars, and those who left the United States to join or support the rebels without permission, could be pardoned as long as they were willing to swear allegiance to the Federation, and at the same time, their right to vote and all property ownership except slaves could be restored. Johnson has published seven declarations on reconstruction in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas and Florida. The provisional governors of each state have been appointed, and it is required to elect the Constituent Assembly, amend or formulate the state constitution, elect the state parliament and establish a new state government in accordance with the 1860 electoral law.

According to the spirit of Johnson's reconstruction plan, in the summer and autumn of 1865, other southern States successively elected constituent assemblies and state legislatures by white voters, established state governments, and elected members of the Senate and House of Representatives who will attend the 39th Congress on February 4 1865. In the southern States, many officials of the former allied government once again manipulated the parliament and state power organs and adopted a series of reactionary measures to maintain and restore the rule of the slave-owning class. States promulgated the Black Code, depriving blacks of the right to vote. Defeated slave owners in southern states successively organized reactionary organizations such as Ku Ku Klan, White Knight, White Brotherhood, etc. to carry out various violent and terrorist activities specifically against blacks, radicals, communists and their supporters.

In this chaotic situation, * * and the Congress dominated by party radicals put forward a bill to impeach the President (which was not passed due to the lack of 1 vote), and passed the amendments to Articles 1865, 1868 and 1870 of the Constitution (declaring that slavery no longer exists in the United States) and/respectively. 1867 In March, the National Assembly passed a bill to rebuild the south and imposed martial law on the south. 1867- 1877, Rebuilding democracy in the south, establishing political power jointly ruled by blacks and whites in each state, and enacting laws for democratic progress. 14 blacks were elected to the House of Representatives and two blacks were elected to the Senate.