Choose two historical idioms and talk about the main content.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong listened to rumors, killed Prince Shen Sheng, and sent someone to arrest Shen Sheng's younger brother Zhong Er. When Zhong Er heard the news, he fled the State of Jin and forgot about it for more than ten years.

After many hardships, Zhong Er came to the State of Chu. King Chu Cheng thought that Zhong Er would make great achievements in the future, so he greeted him with state gifts and regarded him as a distinguished guest.

One day, the King of Chu gave a banquet in honor of Zhong Er, and the two chatted, and the atmosphere was very harmonious. Suddenly, the king of Chu asked Zhong Er, "If one day you return to the State of Jin and become a monarch, how can you repay me?" Zhong Er thought for a moment and said, "Beautiful women are waiting for you, precious silk, and you have a lot of rare bird feathers, ivory leather, and even more in Chu. What rare items does Jin Wang have? " The king of Chu said, "Your son is too modest. Having said that, you should show me something? " Zhong Er replied with a smile, "Thanks to you. If I can really return to China to be in power, I would like to get along well with your country. If one day, Jin Chu goes to war, I will definitely order the troops to retreat first (one house equals thirty miles). If I can't get your forgiveness, I will fight you again. "

Four years later, Zhong Er really returned to the State of Jin and became a monarch. This is the famous Jin Wengong in history. The state of Jin became stronger and stronger under his rule.

In 633 BC, the two armies of Chu and Jin fought. In order to fulfill his promise, Jin Wengong ordered the troops to retreat 90 miles and stay in Chengpu. When Chu Jun saw that 8 Jin J was retreating, he thought the other side was afraid and immediately pursued it. The Jin army took advantage of the weakness of the Chu army's pride in underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces and defeated the Chu army greatly, and won the battle of Chengpu.

The story comes from Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Twenty-two Years. This idiom means not arguing with others or making concessions on your own initiative.

2. Please enter the urn.

Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty appointed a group of brutal officials to suppress those who opposed her. Two of them are the most vicious, one is Zhou Xing and the other is Lai Junchen. They killed many upright civil and military officials and ordinary people by framing, accusing and inhumane criminal laws.

On one occasion, I sent a tip-off letter to Wu Zetian, the content of which was actually to report the rebellion of Zhou Xing's contact. Wu Zetian was furious and ordered Lai Junchen to investigate the matter. Lai Junchen is worried. He thinks that Zhou Xing is a crafty and treacherous person, and it is impossible for him to tell the truth just by a letter. But if I can't find out the result, the queen mother will blame me, and I can't afford it. what can I do? After thinking hard for a long time, I finally came up with a clever plan.

He prepared a sumptuous banquet and invited Zhou Xing to his home. Two people, you advised me to drink and talk it over. After three rounds of drinking, Lai Junchen sighed and said, "Brother, I usually handle cases and often meet some prisoners who refuse to plead guilty. I wonder what you can do? " Zhou Xing proudly said: "This is not easy!" Said, and took a sip of his glass. Lai Junchen immediately pretended to be sincere and said, "Oh, please give me advice quickly." Zhou Xing smiled insidiously and said, "You find a big urn, bake it around with charcoal fire, and then let the prisoner into the urn. You find a big urn, bake it with charcoal fire around it, and then let the prisoner into the urn. Think about it. What other prisoners don't confess? " Lai Junchen nodded yes again and again, and immediately ordered someone to bring a big urn to light the charcoal fire around him as Zhou Xing said, and then turned to Zhou Xing and said, "Someone in the palace secretly accused you of rebellion. I was ordered to investigate this matter. Sorry, please put yourself in the urn now. " Hearing this, Zhou Xing dropped the glass in his hand, then plopped to the ground and kowtowed again and again, saying, "I'm guilty, I'm guilty, I confess."

This story can be found two years after Tang Jian Ze Di granted permission. The idiom "please go to the urn" means to punish yourself with someone.

Step 3 be active

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, successively conquered Yue, Lu and Qi. He was ambitious and continued to March to the northwest, intending to conquer Jin with all his strength.

But it was at this time that Gou Jian, the king of Yue, copied the posterior route of the king of Wu. He led the army all the way to Suzhou, the capital of Wu, and sent troops to occupy the Huaihe River, cutting off the retreat of the king of Wu.

The news poured cold water on Fu Cha, the king of Wu. He was so shocked that he immediately called civil servants and military commanders to discuss countermeasures. Everyone said that going back now means that both customs have lost the battle and will be beaten at both ends; If we can defeat the State of Jin, it will be tantamount to becoming the overlord in the Warring States period, and it is not too late to go back and clean up Gou Jian, the king of Yue.

