Why can Liu Can win Xiang Yu? Can you tell me the specific reason?

Liu Shengbang's reason for Xiang Yu: "Qin lost its deer, and the world chased it, and the first one won it." Liu bang and Xiang Yu rose together, all-powerful, joined hands to destroy the Qin dynasty and win the world, split in two, bitter beans and bitter beans. After a long struggle, Liu Bang won and Xiang Yu failed. There have been different opinions about the reasons. Mr. Fan Wenlan said: "The main reason for Liu Bang's victory or defeat is that Liu Bang's supporters are farmers, especially those of the old Qin State, while Ji Xiang's supporters are only the remnants of ambitious lords. The two rely on different forces, so the consequences are different. " Ji Xiang "represents the remnants of the Lord. If he wants to let the society go back to the old times before Qin Dynasty and obstruct the trend of historical progress, he can only become a pauper". ("A Brief History of China") During the Cultural Revolution, this theory was used to "criticize Confucianism and comment on the law" and further went online, saying that Liu Bang was a legalist and advocated unity, which was a progressive force; Xiang Yu is a Confucian who advocates restoration and division and is a reactionary force. Labeling them as "class" and "line" is just wishful thinking and does not conform to historical facts. The uprisings of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu were part of the peasant uprisings led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu, which conformed to the historical trend of the world's anti-Qin tyranny and objectively represented the interests of the peasants. They were inseparable. Subjectively, both of them rose with the ambition of being emperors. No matter who becomes the emperor, they all want to rule the whole of China. It doesn't matter which is better or worse. Liu bang said, "gentleman!" when he first saw the majesty of Qin Shihuang patrolling the city. Xiang Yu said, "He can take a place!" This is their most frank confession. As for the cause of Liu Sheng's failure, Liu Bang himself had a very proud "experience summary" after he became emperor. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC), the world was settled. Gaozu bought wine in Nangong, Luoyang, and asked his ministers, "How can I win the world?" Why did Xiang Jia lose the world? "When Wu Gong got up, Xinping Cemetery replied," Your Majesty insulted others slowly, and Xiang Yu loved others. But your majesty makes people attack the city slightly, and it is also beneficial to the world to give it to those who fall. Xiang Yu is jealous of talents, and those who have made meritorious deeds will be harmed. Those who make meritorious deeds are suspicious, those who win are not rewarded, and those who seize land are not rewarded. That's why they lost the world. However, Liu Bang said, "The public knows one, but not the other. I am not as good as an ovary, because I am a winner thousands of miles away. I am not as good as Han Xin, for I can help the country, comfort the people and provide Wei with endless food. These three are outstanding people, and I can use them, so I win the world. Xiang Yu has a Fan Zeng, so he can't use it. That's why he was arrested for me. "For a long time, most commentators have analyzed the inevitability of Liu Sheng's defeat from the sharp contrast between Liu Xiang's strategy and employment, which is more convincing than the previous analysis of" class "and" line ". However, this answer is not the whole problem. There is also a fatal direct cause of Xiang Yu's failure, which has been ignored by historians for two thousand years. The former leader stood on high, and the grave said, "Your Majesty slowly humiliated others, and Xiang Yu loved others. This is very important. "People are deeply impressed by Liu Bang's' slow and humiliating'. The most typical example is that he despised intellectuals and peed on the crown of Confucianism. Xiang Yu's "benevolence" was completely ignored. A really can be called a murderous demon. Attack Xiangcheng in his early years. Because he can't attack it for a long time, once he wins, he will kill unarmed people. " Xiangcheng is a pit. "When we marched into Xianyang, in the First World War in Xin 'an, there were' more than 200,000 Chi soldiers killed at night'. He "led the troops to slaughter Xianyang in the west, kill Qin Zhi, burn Qin Gong, and the fire will not go out in March". Later, at the Battle of Chengyang, "Guo Cheng Palace was burned in the north, and all of them were cheated by Tian Rong, who was old, weak, women and children. As a result, all men over 0/5 years old in the city were killed in the battle against the Yellow River ... I'm afraid he killed countless people in his life, not only "enemies", but also prisoners and people. But it is Gao Qi and the tomb in his hostile camp who say that he is "benevolent and loves others". How do you explain this? Gao Qi and the tomb were ministers of the Han Dynasty. In the face of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, they could not go against the facts and whitewash Xiang Yu, and Liu Bang did not refute them. It can be seen that "Xiang Yu is kind and loving" was a common view at that time. Sima Qian did not judge heroes by success