A composition describing the ancient city wall of Shouxian County

The ancient city wall of Shouxian is in Shouxian. Slightly square, with an area of 3.65 square kilometers. According to historical records and local chronicles, in the Five Dynasties, Chai Rong, Zhou Shizong and Nantang fought for Shouzhou, while Liu Renze, commander-in-chief of Nantang, relied on Gucheng to "hold on", and it took Chai Rong more than a year to break through the city. Chai Rong "moved to Cai Xia because of its difficulties". Guo Cheng, the Chronicle of Shouzhou in Qing Dynasty, recorded: "During the reign of Cai, the old city was largely destroyed and rebuilt in this city or Xining, while in Jiading, many cities were rebuilt. The thirteen miles around are strange, 20 feet high and 20 feet wide. It is located in the southeast of the city, more than 20 feet wide, with water in the north and West Lake in the west. " Both the reconstruction of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty have a long history. According to rough statistics, there were125th floods from the 3rd year of Three Kingdoms Ganlu (258 years) to the 15th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1889 years). Due to the destruction of war and flood, the city wall has been repaired many times, leaving traces of restoration in previous dynasties. According to the actual measurement, the circumference of the city is 7 147 meters, the wall is 8.33 meters high and the top width is 6.66 meters. The wall is rammed with clay, and the outer wall is built with stone foundation and blue bricks. Tung oil, glutinous rice juice and lime are used as slurry for masonry gaps. The wall divides inward layer by layer. There are four gates, namely Binyang in the east, Tong Fei in the south, Dinghu in the west and Jinghuai in the north. Each door is connected to the castle by a ladder. The city walls are magnificent. It is a provincial key cultural relics protection unit.

There are four gates in Shouxian County, Wengcheng, and there is a Wengcheng outside each gate, also known as Yuecheng, where soldiers are stationed. The so-called Wengcheng is said to mean "catching turtles in a jar". From the name, it is known that it was set up for the needs of military defense. The entrance and the city wall of the urn are all made of bricks and stones, and their height and thickness are basically equal to those of the city gate and the city wall. South Gate and Wengcheng are on a central axis; The north gate urn faces west, and the west gate urn faces north, all at 90 degrees right angles to the gate. The urn at the east gate is parallel to the gate and staggered. Every urn and gate has a huge wooden door with protective iron outside, and there are strips and grooves on both sides of the door, which are still there today. There are two hidden soldier caves in the south gate and the west gate. Wengcheng and the city wall formed a strict defense engineering system, which played an important role in ancient times. 1939, when the Japanese invaders attacked Shouxian with modern weapons, they failed to succeed easily. It was not until the soldiers guarding the city gave up all their ammunition and the head of the team, Zhao Dayuan, died heroically that they fell into the hands of the enemy.

There are four gates in Binyang Tower, the ancient city of Shouxian County, and each gate has a tower. The building has disappeared because of disrepair or being destroyed by war. 1April, 986, the relevant departments decided to repair the East Gate Tower first, which was drawn by Suzhou Classical Garden Design Office with reference to the Song Dynasty design. Construction started at the end of September in the same year and was completed in April. 1987. The east gate was originally named "Binyang", so it follows the old name "Binyang Building". The building is a brick-wood structure, with 3 rooms wide, double eaves resting on the top of the mountain, cornices upturned, tile roof, animal ridge, small square wooden door, two steps of east and west doors, and cloisters around it. Simple and elegant, integrated with the style of the ancient city.

Confucius Temple in Shouxian County is in the middle section of Chengguan West Street in Shouxian County. It faces south and covers an area of 20,000 square meters. According to the records of Shouzhou School in Qing Dynasty, it was located in the southeast corner of the city in Tang and Song Dynasties and moved here in Yuan Dynasty. Confucius Temple complex runs through a central axis from north to south, and spreads east and west with the middle road as the axis. From south to north, there are Dazhaobei and Civilization Square in turn; Pan Gong, hurry? , Yanggao Sanfang; Three doors: Zhaoxing, Jinsheng and Yuzhen; Chi Pan; Jimen, Dacheng Hall, Fujiaofang and Minglun Hall. The buildings with symmetrical central axes are: Pangu Square, two squares in the east and west, namely "Depei Tiandi" and "Daoguan Ancient and Modern Square", with Chi Pan "Limen" in the east, Lu Yi Road in the west, Jimen Mingchen Temple in the east and Xiangxian Temple in the west; The east-west direction of Fujiaofang is "going to the hall" and "entering the room". Confucius Temple is adjacent to Wenchang Palace and Chongsheng Temple in the east; It is adjacent to Zhong Yi Temple, Xiao Jie Square and Xiao Jie Temple in the west. The central building is Dacheng Hall, with blue tiles and red walls, colorful buildings and carved beams, and the eaves are towering and magnificent. There is a large terrace in front of the temple, surrounded by stone railings, which is the venue for offering sacrifices to the Confucius. Two ancient ginkgo trees in the hospital block the sun. Many original plaques and inscriptions in the temple were destroyed in the early 1950s. 1966. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the county cultural center was set up here.