The plan has been made, and the urgent task is to conquer the state of Jin as soon as possible. After careful consideration, I decided to win by surprise.

One night, the king of Wu ordered. All the soldiers in the army eat well, and so do the horses. Select 30,000 elite soldiers from the whole army. Every ten thousand people form a phalanx, and * * * forms three phalanxes. There are 100 people in each square. At the beginning of each line is the officer's department. Every ten lines, that is, 1000 people, are in the charge of a doctor. The phalanx of each event is led by a general. In the center of the square, white helmets, white armor, white flags and white bows and arrows are all mastered by the prince himself, called Zhong Jun; The square on the left, red helmet, red armor, red clothes, red is like unfathomable; The square on the right is black. Set out in the middle of the night, and arrive at the place only one mile away from 8 jin j at dawn. At dawn, Wu Jun drummed and the sound of cheers shook the earth.

When Jin Jun woke up from his dream, he was shocked to see Wu Jun's three phalanxes: the white phalanx was in full swing-like a thatched field full of white flowers; Red Square, "looks like a fire"-like a burning flame; And that black square is like an unfathomable sea.

The story comes from Wu dialect, the national language. The idiom "in full swing" describes the large lineup and momentum of a group of people or things.

4. Learn without skill

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, General Huo Guang was an important official of the imperial court and won the trust of Emperor Wu. On his deathbed, Emperor Wu entrusted his youngest son, Liu Fuling (Emperor Zhao), to Huo Guang for assistance. After the death of Emperor Zhao, Huo Guang made Liu Xun Emperor (Xuan Di). Huo Guang was in power for more than forty years, which made great contributions to Wang Jin in the Western Han Dynasty.

After Liu Xun acceded to the throne, she made Xu Fei queen. Huo Guang's wife Huo Xian is a greedy woman. She wanted to marry her little daughter, Cheng Jun, to be the queen of Liu Xun, so she took advantage of Xu Niangniang's illness and bribed a female doctor to poison the queen. The poisonous trick was exposed and the female doctor was jailed. Huo Guang knew nothing about this beforehand, but when it came out, Huo told him. Huo Guang was very scared and accused his wife of not doing such a thing. He also wanted to report it, but he couldn't bear to have his wife convicted. After careful consideration, he concealed this heinous thing. After Huo Guang's death, someone reported the case to Xuan Di, and Xuan Di sent someone to investigate and deal with it. Huo Guang's wife heard about it, discussed countermeasures with her family and cronies, and decided to gather people to plan a rebellion. She didn't want to reveal the secret, so Xuan Di sent troops to surround her family.

Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, commented on Huo Guang's merits and demerits in Han Huo Guang Biography. Said he was "uneducated and ignorant, and kept in the dark in Dali", that is to say, Huo Guang had no knowledge, so he didn't know the truth of the overall situation.

The idiom "no learning and no skill" means no learning and no skill.

5. Luoyang paper is expensive

Zuo Si, a writer in Jin Dynasty, was a naughty boy when he was a child, and he didn't like reading. Father often loses his temper, but Xiao Zuosi is still very naughty and refuses to study hard.

One day, Zuo Si's father was chatting with his friends, who envied him for having a clever and lovely son. Zuo Si's father sighed and said, "Stop talking about him. Zuo Si's study in childhood was not as good as that in my childhood. It seems that there is not much promise. " Said, and a look of disappointment appeared on his face. All this was seen and heard by Xiao Zuosi. He is very sad and thinks it is really useless not to study hard. So, I secretly made up my mind that I must study hard.

Day after day, year after year, Zuo Si grew up gradually. Because of his persistent hard work, he finally became a knowledgeable person, and his articles were very good. He spent a year writing Du Fu of Qi, which showed his talent in literature and laid the foundation for him to become an outstanding writer. After that, it is planned to write Sandu Fu with the customs and products of the capitals of Wei, Shu and Wu in the Three Kingdoms as the content. In order to reach a certain level in content, structure and language, he devoted himself to research, carefully wrote and forgot to eat and sleep for ten years, and finally wrote the literary masterpiece Sandu Fu.

Sandu Fu has always been criticized, and people compare it with Sandu Fu, a literary masterpiece of Han Dynasty. Because printing had not been invented at that time, people who loved Sandu Fu had to scramble to copy it. Because there were too many people copying it, the supply of paper in Luoyang, the capital, was in short supply, and the price of paper in the whole city once rose sharply.