or failure, and made an exception to let Xiang Yu write Historical Records, which is of course commendable. But Sima Qian is also a Han minister after all. He can't deliberately beautify Xiang Yu and impose nonexistent virtues on him. The phrase "Xiang Yu is benevolent and loves others" must have its roots. What is "benevolence"? Confucius said, "The benevolent loves others." Say, "Give it to the people and help them." He said, "Benevolent people don't have to live to harm benevolence, but to kill themselves." Mencius said, "This is a boon to everyone in the world. Say: "Kiss the people, be kind to the people, and love things." Yue: "Ren Jun, be merciless; Junyi, all righteousness; Jun Zheng, Mo Zheng. One is the monarch, and the country has been decided. "Xiang Yu is cruel by nature. When he was young, he "studied books instead of swords" and probably didn't read many sage books. But after all, he was born in a famous family, and the moral code of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom" advocated by Meng is not necessarily convincing, but it is difficult to get rid of its bondage. It was this that became his achilles heel, which was manifested at several critical moments in the struggle between Chu and Han. In 206 AD (the first year of Wei Zhu), Xiang Yu put down the "Hongmen Banquet" and killed Liu Bang. In terms of military strength at that time, Xiang Yu had an army of 400,000, claiming to be a million, while Liu Bang had only 6,543,800+million, claiming to be 200,000, a great disparity. Liu Bang came to see Xiang Yu trembling and bowed down as a "minister", not an opponent at all. At that time, Xiang Yu wanted to kill Liu Bang, which was a piece of cake! However, he didn't do it. The biggest obstacle is not Liu Bang or Xiang Bo who secretly helped Liu Bang, but Xiang Yu's inner world. What Fan Kuai said when he broke into the tent with a sword and shield hit the nail on the head: "It was agreed with the generals that the one who first broke Qin and entered Xianyang was king. Today, Pei Gong first broke the Qin Dynasty and entered Xianyang, but he dared not go near. He closed the palace and returned to the army to wait for the arrival of the king. Therefore, people who will keep the customs should be prepared for him to steal in and out. I will not be rewarded if I work so hard, but I will listen to the details. Those who want to punish meritorious deeds die in Qin Er and steal as king. "No matter what the actual actions of Liu Bang and Fan Kuai are, at least in theory, they are benevolent and moral, methodical, confident and enterprising, but Xiang Yu was speechless. Chu Huaiwang, the "righteous emperor", was established by him and Liu Bang, and "Wang Zhi, who first broke Qin into Xianyang" was agreed by * * * *; If he kills Liu Bang, he will break the contract and put himself in a passive position of "unkind and unfair". In fact, Yidi is just a puppet. Liu Bang and all the generals are afraid of Xiang Yu. Even if he betrayed Yidi and killed Liu Bang, no one dared to say anything. But there is a "moral court" in his own heart that prevents him from doing that. So, regardless of Fan Zeng's dissuasion, Xiang Yu released the tiger. This is a big mistake of Xiang Yu. As Fan Zeng said afterwards, "Alas! Insufficient vertical shaft, ask. Those who win the king's world are rewarded repeatedly! "Facts have proved that this mistake caused Xiang Yu's lifelong regret. Liu bang survived and was able to recuperate. When he is full-fledged, it will be difficult for Xiang Yu to destroy him again. In 203 BC, in the Guangwu battlefield with gouges where whole pieces were missing, Xiang Yu once blackmailed Liu Bang, arrested Liu Bang's father, tied him to the other side, and said to Liu Bang, "Don't worry, I will cook too much! "He thought that Liu Bang would give in to him because of his filial piety. Unexpectedly, Liu bang was completely unmoved and calmly replied: "Xiang Yu and I were both ordered to be the king of Huaibei, saying, about brothers." If my Weng is an Weng, he will want to cook two Weng, so he is lucky to have a piece of me! "This move is a mistake again. He originally used morality as a weapon to try to subdue Liu Bang, only to be restrained by Liu Bang. For the sake of the overall interests, Liu Bang showed no mercy to some necessary sacrifices. Even if my father is really cooked by Xiang Yu, he will never compromise. " Governing a big country can be something new. "What is' cooking' a squire? ! Besides, he knows Xiang Yu's weakness. Since Xiang Yu is "about brothers" with him, if he cooks squire, he will be accused of "unfilial" and "unjust", so he decided that Xiang Yu would never dare to cook! And Liu Bang himself? When he escaped from Pengcheng, he kicked the child out of the car several times in order to reduce the burden and make the car run faster to get rid of the pursuit of Chu army! He only has himself in his heart, so he doesn't care about morality! But when necessary, he carried the banner of morality and created public opinion for himself. Xiang Yu killed the "righteous emperor", and Liu Bang took this opportunity to do enough articles, sent out obituaries for the "righteous emperor", and joined the princes to crusade against the "unjust" Xiang Yu, which hit the key again.