What are the characteristics of China's electoral system?

The universality of the right to vote refers to the universality of the right to vote and to be elected, that is, all citizens can participate in the election and exercise the right to vote and to be elected without restriction in accordance with the law.

Specifically, all citizens of China who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level, property status and length of residence, except those who have been deprived of political rights according to law.

Equality of voting rights

Equality of voting rights means that each voter has only one vote in an election. All elections shall not be favored, restricted or discriminated against because of ethnic, racial, gender and other differences.

The equality of voting rights in China focuses on substantive equality, not pure formal equality. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: rural areas and cities have made different regulations on the number of representatives, namely 4:1; For ethnic minorities, the electoral law takes special care of their representativeness on the basis of ensuring their equal right to vote.

(3) Combination of direct election and indirect election.

Direct election means that voters directly vote for representatives of representative offices. In China, deputies to the people's congresses of cities, municipal districts, counties, autonomous counties, townships, nationality townships and towns without districts are directly elected.

The advantages of direct election are: it is convenient for voters to directly elect people they trust to enter political organs to manage the country on their behalf; It is convenient for voters to directly reflect their opinions and demands to deputies and supervise their work; At the same time, it is also convenient for delegates to contact voters, be responsible to voters and report their work; It is conducive to enhancing the sense of ownership of the majority of voters and their enthusiasm for participating in and discussing state affairs, and it is also conducive to stimulating the sense of responsibility of deputies as public servants.

Indirect election means that representatives of representative organs are not directly elected by voters, but by representatives of representative organs at the next higher level. Deputies to the National People's Congress and the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities divided into districts and autonomous prefectures are elected by the people's congresses at the next lower level.

(4) Voting by secret ballot

Secret ballot is an election method that requires voters to agree or disagree under the official candidate's name, or choose others without signing or abstain.

The secret ballot ensures that voters can truly participate in the election according to their own wishes and choose people they trust.

(5) The material and legal guarantee of the election.

According to the electoral law of China, voters should be protected by material and law when exercising their right to vote. Mainly manifested in: the election funds are paid by the state treasury, and the state provides all the material facilities needed for the election. In addition, China's electoral law also has a special chapter to punish acts that undermine elections.