This story comes from the biography of Jin Shu Wen Yuan Zuosi. The idiom "Luoyang paper is expensive" is to praise the popularity of excellent works.

6, hope plum to quench thirst

One summer, Cao Cao led his army to crusade against Zhang Xiu. The weather is unusually hot, the sun is like fire, and there is not a cloud in the sky. The troops walked on the winding mountain road, and the dense trees and rocks scorched by the sun on both sides made people breathless. By noon, the soldiers' clothes were soaked, the marching speed slowed down, and several weak soldiers fainted on the side of the road.

Cao Cao was worried that the marching speed was getting slower and slower, and that the fighter plane would be delayed. However, at present, tens of thousands of people can't even drink water. How can we speed up? He immediately called the guide and asked him quietly, "Is there a water source near here?" The guide shook his head and said, "The spring is on the other side of the valley. It's a long detour. " Cao Cao thought for a moment and said, "No, it's too late." He looked at the forest in front of him, thought for a moment, and said to the guide, "Don't say anything, I'll think of something." He knew that even if he ordered the troops to speed up at the moment, it would not help. A brainwave, the solution came. He grabbed the horse by the stomach and quickly rushed to the front of the team. Pointing at the front with a whip, he said, "Soldiers, I know there is a large area of Merlin in front, where the plums are big and delicious. Let's hurry around this hill and get to Meilin! " Hearing this, the soldiers seemed to eat it in their mouths, and their spirits were greatly boosted, and their pace could not help but accelerate a lot.

The story comes from a false prophecy in Shi Shuo Xin Yu. This idiom means to comfort yourself or others with fantasy.

7. High mountains and flowing water

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Yu Boya, who was proficient in temperament and superb in piano skills. He was a famous pianist at that time. When Yu Boya was young, he was smart and eager to learn. He has learned from others and his piano skills have reached the level. But he always feels that he can't express his feelings about all kinds of things in a superb way. Boya's teacher knew his idea and took him to Penglai Island in the East China Sea by boat, so that he could enjoy the natural scenery and listen to the waves of the sea. Boya looked up and saw the waves surging and splashing; Seabirds are roaring and singing; The lush trees in the forest are like entering a fairyland. A wonderful feeling arises spontaneously, as if the harmonious and beautiful music of nature rises in my ear. He couldn't help playing the piano, his voice turned at will, and the beauty of nature was integrated into the sound of the piano. Boya experienced an unprecedented realm. The teacher told him, "You have learned."

One night boating in Boya. Facing the cool breeze and bright moon, he was full of thoughts, so he played the piano again, and the sound of the piano was melodious and getting better. Suddenly I heard someone screaming on the shore. When Boya heard the sound, he got out of the boat and saw a woodcutter standing on the shore. Knowing that the man was a bosom friend, he immediately invited the woodcutter aboard and played for him with great interest. Boya played a tune praising the mountains, and the woodcutter said, "How wonderful! Majestic and solemn, such as Mount Tai towering into the clouds! " When he played the surging waves, the woodcutter said, "How wonderful! Vast and boundless, it seems to see rolling water and boundless sea! " Boya was excited and said excitedly, "bosom friend!" You are really my bosom friend. "This woodcutter is Zhong Ziqi. Since then, the two have become very good friends.

This story comes from Liezi Tang Wen. The idiom "high mountains and flowing water" is a metaphor for bosom friends and wonderful music.

8. All the trees and grasses are soldiers.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian, king of Qin, took control of northern China. In 383 AD, Fu Jian led 900,000 infantry and cavalry to attack the rulers in the south of the Yangtze River. Jin generals Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led eighty thousand troops to resist. Fu Jian learned that 8 jin j strength is insufficient, just want to seize the opportunity, quick attack.

Unexpectedly, 250,000 vanguard troops in Fu Jian were unexpectedly defeated by 8 Jin Army in Shouchun, and suffered heavy losses. The general was killed and more than ten thousand soldiers were killed or injured. Qin Jun's spirit fell sharply, his morale was shaken, and the soldiers fled in panic. At this point, Fu Jian saw the 8 jin j in Shouchun city, and his fighting spirit was high. Then he looked at Bagong Mountain in the north, and saw that every grass and tree on the mountain looked like nomads from the army. Fu Jian turned to his younger brother and said, "What a powerful enemy this is! How can we say that the 8 Jin Army is insufficient? " He regretted underestimating his enemy.