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When you come to the ancient city of Shouxian, you don't have to say anything, but you can't help but talk about this ancient city wall. It bears witness to the history of Shouzhou, an ancient city, and is one of the seven well-preserved ancient city walls in China so far.

Interview: Fang Dunshou (the capital of Chu was established here in 24/kloc-0 BC, and the present city wall belongs to Song Dynasty).

Fang Dunshou is a native of Shouxian County and a retired worker in the county cultural center. When it comes to the ancient city wall, the old man is an expert, because he grew up under it.

How the city wall that we play every day comes from and what it is used for has always been a mystery to the children of the other party when they were young. Fang Dunshou didn't fully understand the history and value of the ancient city wall until he entered the county cultural department.

Fang Dunshou paid attention to the ancient city wall and studied it for decades. He carefully studied and sorted out all the written records about the ancient city wall in historical materials. This wall is 9 meters high and 7,000 meters long. He knows every brick and tile of the wall like the back of his hand. Gradually, local Dunshou became an expert on ancient city walls. Speaking of ancient city walls, old people are like treasures.

In ancient times, Shouzhou City was located in the traffic hub between the north and the south, and it was a place where military strategists fought frequently. Therefore, every dynasty attached importance to the maintenance and reinforcement of the city wall, which stood for 800 years after the baptism of war and fire. The firmness of the ancient city wall can be imagined.

There are crocks outside the four gates of the ancient city wall, and the unique design that the crocks are not in line with the city wall gates can not only defend against enemy attacks, but also play an important role in defending against floods.

Interview: Fang Dunshou

What makes Fang Lao most proud is that other ancient city walls have already completed their historical mission because of their long history, while the ancient city walls in Shouxian County are still guarding the residents of the ancient capital. 199 1 year floods flooded most of the ancient city walls, but 65,438+10,000 residents in the city were safe and sound.

Today, the 800-year-old city wall still tightly embraces Shouzhou City. On the 7 100-meter-long wall, only the four gates in the east, west, north and south are the only channels for the city to communicate with the outside world, covering an area of 365 square kilometers. Fang's hometown is in the city center, but every evening, he always likes to walk on the ancient city wall.

Towering towers and continuous city walls, Shouzhou City is vivid and timeless because of the ancient city walls. That night, reporters Wang Peichun, Nie, Nie, and Wang came to northern Anhui to talk about ancient and modern times in Shouzhou City.

Shouxian ancient city wall is magnificent, and it is one of the seven existing complete ancient city walls in China. It has a complete defense system, including jars, gates, moats, suspension bridges, turrets, police-assisted observation holes and perforations in battlements. In ancient times, there was a saying of "Jincheng Tang Chi" or "impregnable as gold", and in history, there was a saying of "Shouzhou City was beaten by iron". The existing city walls were rebuilt in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Shouxian ancient

Most of the towers of the city wall have been destroyed, with a circumference of more than 7,000 meters and a height of more than 8 meters. The city wall is well preserved. The city wall is based on stone, rammed with soil and externally laid. The masonry of the city wall is bridged by glutinous rice juice mixed with lime, which is very strong.

Shouxian county was called Shouchun, Shouyang and Shouzhou in ancient times, and was once under the jurisdiction of counties in past dynasties. There are four gates in the city, namely, Binyang Gate at the East Gate, Humen Gate at the West Gate, Feimen Gate at the South Gate and Huaimen Gate at the North Gate, all of which have doorkeeper urns, and the internal and external openings are of masonry roof structure. The west urn gate faces north, the north urn gate faces west, and the east urn gate is 4 meters parallel to the inner gate. This ingenious arrangement is based on the consideration of military defense: after the enemy breaks through the urn, he needs to change direction before attacking the city gate, and the defenders can take the opportunity to close the door and beat the dog to destroy the enemy in the urn. There are two earthen jars in the northeast, while the earthen jars in the south and west were unfortunately destroyed.

There is a moat in the southeast of the ancient city, about 60 meters wide, with water in the north and Xi Shou Lake in the west. There is a stone dike at the foot of the outer wall, one side is next to the outer wall of the city wall, and the other side is a moat made of stone. It is used to increase the firmness of the city wall and prevent the moat from being washed away by water and floods.

There is a sluice named culvert on the east and west sides of the north of the city. On the wall of the East culvert, there are stone carvings of "Chong Dike and Blocking Flow", and on the south wall of the West culvert, there are stone carvings of "Gu Jin Tang". The shapes of the two culverts are basically the same. The cave is square, with one end connected to the river in the city and the other end extending outside the city. There is a moon sill above the culvert, which is as high as the city wall. The inner wall of the sill is provided with stone steps, and the outer wall surrounds the embankment slope. The setting of the moon ridge of the city culvert can prevent the enemy from sneaking into the waterway militarily, and it has important waterproof function in the urban water system, and is known as a pearl in ancient water conservancy projects.

According to the Records of Shouzhou, there were "eight watchtowers and fifty-five police shops" in the city wall. Now there are only 1 horse face and three enemy stations.

Shouxian is low-lying and vulnerable to floods. The ancient city is like an iron wall, which is not only a barrier against the enemy, but also a solid levee for flood control. The ancient city wall is antique and magnificent, surrounded by black dragon, and was announced by the State Council as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection list.